ex parte

Case

[1979] FCA 178

20 Apr 1979

No judgment structure available for this case.

-

CATCI-lL!GfiOS

?--m

-2 :S

' - c

JUDGFJEk 1 1x3, ..IU.VOO...PC~s=so

ee...*a**a*e

B a n k r u p t c y

-

0 a ~ k r u p t . c ~

N o t i c e -

O r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

O F

A u s t r a l i a

v a r y i r l g

a n o r d e r o f

t h e S u p r e m e

C o u r t o f

N e w

S o u t h Wales

-

D e s c r i p t i o n o f

f i n a l o r d e r

w i t h i n

t h e B a n k r u p t c y

N o t i c e

-

W h e t h e r

e x e c u t i o n

c a n

i s s u e u p o n

s u c h a n

o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t -

N e c e s s i t y

f o r s t r i c t c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a

B a r l k r u p t c y

N o t i c e -

T e s t

t o be

a p p l i e d i n d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r

t h e d e b t o r h a s

b e e n

m i s l e d

-

C o u r t ' s

r i . g h t

t o c o n s i d e r

f a c t s e x t r a n e o u s

t o t h e B a n k r u p t c y

R o t i c e -

W h e t h e r

t h e r e was

a

c a p a c i t y

t o rn i s l . e ad

" t h e f f d c b t o r

o r some

f l h y p o t h e t i c a l f l d e b t o r

-

S . 306 ..-

B a n k r u p t c y

-

!{ct

1 9 6 6

I N THE

FEDERAL

COURT GT

A U S T R A L I A

---

1

GENERAL

D I V I S I O N

BANKRUPTCY DISTRICT OF THE STATE

No.

B 85 o f 1979

OF NEW SOUTH WALES AND THE

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAI- TERRITORY

I N THE MATTER OF

The Ban l t rup tcy Ac t 1966

AND

I N THE

MATTER

o f

an a p p l i c a t i o n t o s e t

a s i d e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e

RE:

R A Y M O N D

JOSEPH

W I M B O R N E

EX PARTE:

THE DEBTOR

JUDGE

M A K I N G ORDER:

LOCKHART J.

DATE OF ORDER:

20 APRIL

1 9 7 9

WHERE MADE:

SYDNEY

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

The

a p p l i c a t i o n

b e

d i s m i s s e d

A p p l i c a n t

t o pay

t h e

r e s p o n d e n t ' s

c q s t s

o f

t h e

a p p l i c a t i o n

i n c l u d i n g

r e s e r v e d

c a s t s .

I N THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

GENERAL DIVISION

BANKRUPTCY DISTRICT OF THE STATE OF

No.

R 8 5 o f 1979

NEW SOUTH WALES AND THE AUSTRALIAN

CAPITAL TERRITORY

I N THE

MATTER

OF

The

B a n k r u p t c y A c t

1966

AND

I N THE MATTER o f an a p p l i c a t i o n

t o s e t

a s i d e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e

RE:

RAYMOND JOSEPH WIMBORNE

EX PARTE:

THE DEBTOR

LOCKHART 3 ,

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

--

T h i s

i

s

a n

a p p l i c a t i o n

t o s e t a s i d e

a

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e i s s u e d by

a

d e p u t y

r e g i s t r a r i n b a n k r u p t c y

on

B

J a n u a r y

1979.

The a p p l i c a n t i s Rayrnond Joseph Wimborne,

one o f

t h e two

judgment

d e b t o r s .

The

r e s p o n d e n t

i s John

Edward

Walker

t h e

judgment

c r e d i t o r .

The

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e s o

f a r

a s

m a t e r i a l p r o v i d e s : -

"To:

(a) RAYMOND JOSEPH WIMBORNE o f 92

New Sou th Head Road,

Vauc luse Managing

D i r e c t o r and DAVID JOHN WIMBORNE o f 92 New Sou th Head Road, Vaucluse, Company D i r e c t o r

WHEREAS

(b ) J O H N EDWARD WALKER o f 109

P i t t S t r e e t Sydney

( h e r e i n a f t e r

r e f e r r e d

t o as

' I t h e

judgment

c r e d i t o r f 1 ) has

c l a i m e d

t h a t t h e sum

o f

$ 1 7 , 9 6 0 . 9 3

t o g e t h e r w i t h

i n t e r e s t t h e r e o n a t t h e r a t e o f

$6

p e r

c e n t u m

p e r

annum

f r o m

21

S e p t e m b e r

1 9 7 2

w h i c h

a t 21

December

1 9 7 8 a rnoun t s

t o

$6734 .28

making a

t o t a l o f

$24 ,695 .21

i s d u e by

you

t o him u n d e r a

f i n a l

o r d e r o b t a i n e d

by

h i m

a g a i n s t you

i n

t h e High

C o u r t

o f

A u s t r a l i a

on

t h e 3 r d

d a y

o f

March

1 9 7 6 ,

b e i n g

a n

o r d e r t h e

e x e c u t i o n

o f

which

h a s

n o t

b e a n

s t a y e d :

THEREFORE TAKE NOTICE t h a t . . .

.

I I

The

a t t a c k on

t h e v a l i d i t y o f

t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e i s made

on

two

g r o u n d s : -

l .

F i r s t ,

t h a t t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f

t h e r e l e v a n t

f i n a l o r d e r a s b e i n g o b t a i n e d a g a i n s t t h e

j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s i n t h e

High

C o u r t

o f

A u s t r a l i a on

3

March

1 9 7 6 i s i n c o r r e c t a n d

r e s u l t s i n t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e b e i n g

f u n d a m e n t a l l y

d e f e c t i v e

a s ,

a l t h o u g h

t h e

H i g h

C o u r t d i d make

c e r t a i n o r d e r s on

3

March

1976 ,

t h e r e l e v a n t o r d e r o f

t h a t c o u r t

was

t h a t t h e o r d e r o f

t h e Supreme C o u r t o f

N e w

S o u t h

W a l e s

a g a i n s t

whose

j u d g m e n t

t h e

a p p e a l t o t h e High

C o u r t was

b r o u g h t ,

b e

v a r i e d by

i n s e r t i n g a n o r d e r

t h a t t h e judgment

d e b t o r s p a y

t o t h e r e s p o n d e n t

t h e sum

o f

$17 ,960 .93 .

The

a p p l i c a n t

c o n t e n d s

t h a t

t h e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e

s h o u l d

h a v e

d e s c r i b e d

t h e o r d e r

a s

b e i n g

t h e o r d e r o f t h e Supr-eme C o u r t of

N e w

S o u t h Wales

made

on

27

J u n e 1 9 7 3 a s v a r i e d

by o r d e r o f

t h e High

C o u r t o f

A u s t r a l i a

on

3

March

1 9 7 6 ;

2.

S e c o n d l y ,

t h a t t h s c l a i m

f o r i n t e r e s t i n

t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e

o f

$ 6 , 7 3 4 . 2 8

w h i c h

i s s a i d t o b e

d u e u n d e r t h e o r d e r o f

t h e

High

C o u r t made on

3 March

1 9 7 6 ,

i s d u e

. i n f a c t u n d e r a n o r d e r

o f

t h e High

C o u r t

made

on

27

O c t o b e r

1 9 7 7 .

T h i s

c i r c u m s t a n c e

i s s a i d t o v i t i a t e t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e .

The f a c t s a r e i n a

n a r r o w compass .

On

27

J u n e 1 9 7 3 t h e

Supreme C o u r t o f

N e w

S o u t h W a l e s

i n i t s E q u i t y

D i v i s i o n

d i s m i s s e d

a

summons

f i l e d by

t h e r e s p o n d e n t

a g a i n s t t h e a p p l i c a n t a n d

o t h e r s

r e l a t i n g t o m a t t e r s a r i s i n g o u t o f

t h e w i n d i n g

u p

o f

a

company

As ia t i c

E l e c t r i c Co.

P t y ,

L i m i t e d

(1n

~ i ~ u i d a t i a n )

a f w h i c h

t h e r e s p o n d e n t

was

t h e l i q u i d a t o r .

The

l i q u i d a t a r

a p p e a l e d t o t h e H i g h

C o u r t

f r o m

t h e o r d e r

o f

t h e Supreme

C o u r t .

On

3

March

1 9 7 6

t h e High

C o u r t

a l l o w e d

t h e a p p e a l

i n p a r t a n d

o r d e r e d t h a t t h e o r d e r o f

t h e Supreme C o u r t OF

N e w

S o u t h Wales

b e

v a r i e d

by

i n s e r t i n g c e r t a i n o r d e r s

i n c l u d i n g a n

o r d e r t h a t t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s p a y

t o t h e

r e s p o n d e n t : .

" t h e

sum

o f

$ 1 7 , 9 6 0 . 9 3

which

was

p a i d

by

A s i a t i c E l e c t r i c Co.

P t y ,

L i m i t e d

by

way

o f

w a g e s

a n d

s a l a r i e s b e t w e e n

1 8 t h March

1 9 6 7

a n d

2nd

J a n u a r y

1 9 6 6 , "

The

H i g h

C o u r t r e m i t t e d

t h e m a t t e r

t o t h e Supreme

C o u r t o f t o t h e q u e s t i o n s b e f o r e me,

N e w

S o u t h

W a l e s

f o r c e r t a i n

p u r p o s e s

i m m a t e r i a l

a n d

o t h e r w i s e

d i s m i s s e d

t h e

a p p e a l .

A p p l i c a t i o n

was

s u b s e q u e n t l y made

t o t h e High

C o u r t

on

27

O c t o b e r

1 9 7 7 when

a n o r d e r was made

by

i t t h a t t h e

. .

./4

j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s p a y

t o t h e r e s p o n d e n t

i n t e r e s t a t

t h e r a t e o f

s i x p e r c e n t u m p e r annum

c a l c u l a t e d f r o m

21

S e p t e m b e r

1 9 7 2 o n

t h e sum

o f

$ 1 7 , 9 6 0 . 9 3 .

T h e

d a t e

21 S e p t e m b e r

1 9 7 2 was' t h e d a t e on

w h i c h

t h e summons

w a s

f i l e d i n t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t

i n i t i a t i n g t h e p r o c e e d i n g s .

I

t u r n t o t h e f i r s t s u b m i s s i o n by

Mr.

C h i p p i n d a l l

the

who

a p p e a r e d

f o r t h e a p p l i c a n t ,

n a m e l y

t h a t / b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e i s a

n u l l i t y b e c a u s e i t

d e s c r i b e s t h e r e l e v a n t

f i n a l o r d e r a s b e i n g

t h a t o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

r a t h e r t h s n

t h e o r d e r o f

t h e S u p r e m e

C o u r t

o f

N e w

S o u t h Wales

a s

v a r i e d b y

t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t .

S e c t i o n 4 1

( 2 )

( a )

( i) o f

t h e B a n k r u p t c y

Act

1 9 6 6

"41 .

( 2 )

t h e p r e s c r i b e d

f o r m

O F

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e s h a l l b e

s u c h t h a t t h e n o t i c e -

( a )

r e q u i r e s t h e d e b t o r named

i n i t , w i t h i n

a

s p e c i f i e d t ime

( b e i n g

t h e time

r e f e r r e d

t o i n s u b - p a r a g r a p h

( i ) o r ( i i ) o f

p a r a g r a p h

( g )

o f

s u b - s e c t i o n

( i) o f

t h e

l a s t

p r e c e d i n g

s e c t i o n ,

w h i c h e v e r

i s

a p p r o p r i a t e )

t o -

(i)

p a y t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r sum

o r d e r e d

t o b e

p a i d

i n a c c o r d a n c e

11

w i t h

t h e j u d g m e n t

o r

o r d e r ; . . .

Mr.

C h i p p i n d a l l l a i d c o n s i d e r a b l e e m p h a s i s

u p o n

t h e f a c t t h a t t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h C o u r t made

o n 3

March

1 9 7 6 i n terms

v a r i e d t h e o r d e r of

. t h e S ~ p r e m e

C o u r t

o f

New

S o u t h Wales

b y

i n s e r t i n g t h e o r ' d e r

t h a t t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s p a y

t o t h e r e s p o n d e n t t h e sum

of

$ 1 7 , 9 6 0 . 9 3 .

He

s u b m i t t e d t h a t t h e o n l y

r e l e v a n t

f i n a l o r d e r i s t h e o r d e r

o f

t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t

a s v a r i e d b y t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

f r o m w h i c h

t h e l i a b i l i t y o f

t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s t o

p a y

t h e r e s p o n d e n t

a r i s e s .

I n my

o p i n i o n . t h e

s u b m i s s i o n

f a i l s .

T h e

s o u r c e

o f

t h e o b l i g a t i o n o f

t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s t o p a y t h a

r e s p o n d e n t

i s t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t .

I t n a t t e r s

n o t t h a t t h e H i g h

C o u r t

o r d e r i n terms

p r o v i d e d

t h a t t h e

o r d e r o f

t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t

b e

v a r i e d by

i n s e r t i n g t h e

o r d e r

f o r p a y m e n t

o f

t h e

$17 ,960 .93 .

T h e

H i g h

C o u r t

h e a r d

a n a p p e a l f r o m

t h e o r d o r o f

t h e S u p r e m e

C o u r t ,

a l l o w e d

t h e a p p e a l i n p a r t a n d

o r d e r e d t h a t t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t ' s

o r d e r

b e v a r i e d i n c e r t a i n r e s p e c t s .

I t was

t h e o r d e r o f t h e

H i g h C o u r t t h a t c a u s e d e

l i a b i l i t y o n

t h e p a r t o f

t h e

j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s t o a r i s e

w h i c h

h a d

n o t e x i s t e d b e f a r e .

I n

my

o p i n i o n

t h e d e s c r i p t i a n o f

t h e o r d e r o f t h e H i g h

C o u r t

i n t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e s a t i s f i e s t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s

o f

S.

4 1

( 2 )

( a ) (i).

Mr.

C h i p p i n d a l l

s u b m i t t e d

t h a t w h a t e v e r

b e

t h e

a n s w e r

t o t h e s u b m i s s i o n

u h i c h

I

h a v e

j u s t m e n t i o n e d ,

t h e

o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

i s n o t

o n e o n

w h i c h

e x e c u t i o n

c o u l d

i s s u e a n d

t h a t i t

h a s b e e n

e s t a b l i s h e d

by

a u t h o r i t y t h a t

u n l e s s a

f i n a l j u d g m e n t

o r o r d e r i s o n e o n

w h i c h

e x e c u t i o n

may

i s s u e i t c a n n o t b e t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t h e i s s u e o f

a

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e ,

He

r e f e r r e d

t o S .

40

( 1 )

( g )

w h i c h

p r o v i d e :

s o f a r as

r e l e v a n t ,

t h a t a

d e b t o r c o m m i t s

a n

a c t

o f

b a n k r u p t c y :

" ( g )

i f a

c r e d i t o r wha

h a s o b t a i n e d a g a i n s t

t h e d e b t o r

a

f i n a l j u d g m e n t

o r f i n a l o r d e r ,

b e i n g

a

j u d ~ m e n t o r o r d e r t h e e x e c u t i o n

o f

w h i c h

h a s n o t b e e n

s t a y e d ,

h a s

s e r v e d o n

t h e d e b t o r

i n A u s t r a l i a . . . a

b a n k s u p t c y

n o t i c e . . . "

He

a l s o r e f e r r e d t o S.

41

(3)

( b ) w h i c h p r o v i d e s

t h a t a

b a n k r u p t , c y

n o t i c e s h a l l n o t

b e i s s u e d i n r e l a t i o n t o

a

d e b t o r : -

" ( b )

i f , a t t

h

time

~

o f

t h e a p p l i c a t i o n

f o r i t s i s s u e ,

e x e c u t i o n

o f

t h e j u d g m e n t

o r o r d e r t o w h i c h

i t

r e l a t e s

h a s b e c n

s t z y e d .

I

u a s r e f e r r e d i n s u p p o r t o f

t h e s u b m i s s i o n

t o

t h e d e c i s i o n o f

C l y n e J.

i n Re

O I K e e f e i

Ex

p a r t e A u s t r a l i a n

F a c t o r s L i m i t e d

1 9 A . B , C .

101

e x p o c i a l l y

a t p.

1 0 3 a n d

-

t h e d e c i s i o n

o f

R i l e y J.

i n Re

P a n n o w i t z ;

Ex

p a r t e U i l s o n

-

( 1 9 7 5 )

6

A . L . R .

2 8 7 ,

Mr,

C h i p p i n d a l l

s u b m i t t e d

t h a t

a l t h o u g h e x e c u t i o n c e r t a i n l y c o u l d i s s u e o n

a

f i n a l o r d e r

o f

t h e S u p r e m e

C o u r t o f

N e w

S o u t h

Wales

a s v a r i e d b y

t h e

o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t ,

e x e c u t i o n

c o u l d n a t i s s u e o n

. t h e o r d e r o f

t h e I i i gh

C o u r t

a l o n e a n d

i t

is t h a t o r d e r

w h i c h

i s r e f e r r e d

t o i n t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e .

A l t h o u g h

t h e ' l a n g u a g e o f

t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

i s " t h a t

t h e o r d e r

o f

t h e S u p r e m a

C o u r t

o f

N e w

S o u t h

W a l e s

b e

v a r i e d

by

i n s e r t i n g . . . ( c )

a n o r d e r t h a t t h e

r e s p o n d e n t s

Raymond

J o s e p h

Wirnborne

a n d

D a v i d

J o h n

Wimborne"

(i .e.

t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s )

!!pay

t o t h e a p p e l l a n t r !

( i .e .

t h e r e s p o n d e n t i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n b e f o r e me)

I t t h e

s u n

o f

$17 ,960. .93

w h i c h

was

p a i d b y

A s i a t i c

E l e c t r i c

Co.

P t y .

L i m i t e d

b y

way

o f

w a g e s

a n d

s a l a r i e s

b e t w e e n

1 8 t h March

1 9 6 7 and

2 n d J a n u a r y 196811,

t h e e f f e c t o f t h e o r d e r i s t h a t

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

h a s o r d e r e d

t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s t o p a y

t o

t h e r e s p o n d e n t

t h e sum

o f

$17 ,960 .93 .

T h e

p o s i t i o n

w o u l d

b e

d i f f e r e n t i f t h e H i g h

C o u r t

h a d

r e m i t t e d

t o t h e S u p r e m a

C o u r t

o f

New

S o u t h W a l e s

f o r a s s e s s m e n t

t h e a m o u n t

o f

m o n e y s

p a i d

b y

A s i a t i c

E l e c t r i c C O ,

P t y ,

L i m i t e d

by

way

o f w a g e s

a n d

s a l a r i e s

b e t w e e n

t h e t w o

d a t e s s t i p u l a t e d i n t h e o r d e r ,

What

t h e High

C o u r t d i d was

t o e x e r c i s e t h e p o w e r

c o n f e r r e d

u p o n

i t

b y

S.

37

o f

t h e J u d i c i a r y Act

b y m o d i f y i n g

t h e o r d e r o f

t h e .Supreme C o u r t ,

T h e

o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

h a s

e f f e c t a n d

may

b e e x e c u t e d t h r o u g h o u t

t h e Ccfn~monwealth

o f

i t s own

f o r c e :

S e e S.

2 5 o f t h e J u d i c i a r y Act

1 9 0 3

-

a n d a l s o S.

26

o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t P r o c e d u r e A c t

(1903) .

I f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

w i s h e d

t o d o s o i t

c o u l d

h a v e i n v o k e d

t h e

p o w e r s

a s t o e x e c u t i o n

s p e c i f i c a l l y m e n t i o n e d

i n S.

37

o f

t h e J u d i c i a r y A c t .

-

I n my

o p i n i o n

t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t i s o n e

u p o n

w h i c h

e x e c u t i o n may

i s s u e a n d may

f o u n d

t h e i s s u e o f

a

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e .

I n my

o p i n i o n

t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e i s n o t d e f e c t i v e

by

r e a s o n

o f

t h e d e s c r i p t i o n

o f

t h e f i n a l o r d e r a s b e i n g

t h e o r d e r o f

t h e High ' C o u r t .

T h e r e was

c o n s i k r a b l e

a r g u m e n t b e f o r e me,

o n

t h e

a s s u m p t i o n

t h a t t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f

t h e r e l e v a n t

f i n a l o r d e r

a s b e i n g

t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t was

m i s t a k e n ,

a s t o

w h e t h e r

t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e was

t h e r e b y

i n v a l i d a t e d o r

s a v e d b y t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f S .

306

o f t h e Act,

A l t h o u g h

i t i s n o t

n e c e s s a r y

f o r me

t o d e t e r m i n e

t h i s q u e s t i o n ,

a s I

h a v e

r e a c h e d

t h e o o n c l u s i o n t h a t t h e

a s s u m p t i o n

i s n o t

well

f o u n d e d ,

n ~ v e r t h e l e s s

I

s h a l l d o s o

a s t h e q u e s t i o n was

a r g u e d f u l l y on

b e h a l f

o f

t h e p a r t i e s .

T h e

c o u r t s h a v e

s a i d time

a n d time

a g a i n t h a t

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e s m u s t

c o n f o r m

s t r i c t l y t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s

o f t h e b a n k r u p t c y

l e g i s l a t i o n a n d r u l e s of

c o u r t ;

see J a n e s -

!

F.

C .

o f -

T.

(1955)

9 3 C.L.R.

631

e s p e c i a l l y p e r W i l l i a m s ,

K i t t o anci T a y l o r J J .

a t p.

644;

I n Re

Howes;

Ex

p a r t e l-lughe:

1 8 9 2 2

0.5.

6 2 8 ;

Irl

Re

O.C.S.

( a d e b t o r ) ;

Ex p a r t e The Debtc

1 9 0 4 2

K . B .

1 6 1 ;

Re

O f K e e f e ;

Ex

p a r t e A u s t r z l i a n

F a c t a r s

L i m i t e d

( s u p r a )

a n d

Re

M e l l i c k

( 1 9 7 1 )

1 9 F.L.R.

1.

S e c t i o n 306

p r o v i d e s . s o

f a r a s

r e l e v a n t : -

11306 ( l )

P r o c e e d i n g s u n d e r

t h i s Act

a r e

n o t i n v a l i d a t e d b y

a

f o r m a l d e f e c t o r a n

i r r e g u l a r i t y ,

u n l e s s

t h e c o u r t

b e f o r e w h i c h

t h e o b j e c t i o n o n

t h a t ' g r o u n d i s made

i s a f

o p i n i o n

t h a t s u b s t a n t i a l i n j u s t i c e h a s b e e n

c a u s e d b y

t h e d e f e c t o r i r r e g u l a r i t y a n d

t h a t

t h e i n j u s t i c e c a n n o t

b e r e m e d i e d

b y

a n o r d e r

o f

t h a t c o u r t .

A

" f o r m a l

d e f e c t c;

a n y

i r r e g u l a r i t y "

i s o n e t h a t

c o u l d n o t

r e a s o n a b l y

m i s l e a d

t h e d e b t o r ,

I f

t h e d e f e c t

i s o f

s u c h

a

k i n d

a s c o u l d r e a s o n a b l y

m i s l e a d

t h e d e b t o r

u p o n

whom

i t

was

s e r v e d t h e d e f e c t i s

f a t a l t o t h e n o t i c e :

see I n Re

A

D e b t o r

( N O .

21

o f

1 9 5 0 U x p a r t e

The

D e b t o r v.

-

-

-

Bowmaker

L i m i t e d

1 9 5 1 Ch.

3 1 3 a n d

P i l l a i v .

C o n - p t r o l l e r

o f

II--

I n c o m e

Tax

1 9 7 0 A.C.

1 1 2 4 a t p.

1 1 3 5 .

-

T h e

t e s t

i s n o t

w h e t h e r t h e d e b t o r was

i n f a c t

m i s l e d ,

I t i s s u f f i c i e n t t h a t h e c o u l d . b e mis l ed .

I n

Jarnes

v.

F.

C ,

o f T.

( s u p r a )

W i l l i a r n s ,

K i t t o a n d

T a y l o r S J .

s a i d a t p.

644:-

"The

C o u r t

c a n n o t

i n q u i r e

w h e t h e r

t h e d e b t o r

h a s i n f a c t b e e n

m i s l e d

o r n o t .

I n t h i s

case

i t i s p r o b a b l e t h a t h e was

n o t m i s l e d .

I t i s s u f f i c i e n t t h a t h e c o u l d

b e

I n Re

A

J u d g m e n t

----

D e b t o r

1 9 0 8 2

K.B.

4 7 4

Kennedy

L,J.

s a i d a t p.

481:-

"In

t h e f i r s t p l a c e o n e h a s n o t t o d e t e r m i n e

t h e v a l i d i t y o r i n v a l i d i t y o f

t h e n o t i c e by

c o n s i d e r i n g

w h e t h e r

t h e d e b t o r

t o whom

t h a

n o t i c e i s

g i v e n

h a s i n f a c t b e e n

m i s l e d .

I t

i s s u f f i c i e n t t h a t t h e r e i s g o o d

g r o u n d

f o r

s a y i n g

t h a t t h e d e b t o r

m i g h t

b e m i s l e d .

T h a t

i s , I

t h i n k ,

s e t t l e d b y

a u t h o r i t y .

S e c o n d l y ,

i n j u d g i n g

o f

t h e p r o b a b i l i t y o f

t h e d e b t o r

b e i n g

r n i s l o d

o n e i s bound

n o t t o d e a l t o o l i b e r a l l y

w i t t - .

t h e

r e q u i s i t e s o f

t h e n o t i c e b e c a u s e

of

t h e q u a s i

p e n a l

c o n s e q u e n c e s

w h i c h

a

b a n k r u p t c y

i n v o l v e s . H

I t i s wel l

e s t a b l i s h e d

t h a t t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r

t h e d e b t o r

s e r v e d

w i t h

t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e c o u l d b e m i s l e d

t h e c o u r t may

l o o k

a t f a c t s e x t r a n e o u s t o t h e n o t i c e i t s e l f .

T h e r e

a r e

many

cases

w h e r e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e s

h a v e

b e e n

h e l d

t o b e i n v a l i d a s t h e y r e q u i r e p a y m e n t

o f

p a r t o f

a

j u d g m e n t

d e b t ,

l e a v i n g

a n y b a l a n c e t h a t may

b e d u e t o b e

s u b s e q u e n t l y

c l a i m e d .

T h e

v e r y

g r o u n d

o f

i n v a l i d i t y n e c e s s a r i l y

p r e -

s u p p o s e s

t h a t t h e t r u e f a c t s a s t o t h e a m o u n t

o f

t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t h a v e

b e e n

c o n s i d e r e d

by

t h e c o u r t

a n d

m e a s u r e d

a g a i n s t

t h e f a c t s

s t a t e d i n t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e .

S e e

f o r i n s t a n c e

Re

Jack ;

Ex

p a r t e C .

V .

H o l l a n d

( ~ o l d i n q s )

L i m i t e d

( 1 9 5 9 ) ,

-

1 9 A.B.C.

268;

Re

Muhson;

Ex

p a r t e D e p u t y

C o m m i s s i o n e r

o f

T a x a t i o n

29 F.L.R.

4'79;

Re

S c h i e r h o l t e r ;

Ex

p a r t e Ceis

( 1 9 7 8 )

1 9 A.L .R .

1 1 3 .

Cases

w h e r e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e s

h a v e

b e e n

h e l d

t o b e i n v a l i d w h i c h

r e q u i r e d

p a y m e n t

o n l y o f

t h a t p a r t

o f

a ' j u d g m e n t d e b t w h i c h

h a d

b e e n

a s s i g n e d

i n c l u d e

N i r e n s v.

F o w l e r

A s p h a l t

P t y .

L i m i t e d

(1966)

9

F.L.R.

255 .

S o m e t i m e s i t i s n o t

n e c e s s a r y

f o r t h e c o u r t

t o l o o k

a t f a c t s e x t r a n e o u s t o t h e n o t i c e a s t h e d e f e c t may

b e a p p a r e n

o n

t h e f a ce o f

t h e n o t i c e .

F o r

i n s t a n c e ,

i n Re

M a n i o n ,

a

-

d e c i s i o n

o f

m i n e

d e l i v e r e d o n

5

F e b r u a r y

1979 ,

t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e t h e r e u n d e r

c o n s i d e r a t i o n w a s

h e l d

t o b e i n v a l i d

b e c a u s e

m a t e r i a l w o r d s

i n t h e d o c u m e n t

were

i l l e g i b l e .

Mr.

C h i p p i n d a l l

s u b m i t t e d

t h a t t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s

c o u l d

b e m i s l e d ,

c o n f u s e d

o r p e r p l e x e d

by

t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e b e c a u s e

o f t h e d e s c r i p t i o n af

t h e f i n a l o r d e r a s b e i n g

W .

. / l 0

t h a t o f t h e H i g h C o u r t and n o t o f t h e

Supreme

C o u r t o f

New

S o u t h Wales

as

v a r i e d b y t h e o r d e r

of

t h e

H i g h C o u r t .

I n

my

o p i n i o n t h a t

s u b m i s s i o n

f a i l s .

The

o r d e r s o f t h e Supreme C o u r t o f New

South Wales

and

o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t

a r e i n ev idence ,

t e n d e r e d on

b e h a l f

of

t h e

a p p l i c a n t

w i t h o u t

o b j e c t i o n

b y

t h e r e s p o n d e n t ,

They

e s t a b l i s h t h a t

t h e judgment

d e b t o r s

(who

i n c l u d e d ,

o f coursE

t h e a p p l i c a n t )

r e s i s t e d t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f

t h e

r e s p o n d e n t

r e l a t i n g t o t h e i r i n v o l v e m e n t

w i t h

A s i a t i c E l e c t r i c Co.

P t y .

L i m i t e d

(1n

~ i q u i d a t i o n )

i n t h e Supreme C o u r t of'

New

South

Wales

E q u i t y D i v i s i o n .

The

h e a r i n g was

l e n g t h y ,

o v e r

some

n i n e days,

many

documents were t e n d e r e d i n ev idence ,

and 1 8

w i t n s s s e s

gave

o r a l ' e v i d e n c e ,

i n c l u d i n g t h e

a p p l i c a n t .

A

l

l

p a r t i e s were

r e p r e s e n t e d b y

b o t h

s e n i o r

and

j u n i o r

counse l .

The

Supreme

C o u r t

o r d e r

r e c o r d e d

a d m i s s i o n s made

by

t h e

judgment

d e b t o r s ,

o b v i o u s l y

on

t h e i r

i n s t r u c t i o n s .

I n t h e a p p e a l

t o t h e

H i g h C o u r t

t h e judgment

deb to r :

were

r e p r e s e n t e d b y

b o t h s e n i o r

and

j u n i o r

c o u n s e l and

t h e

a p p e a l

e x t e n d e d o v e r

some

two

days.

Judgment

was

g i v e n on

3

March

1976.

The

r e s p o n d e n t

a p p l i e d

t o t h e

H i g h C o u r t

on

27

O c t o b e r

1977

f o r an

o r d e r

t h a t t h e judgment

d e b t o r s pay

i n t e r e s t on t h e sum of

$17,960.93,

and on t h e same day t h e

H i g h C o u r t

o r d e r e d t h a t i n t e r e s t ,

a t t h e

r a t e o f 6% p e r

annum

c a l c u l a t e d f rom

21

September 1972,

on t h e s a i d sum

b e

p a i d by t h e judgment

d e b t o r s t o t h e responden t ,

and t h a t t

h

~

c o s t s o f

t h e judgment

d e b t o r s

of

t h a t a p p l i c a t i o n be p a i d b)

t h e

responden t .

The

judgment

d e b t o r s

were

r e p r e s e n t e d on

t h a t

a p p l i c a t i o n by

j u n i o r

c o u n s e l .

I

m e n t i o n

t h e s e m a t t e r s b e c a u s e

i n my

o p i n i o n

t h e y

e s t a b l i s h t h a t t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s c o u l d

n o t h a v e

b e e n m i s l e d

by

t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f

t h a f i n a l o r d z r i n t h e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e b e i n g

t h a t

o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t .

They

m u s t

h a v e known

t h a t t h e o r d e r o f

t h e

S u p r e m e

C o u r t

o f

N e w

S o u t h

Wales

w a s

v a r i e d by

t h e H i g h

C o u r t i n t h e terms

t o w h i c h

I

h a v e

r e f e r r e d

a l r e a d y .

I t i s c l e a r f r o m t h e cases

t o w h i c h

I

h a v e r e f e r r e d

t h a t ,

a l t h o u g h

t h e c o u r t s d r a w

a

d e T i n i t e d i s t i n c t i o n

b e t w e e r

t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f

t h e d e b t o r b e i n g m i s l e d a n d

t h e q u e s t i o n

w h e t h e r

h e was

m i s l e d i n f a c t ,

t h e l a t t e r b e i n g an

i m p e r m i s s i b l e

f i e l d o f

e n q u i r y ,

it

i s t h e c a p a c i t y o f

t h e

b a n l c r u p t c y

n o t i c e t o ' m i s l e a d t h e d e b t o r t o whom

t h e n o t i c e

i s d i r e c t e d t h a t matters ,

n o t s o m e

h y p o t h e t i c a l

d e b t o r .

H e n c e

t h e r e l e v a n c e o f

t h e f a c t s r e l a t i n g t o t h e c o n d u c t

o f

t h e p r o c e e d i n g s

i n t h e S u p r e m e

C o u r t

o f

N e w

S o u t h Wales

a n d

t h e H i g h

C o u r t a s

g l e a n e d

f r o m

t h e o r d e r s o f

t h o s e c o u r t :

a n d

f o r m i n g p a r t o f

t h e e v i d e n c e i n t h i s a p p l i c a t i o n .

Mr.

C h i p p i n d a l l ' s

f i n a l s u b m i s s i o n was

t h a t t h e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e c o u l d m i s l e a d

t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s i n

t h a t i t

r e f e r s t o t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t made

o n

3 R a r c t

1 9 7 6 a s t h e s o u r c e o f

t h e l i a b i l i t y o f

t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s

t o p a y

$6,734.28

i n t e r e s t r a t h e r t h a n t h e o r d e r o f

t h e H i g h

C o u r t made

o n

27

O c t o b e r

1 9 7 7 .

T h i s c o n s t i t u t e s a

d e f e c t

i n t h e b a n k r u p t c y .

T h e

q u e s t i o n

i s w h e t h e r

t h e d e f e c t i s

f a t a l t o i t s v a l i d i t y .

T h e

f a c t s a s

t o t h e p r o c e e d i n g s

b e f o r e b o t h t h e

S u p r e m e

C o u r t

a n d

t h e

H i g h

C o u r t ,

w h i c h

I

h a v e

m e n t i o n e d

a l r e a d y ,

c l e a r l y e s t a b l i s h t h a t t h e j u d g m e n t

d e b t o r s

m u s t

h a v e known

t h a t i t was

t h e l a t e r o r d e r a f t h e H ign

C o u r t

t h a t e s t a b l s i h e d t h e i r l i a b i l i t y t o p a y i n t e r e s t .

T h e y

c o u l d

n o t h a v e

b e e n

m i s l e d

by

t h e m i s t a t e m e n t

i n t h e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e .

A c c o r d i n g l y ,

S.

306

s a v e s t h e b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e f rom

i n v a l i d i t y .

I n my

o p i n i o n

t h e a p p l i c a t i o n t o s e t a s i d e t h e

b a n k r u p t c y

n o t i c e f a i l s .

I

n r d e r t h a t t h e a p p l i c a t i o n b e

d i s m i s s e d

a n d

o r d e r t h e a p p l i c a n t

t o p a y

t h e r e s p o n d e n t ' s

c o s t s o f

t h e a p p l i c a t i o n i n c l u d i n g

r e s e r v e d

c o s t s .

I cer:i!-y tbs! i ; : ; ~

oyi l

;;?e

p r ~ c c d i r . ~ ~

::F;~;:S C:? a ::S:

C C F ~

c f t!10

Ri-?ar.sns fzr :c:!;-cr;t

herein cf his Honour

/

h::.

J~s: ice

L c ~ k k c r t .

( Dated: , g p 9 1 7

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