Fenix International Limited v Host Master, 1337 Services LLC
WIPO Case No. D2023-1050
•09-05-2023
ARBITRATION
AND
| MEDIATION CENTER |
ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION
Fenix International Limited v. Host Master, 1337 Services LLC
Case No. D2023-1050
1. The Parties
The Complainant is Fenix International Limited c/o Walters Law Group, United States of America (“United
States”).
The Respondent is Host Master, 1337 Services LLC, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The disputed domain name <nudeof.com> is registered with Tucows Inc. (the “Registrar”).
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on March 8, 2023.
On March 9, 2023, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in
connection with the disputed domain name. On March 9, 2023, the Registrar transmitted by email to the
Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the disputed domain name
which differed from the named Respondent (REDACTED FOR PRIVACY c/o Tucows, Inc.) and contact
information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on March 13,
2023, providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting the
Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on
March 22, 2023.
The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal
requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the from a third party on April 24, 2023.
Complaint, and the proceedings commenced on March 27, 2023. In accordance with the Rules, paragraph
5, the due date for Response was April 16, 2023. The Respondent did not submit any response.
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The Center appointed Kiyoshi Tsuru as the sole panelist in this matter on April 25, 2023. The Panel finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual Background
The Complainant owns and operates the website to which the domain name <onlyfans.com> resolves, and which is used as a social media platform that allows users to post and subscribe to audiovisual content.
The Complainant is the owner of several trademark registrations around the world, among others, the following:
| Trademark | No. Registration | Jurisdiction | Date of Registration | International Classes |
| ONLYFANS | 017946559 | European Union | January 9, 2019 | 9, 35, 38, 41, and 42 |
| ONLYFANS | UK00917946559 | United Kingdom | January 9, 2019 | 9, 35, 38, 41, |
| and 42 | ||||
| ONLYFANS | UK00917912377 | United Kingdom | January 9, 2019 | 9, 35, 38, 41, |
| and 42 | ||||
| ONLYFANS | 5769267 | United States | June 4, 2019 | 35 |
| ONLYFANS.COM | 5769268 | United States | June 4, 2019 | 35 |
| OFTV | 6918292 | United States | December 6, 2022 | 9 |
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5. Parties’ Contentions
A. Complainant
The Complainant argued the following:
That the Complainant’s website to which the domain name <onlyfans.com> resolves is one of the most
popular websites in the world with over 180 million registered users. That, according to similarweb, it is the
94th most popular website on the Internet and the 53rd most popular website in the United States.
That, since the website to which the domain name <onlyfans.com> resolves is one of the most visited websites in the world, it has become a prime target for cybersquatters wishing to profit from the goodwill that the Complainant has gained.
That the disputed domain name was registered on November 30, 2020, being that the Complainant has had previous rights since at least June 4, 2016. As well, that the Complainant’s common law rights have been recognized by prior UDRP panels.
I. Identical or Confusingly Similar
That the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademarks.
That it is well established under UDRP precedents that the mere abbreviation of a trademark, or a portion thereof, is not enough to prevent confusing similarity.
That the use of the abbreviation “OF” for the portions of “Only” and “Fans” of the Complainant’s trademark in the disputed domain name, does not prevent a finding of confusing similarity.
That, on the website to which the disputed domain name resolved, there used to be several references to the
Complainant’s trademark, like the misappropriation of the padlock logo, and that therefore it is clear that the
Respondent is impersonating the Complainant.
That the disputed domain name incorporates an additional term which does nothing to avoid confusing similarity under the first element.
That the use of the Top-Level Domain (“TLD”) “.com” does not change the result in the confusing similarity analysis, since it does not sufficiently distinguish the disputed domain name from the Complainant’s trademark.
II. Rights or Legitimate Interests
That the Respondent has no connection to or affiliation with the Complainant, and that the Respondent has not received any authorization, license, or consent to use the Complainant’s trademark in the disputed domain name, or in any other manner.
That the Respondent is not commonly known by the Complainant’s trademarks and does not hold any trademark rights to the disputed domain name.
That the Complainant has achieved global fame and success in a short time, which makes it clear that the the disputed domain name.
That there is no evidence indicating that the Respondent is known by the text of the disputed domain name.
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That once a complainant asserts that a respondent has no rights or legitimate interests, the burden of production then shifts to the respondent to provide concrete evidence showing rights to, or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name at hand.
That the registration and use of the disputed domain name in bad faith cannot establish rights to or legitimate interests in favor of the Respondent.
That using the disputed domain name to host commercial websites that advertise goods and services in direct competition with those of the Complainant does not constitute legitimate rights or interests.
That the disputed domain name resolved to a website that offered pirated content from the Complainant’s users, and that the Respondent has even placed the infringing “nudeOF” logo as a watermark on it. That, therefore, the Respondent has suggested a connection with the Complainant by mimicking the
Complainant’s logo.
That the Respondent registered and used the disputed domain name not because it refers to, or is associated with the Respondent, but because the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to the <onlyfans.com> domain name and the trademarks used by the Complainant in association with its services.
III. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
a) Registered in Bad Faith
That the disputed domain name was registered on November 30, 2020, after the Complainant secured registered rights to the trademarks, and long after the Complainant had acquired common law rights to said trademarks, which have acquired distinctiveness. That this acquired distinctiveness is so strong that the Complainant’s website is among the Top 100 most popular websites in the world.
That previous UDRP panels have found that the registration of a domain name that is confusingly similar to a widely known trademark may create a presumption of bad faith.
That the Complainant’s trademark ONLYFANS has been recognized in numerous previous cases decided under the Policy as “internationally well-known amongst the relevant public”, such that the Respondent either knew or ought to have known of the Complainant’s trademark, and likely registered the disputed domain name to target said trademark.
That it is more probable than not that the Respondent was fully aware of the Complainant’s trademarks at the time of registration, considering that the website to which the disputed domain name resolved contained a logo modeled after the Complainant’s registered logo.
That bad faith registration has also been found when a disputed domain name includes part of a complainant’s trademark or an abbreviation of it plus an additional term that “enhances the likelihood of confusion with the Complainant”, such as the Respondent’s use of the Complainant’s trademark plus the additional term “nude”.
That the Respondent registered the disputed domain name to offer services in direct competition with those of the Complainant (including content pirated from the Complainant’s users).
That the Complainant sent a cease-and-desist letter to the Respondent on March 8, 2022, but that the
Respondent did not reply, which is further evidence of bad faith.
That the Respondent registered the disputed domain name to divert Internet traffic from the Complainant’s website to a website offering adult entertainment content (including content pirated from the Complainant’s users), in direct competition with the Complainant’s website.
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b) Used in Bad Faith
That since the Complainant’s trademarks are well-recognized, bad faith should be found.
That use in bad faith is found where a disputed domain name directs users to a commercial website that offers goods and services in direct competition with those of the trademark owner.
That the Respondent’s attempts to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to the Respondent’s website by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant’s trademark as to the source, affiliation, or endorsement of the disputed domain name, constitutes bad faith use.
That using a logo similar to the Complainant’s ONLYFANS logo is further evidence of bad faith use.
B. Respondent
The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions. The Center received an email from an unidentified individual on April 24, 2023, stating “I acknowledge the copyright infringement and would like to comply with your request to either close the website or transfer the domain name”.
6. Discussion and Findings
In accordance with paragraph 4(a) of the Policy, the Complainant is required to prove that each of the three following elements is satisfied:
(i) the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; and
(ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and
(iii) the disputed domain name was registered and is being used in bad faith.
Given the Respondent’s failure to submit a formal Response, the Panel may decide this proceeding based on the Complainant’s undisputed factual allegations under paragraphs 5(f), 14(a), and 15(a) of the Rules, (see Joseph Phelps Vineyards LLC v. NOLDC, Inc., Alternative Identity, Inc., and Kentech, WIPO Case No.
D2006-0292).
A. Identical or Confusingly Similar
The Complainant has filed evidence showing that it owns registrations for the trademark ONLYFANS, among others, in the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, as well as International registrations.
This disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademark ONLYFANS, as it incorporates the abbreviation “OF” (i.e. a common abbreviation of the trademark ONLYFANS), with the addition of the term “nude”. Previous panels appointed under the Policy have found that the addition of a term to a disputed domain name, such as “nude”, does not avoid a finding of confusing similarity (see sections 1.7 and 1.8 of the WIPO Overview 3.0, see also Fenix International Limited v. Withheld for Privacy Purposes, Privacy Service Provided by Withheld for Privacy ehf / Marius Pop, supra; Fenix International Limited c/o Walters Law Group v. Marius, supra, and Fenix International Limited c/o Walters Law Group v. Dilshan Omantha, supra).
The addition of the TLD “.com” to the disputed domain name constitutes a technical requirement of the test (see section 1.11 of the WIPO Overview 3.0).
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Additionally, the website to which the disputed domain named resolved, contained several references to the Complainant and its trademark ONLYFANS, including a logo that resembles that of the Complainant
| . The Complainant has asserted that said website displayed content apparently pirated from the |
Complainant’s website, which affirmation was not contested by the Respondent. These facts constitute inferences of a prima facie case that the Respondent has sought to target the Complainant’s trademark in the disputed domain name, further affirming the confusing similarity between the disputed domain name and the Complainant’s trademark (see section 1.15 of the WIPO Overview 3.0).
In light of the above, the first element of the Policy has been met.
B. Rights or Legitimate Interests
Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy sets forth the following examples as circumstances where a respondent may have rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name:
(i) before any notice to the respondent of the dispute, the use by the respondent of, or demonstrable preparations to use, the disputed domain name or a name corresponding to the domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or
(ii) the respondent (as an individual, business, or other organization) has been commonly known by the disputed domain name, even if it did not acquire trademark or service mark rights; or
(iii) the respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the domain name, without intent for commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue.
The Complainant has asserted that there is no relationship between the Complainant and the Respondent, that it has not granted any authorization, license, or consent to the Respondent to use its trademark ONLYFANS in the disputed domain name, and that the Respondent has not been commonly known by the disputed domain name (see Beyoncé Knowles v. Sonny Ahuja, WIPO Case No. D2010-1431; and Six Continents Hotels, Inc. v. IQ Management Corporation, WIPO Case No. D2004-0272). The Respondent did not contest these allegations.
The Panel agrees with previous panels appointed under the Policy, in that the ONLYFANS trademark is well
known (see Fenix International Limited c/o Walters Law Group v. Andrei Ivanov, WIPO Case No. D2021-
1284; Fenix International Limited c/o Walters Law Group v. Marius, WIPO Case No. D2021-1340; Fenix
International Limited c/o Walters Law Group v. Dilshan Omantha, WIPO Case No. DCC2021-0002; Fenix
International Limited v. Withheld for Privacy Purposes, Privacy service provided by Withheld for Privacy ehf /
Bent Harracksingh, WIPO Case No. D2021-1337; Fenix International Limited v. Datos privados, WIPO Case
No. D2021-1306; Fenix International Limited v. Withheld for Privacy Purposes, Privacy service provided by
Withheld for Privacy ehf / Andrei Ivanov, WIPO Case No. D2021-1339; Fenix International Limited v. Kiril
Kirilov, WIPO Case No. D2021-0853; Fenix International Limited c/o Walters Law Group v. Juan Anton,
Onlyfanx, WIPO Case No. D2021-0837; Fenix International Limited v. WhoisGuard Protected, WhoisGuard
Inc. / Genadiy Ivanov, WIPO Case No. D2021-0828; Fenix International Limited v. WhoisGuard Protected,
WhoisGuard Inc. / kadene wignall, WIPO Case No. D2021-0825; Fenix International Limited c/o Walters
Law Group v. Danesco Trading Ltd. / AVO Ltd AVO Ltd, WIPO Case No. D2021-0863; Fenix International
Limited v. WhoisGuard Protected, WhoisGuard, Inc. / Yazid Laiss / Stive Belb / Ahmed Bel Bouahli, WIPO
Case No. D2021-0152; Fenix International Limited c/o Walters Law Group v. WhoisGuard, Inc., WhoisGuard
Protected / Marry Mae Cerna, WIPO Case No. D2021-0327; Fenix International Limited v. Domains By
Proxy, LLC. / Carolina Rodrigues, Fundacion Comercio Electronico, WIPO Case No. D2020-3447; Fenix
International Limited v. Tuncay Karatas, Skalonga Event, WIPO Case No. D2021-0132 and Fenix
International Limited v. Perfect Privacy, LLC/ Chad Moston, Speedplexer, WIPO Case No. D2020-1162).
The disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademark ONLYFANS, to which the term “nude” is added, which suggests that the Respondent has targeted the Complainant to offer content
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| the Complainant’s portal without their consent, which conduct cannot be considered as a legitimate | that was apparently reproduced from materials that were initially uploaded by users of the Complainant to No. D2020-1213: “The Panel further finds that the Respondent’s use of the Complainant’s trademark in the disputed domain name and on Respondent’s website, to provide free of charge what appears to be content that was originally uploaded to the Complainant’s website, does not amount to a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name pursuant to paragraph 4(c)(iii) of the Policy).” | |||
| The making available on the website to which the disputed domain name resolved, of content apparently taken from the Complainant’s portal (created by users of the Complainant’s site) without authorization, cannot be deemed as a bona fide offering of goods and services (see Fenix International Limited v. Withheld for Privacy Purposes, Privacy Service Provided by Withheld for Privacy ehf / Marius Pop, WIPO Case No. D2021-2715). | ||||
| The consensus view among panels appointed under the Policy is that the use of a domain name for illegal activity, such as the unauthorized reproduction of copyrighted material, cannot confer rights to, or legitimate interests in a domain name (see section 2.13 of the WIPO Overview 3.0; see also Self-Portrait IP Limited v. Franklin Kelly, WIPO Case No. D2019-0283 and Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. v. AmarildoDomi WIPO Case No. D2013-0608: “(a) the Respondent is offering the genuine Grand Theft Auto version 5 software, presumably a beta version, notwithstanding the Complainant’s denial of its existence. If so, however, the making available of a copy for download would plainly be a copyright infringement in nearly all, if not all, countries in the world and this could never amount to a legitimate interest in the Complainant’s trademark for purposes of the Policy;)”. | ||||
| Finally, according to the evidence submitted by the Complainant and not contested by the Respondent, the website to which the disputed domain name resolved predominantly displayed references to the trademark ONLYFANS and a logo that was confusingly similar to the one used and registered by the Complainant. | ||||
| This shows that the Respondent has attempted to impersonate the Complainant. A finding of impersonation prevents a determination of a bona fide offering of goods (see sections 2.5.1, and 2.13.1 of the WIPO Overview 3.0; see also Self-Portrait IP Limited v. Franklin Kelly, supra). | ||||
| The Complainant has made a prima facie case asserting that there is no evidence of the Respondent’s use of the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services and that the Respondent has not been commonly known by the disputed domain name. The Respondent has not submitted evidence to prove otherwise. | ||||
| Thus, the second element of the Policy has been fulfilled. | ||||
| C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith | ||||
| According to paragraph 4(b) of the Policy, the following circumstances, in particular but without limitation, shall be evidence of registration and use in bad faith: | ||||
|
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(iii) the respondent has registered the domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a competitor; or
(iv) by using the domain name, the respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website or other online location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the respondent’s web site or location or of a product or service on its web site or location.
As noted above, the Complainant has filed evidence showing that it owns registrations for the trademark
ONLYFANS, among others, in the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, as well as
International registrations.
| well-known Complainant’s trademark ONLYFANS, alongside the term “nude”, and the fact that the website to | The fact that the Respondent registered the disputed domain name, which includes the abbreviation of the Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) v. David Amr, WIPO Case No. D2021-2322 “Given the distinctiveness of the Complainant’s trademark, it is reasonable to infer that the Respondent has registered the Disputed Domain Name with full knowledge of the Complainant’s trademarks, constituting opportunistic bad faith. The Panel finds it hard to see any other explanation than that the Respondent knew of the Complainant’s well-known trademark.”). |
| Previous panels appointed under the Policy have found that the mere registration by an unauthorized party of a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to a well-known trademark can, under certain circumstances, create a presumption of bad faith in itself (see section 3.1.4 of the WIPO Overview 3.0, see also Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha d/b/a Toyota Motor Corporation; Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., and Toyota Motor Sales De Mexico, S. De R.L. de C.V. v. Salvador Cobian, WIPO Case No. DMX2001-0006, and Ferrari S.p.A. v. Ms. Lee Joohee (or Joo-Hee), WIPO Case No. D2003-0882). This is so in the present case. | |
| Moreover, according to the evidence submitted by the Complainant and not contested by the Respondent, the disputed domain name resolved to a website that reproduced and made available, without authorization, content apparently taken from the Complainant’s platform, which had been uploaded to said platform by the Complainant’s users. Therefore, this Panel considers that the Respondent tried to capitalize on the reputation and goodwill of the Complainant’s trademark by misleading Internet users, for commercial gain, to the disputed domain name, by creating a likelihood of confusion as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the disputed domain name and the website to which it resolved, which constitutes bad faith under paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy (see section 3.1.4 of the WIPO Overview 3.0, see also Fontem Holdings 4, B.V. v. J- B-, Limestar Inc., WIPO Case No. D2016-0344; Archer-Daniels-Midland Company v. Wang De Bing, WIPO Case No. D2017-0363, and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Domain Administrator, PrivacyGuardian.org / George Ring, DN Capital Inc., WIPO Case No. D2017-0302). | |
| Another indicator of bad faith can be a pattern of abusive registrations in which a respondent has been involved. The Respondent has been involved in multiple cases, which include the following cases that also involve the Complainant: Fenix International Limited v. Host Master, 1337 Services LLC, WIPO Case No. D2021-0582 and Fenix International Limited v. Host Master, 1337 Services LLC, WIPO Case No. D2021-2652. This pattern further supports a finding of bad faith according to paragraph 4(b)(ii) of the Policy (see section 3.1.2 of the WIPO Overview 3.0). | |
| The abovementioned facts show that not only the Respondent registered the disputed domain name in bad |
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faith, but also, that the Respondent has used the disputed domain name in bad faith.
Therefore, the third element of the Policy has been proven.
7. Decision
For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain name, <nudeof.com>, be transferred to the Complainant.
/Kiyoshi Tsuru/
Kiyoshi Tsuru
Sole Panelist
Date: May 9, 2023
6918293 United States December 6, 2022 9
| OF |
6918294 United States December 6, 2022 9
| OF |
6938572 United States December 6, 2022 38, 41, and 42
| OF |
The disputed domain name <nudeof.com> was registered on November 30, 2020. It currently resolves to an inactive website.
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