F v Crime and Corruption Commission

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SUPREME COURT OF QUEENSLAND

CITATION:  F v Crime and Corruption Commission [2020] QSC 245
PARTIES:  [NAME NOT PUBLISHED]
(Applicant)
v
CRIME AND CORRUPTION COMMISSION
(Respondent)
FILE NO/S:  [not published]
DIVISION:  Trial Division
PROCEEDING:  Originating application
DELIVERED ON:  12 August 2020
DELIVERED AT:  Brisbane
HEARING DATE:  6 August 2020
JUDGE:  Jackson J
ORDER:  The order of the court is that:
1.  The application is dismissed.
2.  No order as to costs.
CATCHWORDS:  CRIMINAL LAW – FEDERAL AND STATE
INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITIES – QUEENSLAND –
where the applicant is employed at a television station –
where the applicant received information in that capacity
from an unnamed source which caused him to direct a
television news reporter and camera man to a stated address
– where the respondent is conducting a corruption
investigation that police disclosed information without lawful
authority, engaged in corrupt conduct and committed
offences against the Criminal Code (Qld) and Police Powers
and Responsibilities Act 2000 (Qld) – where the applicant
refused to answer questions at a commission hearing on the
ground of public interest immunity – where the applicant
applied to a judge to decide whether the claims of privilege
on the ground of public interest immunity are established and
should be upheld – whether a journalist’s claim of ‘privilege’
against disclosing confidential sources of information is
within public interest immunity – where the court held that
public interest immunity does not extend to a journalist’s
obligation not to disclose confidential sources of information
CRIMINAL LAW – FEDERAL AND STATE
INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITIES – QUEENSLAND -
where the application is alternatively for a restrictive
injunction restraining the respondent from questioning the
applicant further in relation to the corruption investigation –
whether the investigation is being conducted unfairly by
asking the applicant to disclose confidential sources of
information – where the court held that the investigation is
not being conducted unfairly
CRIMINAL LAW – FEDERAL AND STATE
INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITIES – QUEENSLAND -
where the application is alternatively for a restrictive
injunction restraining the respondent from questioning the
applicant further in relation to the corruption investigation –
whether the complaint or information for the investigation
being conducted does not warrant an investigation – whether
the unauthorised disclosure of information by a police officer
is capable of constituting corrupt conduct - where the court
held that it is not inapt to describe the disclosure of
information as conduct that could result in the performance of
functions or in a way that involves the misuse of information
as corrupt conduct
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW – OPERATION AND
EFFECT OF COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION –
RESTRICTIONS ON COMMONWEALTH AND STATE

LEGISLATION – RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IMPLIED IN COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION – FREEDOM OF POLICITCAL COMMUNICATION – PARTICULAR CASES – where the applicant submitted that ss 192 and

196 of the Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld)
impermissibly burdens the freedom of communication about
matters of government and politics to the extent they require
the applicant to answer certain questions about the source of
information and reveal the confidential source of information
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Details
Case
[2020] QSC 245
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The applicant, who is employed by a television station, applied to the court for relief from a notice of attendance issued by the Crime and Corruption Commission, requiring him to give evidence in relation to a corruption investigation. The respondent is conducting an investigation into the conduct of a police officer, who allegedly disclosed information without lawful authority. The applicant had received information from an unnamed source which led to the filming of the arrest of a named person. The applicant refused to answer questions about his sources of information on the grounds of public interest immunity. The legal issues before the court were whether the applicant was required to disclose the sources of his information, and whether certain provisions of the Crime and Corruption Act were invalid on the ground that they burdened the constitutional freedom of communication about matters of government and politics.

The court found that the applicant was not required to disclose the sources of his information as the public interest in maintaining the confidentiality of the source outweighed the public interest in the disclosure of the information. The court held that the provisions of the Crime and Corruption Act in question did not impermissibly burden the constitutional freedom of communication about matters of government and politics. The court found that the provisions were reasonably appropriate and adapted to serve the legitimate aim of preventing and detecting corruption.

The court dismissed the applicant's application in its entirety. The court held that the applicant was not entitled to refuse to answer the sources of information questions and that the provisions of the Crime and Corruption Act were valid. The court made no orders in relation to the applicant's application.

Orders

Orders of the court

The order of the court is that:

Background

Background to the litigation

In the further alternative, this application is for relief on the ground that relevant provisions of the CC Act are invalid because they impermissibly burden the constitutional freedom of communication about matters of government and politics. Facts The facts set out below, the name of the applicant and number of the proceeding have been “de-identified” because of requirements of the CC Act.[10] [10] Crime and Corruption Act 2001 (Qld), ss 180(3), 202 and 332(8). The applicant is employed at a television station. On a date in 2018, he received information in that capacity from an unnamed source that caused him to direct a television news reporter and camera man to a stated address (“the disclosure of information”). On a stated date they attended the stated address and knocked on the door. A few days later, they filmed the arrest of a named person at the stated address. The respondent is conducting a corruption investigation that police disclosed information without lawful authority, including the disclosed information, engaged in corrupt conduct, and committed offences against s 92A Criminal Code (Qld) and s 352 Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 (Qld). On a stated date, the chairperson of the respondent issued a notice of attendance to the applicant to give evidence in accordance with the schedule to the notice. The schedule stated that the subjects were: On a stated date, the applicant attended a commission hearing in response to the notice of attendance, was sworn and gave evidence. In the course of the hearing he was asked the following questions (“sources of information questions”): The applicant refused to answer all of the sources of information questions on the ground of public interest immunity. A week or so later, this application was filed raising that and the other relevant questions to be decided on this hearing, except the alleged invalidity of ss 192 and 196 of the CC Act based on the freedom of communication about matters of government and politics, which was added by later amendment. Several months later, a named police officer was charged with two offences under s 92A Criminal Code (Qld) and one offence under s 352 Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 (Qld). The offences alleged are: “Section 92A(1)(a) of the Criminal Code On [a stated date at a stated place a named police officer] being employed as a public officer with intent to dishonestly gain a benefit for [the applicant] dealt with information namely murder details gained because of the said [named police officer’s] office. Section 352(1) and (2)(b)(i) of the Police Powers and Responsibilities Act On [a stated date at a stated place a named police officer] intentionally communicated protected information namely the existence of a surveillance device and the said [named police officer] knew the information was protected information and the said [named police officer] knew that the communication of the information was not permitted by Chapter 13 Part 5 Division 1 of the Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 and the said [named police officer] was reckless as to whether the disclosure of the said information would endanger the health and safety of any person. Section 92A(1)(a) of the Criminal Code On [a stated date at a stated place a named police officer] being employed as a public officer with intent to dishonestly gain a benefit for [the applicant] dealt with information namely a joint counter terrorism team raid gained because of the said [named police officer]’ office.”

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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