Electricity (General) Regulations 1996 (SA)
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
1. Citation
2. Commencement
3. Revocation
4. Interpretation
5. Interpretation of certain terms used in Act
6. Exemptions
7. Licence fees and returns
8. Carrying out certain work on public land
9. Purpose of Division
10. Quality of electricity supply
11. General requirements for electricity infrastructure
12. Aerial lines
13. Underground lines
14. Substations
15. Earthing and electrical protection systems
16. Electrical installations
17. Certain electrical installation work and certificates of compliance
18. Basic safety principle
19. Application of Subdivision
20. Employer must ensure work can be performed safely
21. Employer to provide competent assistant
SUBDIVISION 3—WORK ON OR NEAR EXPOSED HIGH VOLTAGE
22. Application of Subdivision
23. Work on or near exposed high voltage conductors or electrical equipment
24. Electrical work by direct contact with exposed high voltage conductors, etc.
25. Electrical work by indirect contact with exposed high voltage conductors, etc.
26. Application of Subdivision
27. Carrying out of live line work
28. Rescue and resuscitation training
29. Employer must ensure suitability of testing instruments
30. Reporting of accidents
31. Interpretation
32. Application of Part
33. Preliminary steps to be taken before installation of cathodic protection system
34. Conditional operation of cathodic protection system
35. Tests before operating cathodic protection system
36. Further tests during operation of cathodic protection system
37. Testing measurement of consumption of electricity
38. Inaccurate measuring
39. Register of underground lines
40. Protection of underground lines
41. Entangled objects
42. Excavating and altering levels
43. Prohibition of certain activities in proximity to powerlines, service lines and other cable systems
44. Placement of materials
45. Transportation
46. Interference and obstruction
47. General penalty
48. Fees for reinspection, etc.
(Regulation 10)
SCHEDULE 2
(Regulation 12)
SCHEDULE 3
(Regulation 13)
SCHEDULE 4
(Regulation 14)
SCHEDULE 5
(Regulation 15)
SCHEDULE 6
being
No. 253 of 1996:
1 Came into operation 1 January 1997: reg. 2.
comes into operation.
"
"
any one of the conductors of a power system which is maintained at a difference of potential from— | ||||
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if a power system does not include a neutral or earthed conductor—all conductors; |
"
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Standards Association of Australia from time to time;
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current;
"
"
1 000 volts alternating current ("
"
the flow of current between conductors at different potentials;
"
is wholly covered with insulating material in accordance with the appropriate requirements of the relevant Approval and Test specification of an Australian Standard; or | |
is of a type approved by the Technical Regulator; |
"
earthing conductors; and | |
copper sheaths of Mineral Insulated Metal Sheathed (" | |
neutral busbars or links in installations where the multiple earthed neutral system is employed; and | |
parts connected to the neutral; |
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"
the parts of an electrical installation required by AS 3000 to be earthed—
are connected to the general mass of earth; and | |
are connected within the installation to the neutral conductor of the supply system; |
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"
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telecommunication and control cables; or | |
aerial earthed cables; or | |
electrolysis drainage cables, |
attached to, or in the vicinity of, structures supporting cables under the control of an
electricity entity;
"
powerline—
constructed or designed or ordinarily used for the supply of electricity at low voltage; and | |
through which electricity is or is intended to be supplied by an electricity entity to a customer from the transmission or distribution network of the entity; |
"
controlled or transformed;
"
"
portions which are erected above the ground.
(2) If—
it is a requirement of these regulations that a standard, code, guide or other document, as published from time to time, be complied with; and | |
a variation to the standard, code, guide or other document is published, |
it is sufficient compliance with the requirement during the period of 6 months from publication of the variation if the standard, code, guide or other document, as last published without that variation, is complied with.
(3) A provision contained in a standard, code, guide or other document that is required to be complied with under these regulations is not, despite that requirement, to be taken to be a mandatory provision for the purposes of these regulations unless it is expressed in mandatory terms.
(4) In subregulations (2) and (3), a reference to a standard, code, guide or other document includes a reference to a part of a standard, code, guide or other document.
(2) For the purposes of the definition of
a customer selling electricity on to another customer if the other customer does not pay a higher price for the electricity than would have been paid had that other customer purchased the electricity directly from the person who supplied the electricity to the first customer; | |
a customer charging for the supply of electricity if the charge forms an unspecified part of rent or charges for the occupation or use of premises; | |
a holder of a licence authorising the operation of an electricity generating plant charging a fee for supplying electricity to another person who is the holder of a licence authorising the operation of a transmission or distribution network. |
the generator has a rated nameplate output of 100 kVA or less; or | |
the person does not supply electricity for reward to or by means of a transmission or distribution network; or | |
the electricity is generated only for the person’s own consumption. |
(2) A person who carries on the operation of a transmission or distribution network is not required to be licensed under the Act if the network transmits or distributes electricity only for that person’s own consumption or for the consumption of others who, in pursuance of rights deriving (whether immediately or otherwise) from that person, occupy or use land or premises served by the network.
(3) However, a person exempted under subsection (1) or (2) from the requirement to be licensed in respect of the operation of a plant or network must comply with any requirement imposed by or under the Act or these regulations as if it were an electricity entity licensed under the Act in respect of the operation of the plant or network.
(2) For the purposes of section 20(2) of the Act, an annual return must be lodged—
on or before the last day of the ninth month after the licence was granted; | |
thereafter, on or before the last day of the month in each year that is the same month as the month in which the first return was lodged. |
(3) For the purposes of section 20(5) of the Act, the penalty for default—
for failing to pay a licence fee, or an instalment of a licence fee, is 10% per annum of the outstanding amount calculated daily on a cumulative basis; | |
for failing to lodge an annual return is $500. |
work in an emergency; or | |
maintenance or repairs of existing electricity infrastructure, including any necessary excavation or removal of obstructions; or | |
(c) | replacementofexistingelectricityinfrastructurewiththesameorequivalent infrastructure; or |
(d) | alterationsoradditionstoexistingelectricityinfrastructurenotinvolvingany significant enlargement of the area of public land occupied by the infrastructure or any significant change in appearance; or |
relocation of a pole or supporting structure in an existing electricity cable system. |
(2) For the purposes of section 47(6) of the Act, agreement is not required under section 47(3) of the Act for—
erection of pad-mount transformers and switching cubicles in connection with the installation of underground lines; or | |
installation or relocation of electricity infrastructure as a part of road reconstruction. |
the voltage fluctuations that occur at a customer’s point of supply are generally contained within the limits set out in AS 2279; and | |
the harmonic voltage distortion at a customer’s point of supply generally does not exceed the values set out in Tables 1, 2 and 3 in Schedule 1; and | |
the voltage unbalance factor in three phase supplies generally does not exceed the values set out in Table 4 in Schedule 1. |
(2) Each active conductor of a high voltage powerline or other high voltage equipment must be protected by an automatic disconnecting device.
(3) Electricity infrastructure must be connected to earth.
(4) The points at which electricity infrastructure is connected to earth must be such as to permit the connection of devices for protecting the system against earth faults.
carry out the work and examine and test the installation— | ||||
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when satisfied that the work has been carried out in accordance with AS 3000 and any such other standards and requirements, complete a certificate of compliance in a form approved by the Technical Regulator to that effect. |
(2) The person must—
provide a copy of the completed certificate of compliance to— | ||||
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keep a copy of the completed certificate of compliance for at least 5 years after the completion of the work. |
isolated and proved to be de-energised; and | |
if they are high voltage conductors—earthed. |
by indirect contact with exposed live high or low voltage conductors or exposed live parts of high or low voltage electrical equipment; or | |
in proximity to exposed live high or low voltage conductors or exposed live parts of high or low voltage electrical equipment; or | |
by direct contact with exposed live low voltage conductors or exposed live parts of low voltage electrical equipment; or | |
on de-energised exposed conductors or exposed parts of electrical equipment if there is a possibility of the conductors or parts becoming live, |
unless the work is necessary to avoid a possible danger to life or serious personal injury.
insulated tools and equipment; and | |
equipment and plant designed and made in accordance with recognised electricity industry practice; and | |
safe work practices. |
is competent to help in carrying out the electrical work; and | |
is competent to rescue and provide resuscitation to a person who has stopped breathing or is unconscious because of electric shock; and | |
has, to the satisfaction of the employer, displayed a suitable knowledge of rescue and resuscitation and of the type of work to be performed. |
(2) A person is competent for the purposes of subregulation (1) if the person has been suitably trained in the work required to be performed and has received, in the previous 12 months, training in—
resuscitation; and | |
releasing a person from live electrical apparatus; and | |
if appropriate, rescuing a person from a pole, structure or elevated work platform; and | |
if appropriate, rescuing a person from a confined space. |
isolated from all sources of electricity supply; and | |
tests are conducted to ensure they are isolated from all sources of electricity supply; and | |
earthed. |
(2) If any such conductor or equipment cannot be directly contacted to prove isolation from all sources of electricity supply, it is sufficient if—
the conductor or equipment includes an earthing switch designed to be safely operated if the high voltage conductor or equipment has not been isolated from all sources of supply; and | |
the employer has given written instructions that, if complied with, will isolate the conductor or equipment from all sources of electricity supply. |
the person— | ||||
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the person works beyond the approach limits set out in this regulation. |
(2) However, the person may work within the approach limits if—
the work can be carried out safely in any of the following circumstances: | ||||||
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the person’s employer has given the person written instructions, either generally or in a particular case, about the work and the precautions to be taken. |
(3) For the purposes of this regulation, the approach limits for a person, an article of clothing worn by a person, or a conductive object held or carried by a person, are set out below—
(in metres) | (in metres) | |
Not more than 1000V | 0.3 | 0.3 |
More than 1000V but not more than 11kV | 0.6 | 0.6 |
More than 11kV but not more than 33kV | 0.7 | 0.9 |
66kV | 1.0 | 1.4 |
132kV | 1.4 | 2.4 |
275kV | 2.2 | 4.0 |
where— |
approach limit A applies to a person suitably qualified and trained as a powerline worker; | |
approach limit B applies to a person who has been instructed in the identification of high and low voltage overhead conductors and the safety aspects of work near live powerlines. |
(2) An electricity infrastructure operator may authorise a person to carry out live line work if the operator is satisfied the person—
has successfully finished a course of training approved by the Technical Regulator; and | |
has been assessed by the training provider as competent to carry out the work. |
(3) The voltage of the powerlines on which live line work is carried out must be as stated by the electricity infrastructure operator in the authorisation.
(4) The electricity infrastructure operator must conduct assessments regularly of a person authorised to carry out live line work to ensure the person remains competent to carry out the work.
the test instruments used are designed for and capable of correctly performing the required tests; and | |
each testing instrument is tested and calibrated to ensure it is in proper working order; and | |
records of tests performed are kept for at least two years. |
in the case of a death resulting from the accident—immediately by telephone; | |
in the case of a person requiring medical assistance resulting from the accident—within 1 working day of the accident; | |
in any other case—within 10 working days of the accident. |
31. In this Part—
" |
normally continuous and electrically conducting; and | |
laid in ground or water, but not electrically connected to or forming part of the primary circuit of the cathodic protection system; and | |
likely to be adversely affected by the system; |
electrical terms are the terms as they apply for direct current. |
32. (1) This Part does not apply to a cathodic protection system installed on—
a floating mobile structure; or | |
fishing equipment; or | |
a fixed off shore structure not connected with land above sea level. |
(2) This Part does not apply to a cathodic protection system installed on an internal surface of an apparatus, equipment or structure to which Part 4 of AS 2832.4 refers.
34. (1) The owner of a cathodic protection system must not operate the system unless—
the system is operated in accordance with this Part; and | |
the system is tested in accordance with this Part; and | |
the owners of foreign structure, whom the owner of the system is required to advise, have agreed that interference mitigation is satisfactory or is not required. |
(2) Despite subregulation (1), a person may operate a cathodic protection system for a reasonable period to perform tests in accordance with this Part.
interference tests on all relevant foreign structures; | |
if the system has an anode immersed in water or a marine environment—tests to ensure that the potential difference between any 2 accessible points spaced 1 metre apart in the water or marine environment is not more than 3V when the system is energised. |
(2) The tests must be based on the maximum value of the current at which the cathodic protection system will operate (other than during short term testing).
(3) The owner of the cathodic protection system must—
make arrangements for the tests under which the tests are carried out at a time agreed with all relevant foreign structure owners and those foreign structure owners are allowed to observe the carrying out of the tests; and | |
provide all facilities and equipment and bear all costs associated with the tests. |
36. The owner of—
a cathodic protection system in which the current flowing between the cathodically protected structure and the anode is supplied by an external source; or | |
any cathodic protection system with a total anode mass greater than 25 kg, |
must perform interference tests in accordance with this Part on relevant foreign structures—
any time an anode forming part of the system is replaced; and | |
any time the system or its method of operation is changed. |
(2) The electricity entity may—
require the request to be made in writing; and | ||||
before testing, require the customer to pay— | ||||
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(3) The electricity entity must advise the customer when and where the test is to be carried out and the customer, or a person nominated by the customer, may be present during the test.
(4) A meter must be tested where it is installed, except in the case of a meter used for metering high voltages or current transformers which may be taken away for testing at a place determined by the electricity entity.
(5) The electricity entity must, as soon as practicable after a test on a meter has been conducted, give written notice to the customer of the test results.
(6) If the test shows the meter is registering incorrectly, the electricity entity must—
include in the notice the extent to which the registration falls outside the allowable margin; and | |
refund the test fee to the customer; and | |
adjust the previous relevant electricity accounts to reflect the actual or a reasonable estimation of the electricity supplied. |
(2) However, an electricity entity may, unless prevented from doing so by a condition of the entity’s licence, agree a different allowable margin with a customer.
(2) The transmission or distribution network operator in an area must be notified by any other electricity entity of the nature and precise location of any line installed underground in the area by that other entity and that information must be recorded in the register kept by the network operator under subregulation (1).
(3) The register must be made available for inspection by a member of the public during
normal business hours.
place or maintain, or cause to be placed or maintained, any corrosive, abrasive, heavy or deleterious material or substance above any underground line; or | |
make any opening in the ground surface that may endanger any underground line, |
without the written authority of the operator of the electricity infrastructure of which the line forms
part.
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
42. A person must not, without the written authority of the electricity infrastructure
operator—
cut away, excavate or remove, or cause to be cut away, excavated or removed, earth or material supporting electricity infrastructure so as to endanger the stability of the infrastructure; or | ||||
make an excavation deeper than 1800 mm within 3000 mm of, or deeper than 900 mm within 1500 mm of— | ||||
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make an excavation deeper than 900 mm within 15000 mm of, or deeper than 300 mm within 1500 mm of any tower or tower structure supporting electricity infrastructure; or | ||||
make an excavation deeper than 300 mm within 600 mm of any wall, fence or foundation of a substation; or | ||||
place any soil, stone, rock or filling or construct any artificial surface above ground level— | ||||
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in a manner that may alter the level of the ground at any place so as to infringe any permissible clearance distance under these regulations. |
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
43. (1) A person must not, without the written authority of the electricity infrastructure
operator—
erect or maintain a building or structure closer than the relevant distance set out in Table 1 in Schedule 6 to any point to which a powerline or service line or other cable system may swing or sag; or | |
place or maintain any material within the relevant distance set out in Table 2 in Schedule 6 to any point to which a powerline or service line or other cable system may swing or sag; or | |
operate a machine, vehicle or vessel equipped with an elevating component or shear legs so that any part of the vehicle or its load comes within the distances set out in Table 3 in Schedule 6 to any point which a powerline or service line or other cable system may swing or sag; or | |
attach or keep attached to electricity infrastructure any conductors of circuits or other cable system; or | |
erect or maintain conductors of circuits, or other cable system, so as to cross the circuit of a powerline, or other cable system, unless clearances in excess of the distance set out in Table 4 in Schedule 6 can be maintained; or | |
erect a circuit or other cable system unless the clearance in any direction from the circuit or system to any structure forming part of electricity infrastructure (other than a structure supporting the circuit or system) is greater than the distance set out in Table 5 in Schedule 6. |
44. A person must not, without the written authority of the electricity infrastructure
operator—
place or maintain any timber or inflammable material within 3000 mm in any direction of a wall or fence surrounding a substation or switch yard; or | |
impede access to any door, gate or entrance of a substation or switch yard or interfere in any way with the free flow of air through any openings or fittings used for ventilation in the walls of substations or switch yards; or | |
place or maintain any material adjacent to a wall or fence of a substation or switch yard so as to enable unauthorised access. |
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
45. (1) A person who transports (the "transporter ") anything in the vicinity of a powerline
must ensure that—
at all times during transportation the distance between the load transported and the powerline is greater than the distance set out in Table 6 in Schedule 6; | |
arrangements satisfactory to the operator of the electricity infrastructure of which the powerline is part have been made before, and are observed during, transportation. |
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
(2) A transporter must give written notice of intention to undertake the transportation to the electricity infrastructure operator at least 3 clear business days before the commencement of the transportation with the notice clearly stating—
the nature of the vehicle and the load; and | |
the height of the load; and | |
the date and the time of the proposed movement; and | |
the starting point and finishing point of the transportation; and | |
the proposed route; and | |
the name and contact address of the transporter; and | |
the transporter will meet all reasonable costs incurred by the other person as a result of the transportation; and | |
any other particulars which the operator may in the circumstances require. |
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
(3) The transporter is liable for all costs incurred by the electricity infrastructure operator as a result of the transportation.
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
(2) A person must not interfere with or damage the surface of a road made by an electricity infrastructure operator that is used for the purposes of works.
Maximum penalty: $2 500.
Expiation fee: $210.
(3) An electricity infrastructure operator may, without notice to the owner, remove anything which causes or may cause a danger to people or property using or on the road.
Maximum penalty: $5 000.
Expiation fee: $315.
(2) The Technical Regulator may recover a fee payable under subregulation (1) as a debt by action in a court of competent jurisdiction.
Individual Odd Harmonics | 4 |
Individual Even Harmonics | 2 |
Total Harmonic Distortion | 5 |
3 1.0
5 0.9
7 0.9
9 0.8
11 0.8
13 0.7
15 0.6
17 0.5
19 0.5
21 0.4
23 0.4
25 0.3
27-49 | 0.2 |
Total (Odd + Even) | 1.5 |
2 0.5
4 0.5
6 0.4
8 0.4
10 0.4
12 0.4
14 0.3
16 0.3
18 0.3
20-50 | 0.2 |
Total (Odd + Even) | 1.5 |
Continuous | 1.0 |
5 minutes | 1.5 |
Instantaneous | 3.0 |
1. In this Schedule—"
industry standards " means the standards, codes, guides and other documents, as published fromtime to time, listed in the Appendix at the end of this Schedule;
"
maximum design temperature " means the maximum temperature that conductors may reach under the influence of load current (excluding fault current), ambient temperature of the air and solar radiation.
2. Aerial lines and service lines must be designed so that the lines—
have safe levels of electrical insulation; and | |
will carry the electrical load currents for which they are designed without failure; and | |
will allow the passage of electrical short circuit currents which will enable the correct operation of protective devices; and | |
are structurally secure for the environmental and service conditions for which they are designed; and | |
maintain safe clearances, |
and so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) Thermal ratings of conductors must be determined so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) Short circuit capacity of conductors must be determined so as to comply with the industry
standards.
(2) In determining electrical service conditions and the physical environment under which the line will operate, due care must be given to the consideration of extremes that may occur, the likelihood of their occurrence and the associated risks.
(3) Mechanical loading conditions must be determined so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) Conductors for lines must be designed so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) Structures and footings for lines must be designed so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) In determining electrical service conditions and the physical environment under which the line will operate, due care must be given to the consideration of extremes that may occur, the likelihood of their occurrence and the associated risks.
(3) Mechanical loading conditions must be determined so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) In determining circuit arrangement, electrical service conditions and the physical environment under which the line will operate, due care must be given to the consideration of extremes that may occur, the likelihood of their occurrence and the associated risks.
(3) The environmental and electrical conditions for the determination of clearances to lines must be determined in accordance with the industry standards.
(4) Aerial lines must be designed so that safety clearances are as follows:
for all aerial lines (other than lines attached to buildings (" | ||||
for aerial lines (other than service lines, other cable system or aerial lines within substations)—so that the distance to the ground in any direction from any position to which any part of a line may sag at maximum design temperature or move as a result of normal prevailing wind pressures is not less than the relevant distance set out in Table 2; | ||||
for aerial service lines and other cable systems—so that the distance to the ground in any direction from any position to which any part of the line may sag at maximum design temperature or move as a result of normal prevailing wind pressures is not less than the relevant distance set out in Table 3; | ||||
for a facade mounted line— | ||||
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(5) The arrangement of and clearances between circuits, either attached to a common structure, unattached, in shared spans or crossing, must be designed to be safe for the environmental and electrical service conditions for which it is designed and so as to comply with the industry standards.
(6) Every conductor of an aerial line must be erected so that clearance from any point to which that conductor may swing or sag is not less than—
600 mm for any conductor having a voltage not exceeding 1kV; and | |
1800 mm for any conductor having a voltage exceeding 1kV but not exceeding 66kV volts, |
from a street traction trolley wire, street traction feeder conductor or any wire or cable supporting the trolley
wire or feeder conductor.
11. Aerial lines must be installed so as to comply with the industry standards.
12. (1) Aerial lines, their structures and components must be maintained to be in a safe operating
condition.
(2) A system of maintenance must be instituted for aerial lines, their structures and their components,
including—
predetermined inspection programs to confirm the safe state of components; | |
regular maintenance programs consistent with manufacturers’ recommendations and industry standards; | |
managed replacement programs for components approaching the end of their serviceable life. |
(3) A maintenance program for aerial lines must comply with the standards, codes, guides and other documents, as published from time to time, listed in the Appendix at the end of Schedule 3.
Direction from Structure | Clearance Distance (in metres) |
U≤1000 V | U>1000 V | 1000 V | 33kV | 132kV | 275kV | 330kV |
<U≤ | <U≤ | <U≤ | <U≤ | <U≤ | ||
33kV | 132kV | 275kV | 330kV | 500kV |
Insulated | Bare | Bare | Insulated | Insulated | Bare or | Bare | Bare | Bare | Bare |
neutral | active | with | without | covered |
earthed | earthed | |||
screen | screen |
Vertically above those | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 9.8 |
parts of any structure normally accessible to persons (A) | ||||||||||
Vertically above those | 0.1 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
parts of any structure not | ||||||||||
normally accessible to persons but on which a person can stand (B) | ||||||||||
In any direction (other | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 6.4 |
than vertically above) from those parts of any structure normally accessible to | ||||||||||
persons, or from any part not normally accessible to persons but on which a | ||||||||||
person can stand (C) | ||||||||||
In any direction from | 0.1* | 0.3* | 0.6* | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 6.4 |
those parts of any structure not normally accessible to persons (D) |
In any direction from | Refer to Table 2 or 3 | Refer to Table 2 | Refer to Table 2 |
ground (G) |
* This clearance can be further reduced to allow for termination at the point of attachment.
1. Figure 1 illustrates the application of Table 1 to a particular structure. The letters A to D refer to distances A to D as set out in Table 1. The letter G refers to distance to ground of insulated cables.
2. The clearances specified in A and B of Table 1 must be maintained above a horizontal line extending outward for the distance specified in C from the outer extremities of those parts of any structure on which a person can stand.
[Figure 1 appears in
Over | Over land other | Over land not |
carriageway of | than carriageway of | traversable by |
road | road | vehicles |
Bare or insulated conductor
U ≤ 1kV
or | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.5 |
Insulated conductor with earthed screen U> 1kV | |||
Insulated conductor without earthed screen | |||
U > 1kV | 6.0 | 5.5 | 4.5 |
Bare or covered conductor | |||
1kV < U ≤ 33kV | 6.7 | 5.5 | 4.5 |
33kV < U ≤ 132kV | 6.7 | 6.7 | 5.5 |
132kV < U ≤ 275kV | 11.5 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
275kV < U ≤ 330kV | 12.5 | 6.7 | 6.7 |
330kV > U ≤ 500kV | 14.0 | 10.7 | 10.7 |
(in metres)
Over any part of a main road within the meaning of the | 5.5 |
Over the centre of each carriageway of a public road | 5.5 |
Over any other part of a road | 4.6 |
Over any part of a driveway | 3.9 |
Elsewhere | 3.0 |
(in metres)
A | Clearance vertically from ground at footway level | 2.5* |
B | Above windows and doors | 0.3* |
C | Each side and below windows | 0.5* |
D | Each side of doors and balconies | 1.0* |
E | From metallic parts of buildings, | 0.05* |
Figure 2 is to be used in understanding the information in Table 4.
[Figure 2 appears in
In this Appendix—
"
ESAA " means Electricity Supply Association of Australia;"
NZS " means New Zealand Standard.
Conductors
Bare overhead - Hard - drawn copper. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1746 |
Bare overhead - Aluminium & aluminium alloy. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1531 |
Bare overhead - Aluminium & aluminium alloy - steel reinforced | . | AS 3607 |
Steel conductors & stays - Bare overhead: Galvanised | .. .. .. .. . | AS 1222.1 |
Steel conductors & stays - Bare overhead: Aluminium alloy | .. .. . | AS 1222.1 |
Galvanised steel strand | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 2841 |
Insulated Cables
Approval & test specification - elastomer insulated - 0.6/1kV | .. .. | AS 3116 |
Approval & test specification - thermoplastic insulated - 0.6/1kV. . | AS 3417 |
Approval & test specification — neutral screened — 0.6/1kV | .. .. | AS/NZS 3155 |
XLPE insulated - Aerial bundled - 0.6/1kV. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3560 |
Mechanical fittings for low voltage aerial bundled cable. .. .. .. . | AS 3766 |
Aerial bundled - Polymeric insulated - 6.35/11kV, 12.7/22kV: |
(metallic screened) | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3599.1 |
Aerial bundled - Polymeric insulated -
6.35/11kV, 12.7/22kV: (non-metallic screened). .. .. .. . Conductors - Covered overhead - 6.35/11kV to 19/33kV. .. .. .. . | AS 3599.1 |
AS 3675 |
Insulators transmission lines—
Selection | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 s. 4 |
Porcelain & glass indoor & outdoor station post, U>1000V ac. .. . | AS 1137.3 |
Porcelain & glass for O/H lines, U>1000V ac: Test methods. .. .. | AS 2947.1 |
Porcelain & glass for O/H lines, U>1000V ac: Characteristics. .. . | AS 2947.2 |
Porcelain & glass for O/H lines, U>1000V ac: Couplings. .. .. .. | AS 2947.3 |
Porcelain & glass, pin & shackle U<1000V. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3608 |
Porcelain stay type U>1000V. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3609 |
Insulator and Conductor Fittings
For overhead lines: Performance & general requirements. .. .. .. . | AS 1154.1 |
For overhead lines: Dimensions | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1154.2 |
For overhead lines: Performance & general requirements for helical
fittings. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1154.3 |
Thermal Limits transmission lines—
Thermal limits | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 Appendix A2 |
Current rating of bare overhead line conductors. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA D(b)5 |
Short Circuit Capacity transmission lines—
Fault ratings. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA C(b)1 Appendix A2 |
Mechanical Loading Conditions transmission lines—
Mechanical Loading Conditions | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 s. 3 |
Minimum design loads on structures (Loading Code) | .. .. .. .. . . | AS 1170 |
Dead & live loads | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . | AS 1170.1 |
Wind loads | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | 1170.2 |
Earthquake loads | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | 1170.4 |
Conductor Tensions transmission lines—
General | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA C(b)1 s. 6 |
Calculations. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA C(b)1 Appendix B |
Structures and Footings transmission lines—
General | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA C(b)1 ss. 7 & 8 & Appendix C |
Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1298 Series |
Piling - Design & installation. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2159 |
Design of steel lattice towers & masts. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3995 |
Steel structures. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 4100 |
Concrete structures | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3600 |
Clearances from Ground transmission lines—
Environmental & loading conditions. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 s. 9 |
Clearances from Structures transmission lines—
Environmental & loading conditions. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 s. 10 |
Spacing of Conductors transmission lines—
Clearances. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 s. 11 |
Environmental & loading conditions. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 s. 11 |
Maintenance transmission lines—
Maintenance & inspection procedures. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA C(b)1 Appendix E |
In this Schedule—
"
industry standards " means the standards, codes, guides and other documents, as published fromtime to time, listed in the Appendix at the end of this Schedule.
1. (1) Underground lines and service lines must be designed so that—
cables have safe levels of electrical insulation; and | |
cables will carry load currents for which they are designed without failure; and | |
cables will pass short circuit current which will enable the correct operation of protective devices; and | |
safe clearances are maintained, |
and so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) In determining electrical service conditions and the physical environment under which the line will operate, due care must be given to the consideration of extremes that may occur, the likelihood of their occurrence and the associated risks.
(2) Manufacture and purchase of cables and their accessories must be done so as to comply with the
industry standards.
(2) Rating of cables must be determined so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) The short circuit capacity of cable must be determined so as to comply with the industry
standards.
(2) For the mechanical cover and enclosures referred to above one of the following must be used:
a layer of concrete at least 50 mm thick with a characteristic strength defined by AS 1480 and AS 1012 and determined to be not less than 15 MPa at 28 days placed not less than 50 mm and not more than 150 mm above the cable and overlapping the cable by at least 40 mm on each side; or | ||||
concrete slabs of at least 40 mm thickness with a characteristic strength defined as AS 1480 and AS 1012 and determined to be not less than 15MPa at 28 days with— | ||||
| ||||
a plastic or composite material that offers comparable protection. |
(3) The enclosure referred to in the last column of Table 1 must be a medium or heavy galvanised steel tube conforming to AS 1074 or a non-metallic heavy duty conduit conforming to AS 2053.
(4) If it is impractical to lay an underground line or service line at a depth which complies with Table 1 then they may be laid at a lesser depth provided that additional covers or enclosures are installed to provide equivalent protection to that prescribed.
(5) The underground line, from where it enters the ground to a position where it complies with the requirements of depth and protection in Table 1, must be protected by a cover or enclosure described above.
Direct Buried | Direct Buried and Covered | Enclosed in |
by Mechanical Cover | Conduit or Pipe |
U ≤ 1kV
Single core type | 750 | 600 | 450 |
Multi core type | 750 | 450 | 450 |
1kV < U ≤ 22kV | 750 | 600 | 600 |
Both cable types | |||
22kv < U ≤ 66kV | 1000 | 750 | 750 |
Both cable types |
(2) The mechanical protection must be provided—
by a cable guard made of mild steel of 2.5 mm thickness for HV cables and 1.6 mm thickness for LV cables, galvanised to AS 1650; or | |
a galvanised steel tube conforming to AS 1074; or | |
some other material giving equivalent mechanical protection. |
(3) If the attachment of the underground line is more than 2400 mm from a surface on which a person can stand, the cable need not be mechanically protected provided that—
the cable is beyond reach (determined in accordance with AS 2607 Appendix G) from windows or other accessible parts of the building; or | |
the cable is less than 1000 volts; or | |
the cable is more than 1000 volts but is metallic screened. |
(4) If the cable is high voltage, it must be enclosed in metallic piping or casing which is earthed in accordance with these regulations.
4. Separation between cables and service lines of other utilities laid parallel must comply with the
industry standards.
5. (1) Underground lines must be maintained to be in a safe operating condition.
(2) A system of maintenance must be instituted for underground lines and their components,
including—
predetermined inspection programs to confirm the safe state of components; | |
regular maintenance programs consistent with manufacturers’ recommendations and industry standards; | |
managed replacement programs for components approaching the end of their serviceable life. |
(3) A maintenance program for underground lines must comply with the industry standards.
Standards, Codes, Guides and Other Documents Relating to Underground Lines and Service Lines
In this Appendix—
"
ANSI " means American National Standards Institute;"
ESAA " means Electricity Supply Association of Australia;"
IEC " means International Electrotechnical Commission;"
IEEE " means Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers;"
NZS " means New Zealand Standard.
High Voltage Cables
Polymeric Cables 3.3kV to 33kV | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1429.1 |
Impregnated paper insulated - U<33kV | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1026 |
Underground residential systems. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 4026 |
Extruded solid dielectric - 1kV to 30kV | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | IEC 502 |
Tests for solid dielectric cables 30kV to 150kV | .. .. .. .. .. . | IEC 840 |
Low Voltage Cables
Impregnated paper insulated - U<33kV | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1026 |
Conductors in insulated cables & flexible cords. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1125 |
Concentric wire neutral - XLPE insulated - 0.6/1kV | .. .. .. .. | AS 1178 |
Approval & test specification - elastomer insulated - 0.6/1kV | .. | AS 3116 |
Approval & test specification - thermoplastic insulated - 0.6/1kV | AS 3147 |
Approval & test specification - neutral screened - 0.6/1kV | .. .. | AS/NZS 3155 |
Underground residential systems. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 4026 |
High Voltage Cable Accessories
High Voltage Cable Joints. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ANSI/IEEE 48 |
High Voltage Cable Terminations. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ANSI/IEEE 404 |
Separable insulated connectors - U>1kV. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2629 |
Continuous Cable Ratings
Calculation methods | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | IEC 287 |
Selection of cables - U<0.6/1kV | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3008.1 |
Short Circuit Currents
Calculation of Short Circuit Currents. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | IEC 949 |
Installation
ESAA | C(b)2 |
ESAA | D(b)30 |
Maintenance
ESAA | D(b)31 |
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . |
6. In this Schedule—"
Building Code of Australia " means theBuilding Code of Australia as published from time to time;"
industry standards " means the standards, codes, guides and other documents, as published fromtime to time, listed in the Appendix at the end of this Schedule.
1. (1) Substations must be designed so that—
buildings and enclosures are secure; and | |
plant, equipment and lines have safe levels of electrical insulation; and | |
plant, equipment and lines will carry electrical load currents for which they are designed without failure; and | |
plant, equipment and lines will carry short circuit currents which will enable the correct operation of protective devices; and | |
safe clearances to live apparatus are maintained, |
and so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) In determining electrical service conditions and the physical environment under which the line will operate, due care must be given to the consideration of extremes that may occur, the likelihood of their occurrence and the associated risks.
(3) Substations must be designed so as to comply with the industry standards.
3. (1) Substations must be designed to provide safe operating and working clearances from live
equipment and lines.
(2) Clearances between live equipment to structures and buildings and the provision of safe operating and working clearances must be determined so as to comply with the industry standards.
4. The provisions of theBuilding Code of Australia apply in relation to substations, including
provisions dealing with—
plant and equipment that may be installed; and | |
ventilation requirements for such plant and equipment; and | |
the control of ground waters in sub-surface buildings; and | |
the control of the products of explosion that may occur; and | |
forces due to short circuit conditions. |
7. (1) Buildings and enclosures must be secured so as to prevent entry by unauthorised persons.
(2) Buildings and enclosures must have signs on all entrances prohibiting unauthorised entry and warnings of the danger associated with unlawful entry.
(3) The ventilation system of buildings and enclosures must be designed so to prevent the intrusion of foreign objects into the building or enclosure likely to interfere with the safe operation of the electrical equipment.
(2) The design of the enclosure must be robust and sturdy.
(3) The installation design must ensure that no part of the kiosk enclosure is within 1200 mm of any part of a building or wall which has a fire rating less than three hours as determined by the
(2) The calculations for the design of structures supporting aerial lines in ground type substations must, in addition to allowing for the maximum loading in accordance with clause 6 of Schedule 3, also allow for forces under short circuit conditions.
(3) Walls and fences enclosing a substation must be designed—
so that the minimum horizontal clearances from any building or structure (including fences or walls which are not solid) within the boundary, or forming the boundary of the ground type substation to any live and bare equipment is no less than— |
U ≤ 22kV | 1500 mm |
22kV < U ≥ 66kV | 3000 mm; |
to be constructed of a substantive material (such as brick, masonry, wood, sheet metal or galvanised chain-wire mesh with a dimension of not more than 50 mm for any aperture) and be a minimum height of 2500 mm; | |
so as to comply with the |
(4) The distances in subclause (3)
(5) The top 500 mm of a wall or fence enclosing a substation may consist of securely supporting barbed wire with a maximum separation of the strands of 150 mm.
(6) Clearances between any building or structure within the boundary of the substation and any live equipment must be determined so as to comply with the industry standards.
10. Pole mounted substations must be designed so that—
the calculations for the design of structures supporting aerial lines and busbars in substations, in addition to allowing for the maximum loading in accordance with clause 6 of Schedule 3, also allow for forces under short circuit conditions; | |
all insulated conductors comply with the requirements of Schedule 4 with regard to conductor insulation, cable construction and the mechanical protection of cables; | |
all parts of supporting platforms and equipment which are mounted on or attached to the pole or cross arms, except for conductors, are at height not less than that set out in Table 1; | |
any equipment mounted at a height less than that prescribed in paragraph |
Outside 500mm of the vertical projection of the kerbline | Elsewhere |
(on the non road side) of any road |
Height above ground surface | 3 600 mm | 4 600 mm |
requirements of this Schedule.
(2) A system of maintenance must be instituted for substation buildings and enclosures and associated plant, equipment and lines, including—
predetermined inspection programs to confirm the safe state of components; and | |
regular maintenance programs consistent with manufacturers’ recommendations and industry standards; and | |
managed replacement programs for components approaching the end of their serviceable life. |
(3) The maintenance program must comply with the industry standards.
In this Appendix—
"
ESAA " means Electricity Supply Association of Australia;"
IEC " means International Electrotechnical Commission;"
IP Code " means International Protection Code.
Electrical Design Switchgear assemblies & ancillary equipment - U>1kV
General | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2067 |
Circuit Breakers & Ancillary Equipment Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures for
electrical equipment (IP Code). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1939 |
High voltage, ac switchgear & control gear - circuit breakers - | |
U>1000V. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2006 |
Switchgear Assemblies & Ancillary Equipment High voltage, ac switchgear & control gear—
Switches & disconnectors - 1kV to 52kV. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1025.1 |
Switches & disconnectors - U>52kV | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . |
AS 1025.2
Isolators & earthing switches. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1306 |
Fuse/switch & fuse/circuit breaker combinations. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 2024 |
Common requirements. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 2650 |
AC metal enclosed switchgear & control gear - 1kV to 72.5kV | .. | AS 2086 |
AC insulation enclosed switchgear - 1kV to 38kV | .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2264 |
Switchgear assemblies & ancillary equipment - U>1kV | .. .. .. .. | AS 2067 |
Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures for
electrical equipment (IP Code). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1939 |
Insulating oil for transformers & switchgear. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1767 |
Control Equipment
Low voltage switchgear & control gear. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . General rules. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3947 |
AS 3947.1 |
Switches, disconnectors, switch disconnectors & fuse
combination units. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3947.3 |
Contactors & motor starters: Electromechanical contactors | |
& motor starters. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3947.4.1 |
Circuit control devices & switching elements: |
Electromechanical control circuit devices | .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3947.5.1 |
Control circuit devices & switching elements: Proximity
switches | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3947.5.2 |
Insulating Panels Sheets & Boards for electrical purposes—
Classification & general requirements. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1795.1 |
Dimensions of switchboard panels | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1795.2 |
Power Transformers
Power Transformers | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 2374 |
General requirements | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2374.1 |
Temperature rise | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 2374.2 |
Insulation Levels & dielectric tests—
General requirements | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2374.3.0 |
External clearances in air | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 2374.3.1 |
Tappings & connections | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2374.4 |
Ability to withstand short circuit. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2374.5 |
Determination of transformer & reactor sound levels. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2374.6 |
Insulating oil for transformers & switchgear. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1767 |
Bushings
Bushings for ac U>1000V | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1265 |
Surge Arresters (diverters)—
Silicon carbide type for ac systems. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1307.1 |
Metal oxide type for ac systems. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1307.2 |
Batteries Stationary batteries—
Lead acid - vented type. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 4029.1 |
Lead acid - valve regulated sealed. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Stationary batteries - lead acid - pure lead positive pasted type | AS 4029.2 |
.. . | AS 4029.3 |
Insulation Coordination Insulation Coordination—
Definitions, principles & rules. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1824.1 |
Phase to earth & phase to phase: Application Guide. .. .. Insulation to coordination within LV systems: Principles, | AS 1824.2 |
requirements & tests. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | IEC 664.1 |
Safety Clearances Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures for
electrical equipment (IP Code). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1939 |
Switchgear assemblies & ancillary equipment - U>1kV | .. .. .. .. | AS 2067 |
Buildings and Enclosures Australian Building Code
Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways & ladders: Design
construction & installation. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1657 |
The use of mechanical ventilation & air conditioning in buildings— Mechanical ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. . | AS 1661.1 |
Fire & smoke control. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures for | AS 1661.2 |
electrical equipment (IP Code). .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1939 |
The storage & handling of flammable & combustible material. .. . | AS 1940 |
Oil containment | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | Environment Protection Authority |
Fire protection of electricity substations. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA D(b)29 |
Electrical installations— |
Secondary batteries installed in buildings - Vented cells. . | AS 3011.1 |
Secondary batteries installed in buildings - Sealed cells | .. | AS 3011.2 |
Switchyard Structures, Footings and Foundations
Minimum design loads on structures (Loading Code) | .. .. .. .. . . |
Dead & live loads | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . | AS 1170.1 |
Wind loads | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1170.2 |
Earthquake loads | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1170.4 |
Design of steel lattice towers & masts. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3995 |
Steel structures. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 4100 |
Concrete structures | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3600 |
Maintenance
Guide to maintenance & supervision of insulating oils in service. . | AS 1883 |
Maintenance of electrical switchgear. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 2467 |
Guide to the installation, maintenance, testing & replacement of secondary cells in buildings: |
Vented cells. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2676.1 |
Sealed Cells. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2676.2 |
1. In this Schedule—"
ESAA " means Electricity Supply Association of Australia;"
industry standards " means the standards, codes, guides and other documents, as published fromtime to time, listed in the Appendix at the end of this Schedule;
"
neutral conductor " means a conductor or a group of conductors of a multi-wired system of supply which is maintained at an intermediate and approximate uniform electrical potential in respect of the other conductors of the same circuit, or the conductor of a two-wire system that is earthed at its origin;"
protective devices or equipment " means devices or equipment intended to isolate the activeconductors of a circuit in the event of an electrical fault.
1. (1) Earthing and protection systems must be designed to ensure—
reliable passage of fault and Single Wire Earth Return ( | |
reliable and speedy operation of circuit protection devices; and | |
step, touch and transfer potentials with respect to assets associated with the circuit are safe; and | |
detection and isolation of electrical conditions likely to significantly increase risk to people or cause significant damage to property, |
and so as to comply with the industry standards.
(2) In determining abnormal electrical service conditions, due care must be given to the consideration of extremes that may occur, the likelihood of their occurrence and the associated risks.
(2) Protection equipment and ancillaries must be manufactured and purchased so as to comply with
the industry standards.
(2) Copper, copper alloy, aluminium, stainless steel or other materials having superior electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance must be used.
(2) A MEN system must be designed so that—
a continuous neutral conductor connects all customers’ premises in accordance with AS 3000; and | |
the neutral conductor is connected to earth at each distribution substation or generator; and | |
with the exception of cable guards used for the protection of cables on poles, every metallic part of equipment, including the reinforced metal of structures, at a height less than 2400 mm above ground on every structure that supports or encloses conductors used for the electricity supply network is earthed. |
(3) A direct earthing system must be approved by the Technical Regulator and must be designed so
that—
a continuous earthed conductor connects— | ||||||
|
to earth at the generating station or distribution substation only; and
the earthed conductor is formed from— | ||||||
| ||||||
the system is earthed at the substations or generating stations. |
5. Substations must be designed to have an earthing system that complies with the industry standards.
(2) The following provisions relate to LV aerial and underground service lines of a transmission or
distribution system:
each aerial and underground service line must form part of a circuit that is protected by protective equipment that can isolate each of the active conductors of the electric lines; | ||||||||
the protective equipment for aerial service lines must be installed— | ||||||||
| ||||||||
the protective equipment for underground service lines must be installed— | ||||||||
|
(A) | the customer’s mains from the relevant depth set pit in Table 1 to the point where it enters the building must be provided with additional protection; |
(B) | the customer’s main within the building must be enclosed in a heavy duty non-metallic conduit to AS 2053 (or its equivalent). |
Minimum cover above cable protection/enclosure | |||
| |||
| |||
|
AS 2053 | tube to AS 1074 |
Stranded copper conductor, elastomer, thermoplastic | 0.5 m | 0.5 m | Not permitted |
or x.1.p.e. insulated single-core cable with elastomer or thermoplastic sheathing, complying with AS 3116, 3147 or 3198 for underground line |
Stranded copper conductor, elastomer, thermoplastic | 0.5 m | 0.5 m | 0.5 m |
or x.1.p.e. insulated multi-core cable with elastomer or thermoplastic sheathing, complying with AS 3116, 3147 or 3198 for underground line | |||
Stranded copper conductor, neutral screened cable | 0.5 m | 0.5 m | 0.5 m |
complying with As 3155 for underground line |
7. Uninsulated metal or concrete that—
forms part of a circuit in a transmission or distribution network (excluding the current carrying conductors); and | |
is accessible to persons; and | |
may, in the event of a primary insulation failure of the circuit, be energised, |
must be effectively earthed to comply with the requirements of Clause 12 of the ESAA
1. (1) Protection and earthing systems must be maintained to be in a safe operating condition.(2) A system of maintenance must be instituted for protection and earthing systems and their
components, including—
predetermined inspection programs to confirm the safe state of components; and | |
regular maintenance programs consistent with manufacturers’ recommendations and industry standards; and | |
managed replacement programs for components approaching the end of their serviceable life. |
(3) The maintenance program must comply with the industry standards.
2. (1) Earthing systems must be inspected and tested at regular intervals to ensure that the design
requirements of—
resistance to the general mass of earth; and | |
electrical capacity; and | |
step, touch and transfer potentials; and | |
corrosion resistance, |
are being maintained.
(2) The condition of earthing systems must be verified by instruments designed for this purpose.
(3) Inspection and testing of earthing systems must be carried out to ensure the system complies with
the industry standards.
detection sensitivity; and | |
speed of operation; and | |
discrimination of load currents; and | |
co-ordination with other protection systems, |
are being maintained.
(2) The performance of protection systems must be verified by instruments designed for this purpose.
(3) Inspection and testing of protection systems must be carried out to ensure the system complies with the industry standards.
In this Appendix—
"
ESAA " means Electricity Supply Association of Australia;"
IEEE " means Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
Protection
All or nothing relays. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 2481 |
Voltage transformers for measurement & protection. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 1243 |
Current transformers for measurement & protection | .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 1675 |
Low voltage switchgear & control gear. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . General rules. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3947 |
AS 3947.1 |
Switches, disconnectors, switch disconnectors and fuse
combination units. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3947.3 |
Contactors & motor starters: Electromechanical contactors | |
& motor starters. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3947.4.1 |
Circuit control devices & switching elements: |
Electromechanical control circuit devices | .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3947.5.1 |
Control circuit devices & switching elements: Proximity
switches | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3947.5.2 |
Earthing
Switchgear assemblies & ancillary equipment - U>1kV | .. .. .. .. | AS 2067 Appendix C |
Substations, earthing guide | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA EG1 |
Guide to safety in substation grounding. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | IEEE 80 |
Customer installations. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3000 & AS 3001 |
Guidelines for the design & maintenance of overhead distribution & transmission lines— |
Stay wires. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | ESAA C(b)1 s. 13 |
Step & touch potentials. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA C(b)1 s. 13 |
Switchgear assemblies & ancillary equipment - U>1kV | .. | AS 2067 Appendix C2.6 |
ESAA - Australian Telecommunications Commission - ESAA - Australian Telecommunications Commission - |
Maintenance
Switchgear assemblies & ancillary equipment - U>1kV | .. .. .. .. | AS 2067 |
Electrical installations | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | AS 3000 |
Guide to safety in substation grounding | .. .. .. .. .. .. . | IEEE 80 |
Guidelines for the design & maintenance of overhead
distribution & transmission lines | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | ESAA C(b)1 |
ESAA - Australian Telecommunications Commission -
Earth
Potential Rise Code of PracticeESAA - Australian Telecommunications Commission -
Earth
Return High Voltage Power Lines Code of Practice
Testing
Earthing. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . | AS 3000 IEEE 80 ESAA C(b)1 |
Other | U > 1kV | U > 33kV | U > 132kV | U > 220kV | U > 330kV |
cable | U ≤ 33kV | U ≤ 132kV | U > 330kV | U ≤ 330kV | U ≤ 500kV |
systems & service
lines
U≤ 1kV
Vertically above those parts of a structure normally accessible to | 3700 | 4600 | 4600 | 6800 | 8000 | 9800 |
pedestrians | ||||||
Vertically above those parts of a structure not normally | 2700 | 3700 | 4600 | 6000 | 7000 | 8000 |
accessible but on which a person can stand | ||||||
In any direction from those parts of a structure not normally | 600 | 2700 | 3000 | 3700 | 4700 | 6400 |
accessible to pedestrians | ||||||
In any direction from those parts of a structure normally | 1500 | 2700 | 3000 | 4600 | 5500 | 6400 |
accessible to pedestrians, windows openings or balconies | ||||||
In any direction from a footbridge | 4600 | 4600 | 4600 | 6800 | 8000 | 9800 |
for Certain Materials
Other cable | U > 1kV | U > 33kV | U > 132kV | U > 220kV | U > 330kV |
systems & service | U ≤ 33kV | U ≤ 132kV | U > 330kV | U ≤ 330kV | U ≤ 500kV |
lines
U≤ 1kV
Any material—
horizontal distance | 1500 | 2100 | 3000 | 4600 | 5500 | 6400 | |
vertical distance | 3700 | 4600 | 4600 | 6800 | 8000 | 9800 |
Inflammable materials—
horizontal distances | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | 4600 | 5500 | 6400 | |
vertical distances | 3700 | 4600 | 6800 | 6800 | 8000 | 9800 |
Certain Machinery Other cable systems and service lines
Vertical | 2000 | 6000 |
distance | ||
Horizontal | 2000 | 6000 |
distance |
1. Any combination of circuits not shown in Table
Upper Circuit | Lower Circuit | Attached to a common structure | Between Structures | 4 are not permitted. |
2. For the purpose of Table 4—
No wind condition | Wind condition |
no wind refers to— |
LV aerial line | Private powerline (LV) | 900 | Not permitted | Not permitted |
and other cable systems | (i) | undercrossing conductors at 15°C with no wind blowing; and |
LV aerial line | LV aerial line | 380 | 600 | 380 |
(ii) | overcrossing conductors at maximum design temperature |
Aerial lines | Private powerline (LV) | 1800 | Not permitted | Not permitted |
with no wind blowing; and
U > 1kV | and other cable systems |
V ≤ 11kV |
wind refers to— |
Aerial lines | LV aerial line or, | 1200 | 1200 | 600 |
U > 1kV | Aerial lines < 11kV | (i) | undercrossing conductors at 15°C, and displaced by a 500 Pa |
Aerial lines | Private powerline (LV) | 1800 | Not permitted | Not permitted | horizontal wind at right angles to |
U > 11kV | and other cable systems | the undercrossing conductors; |
U ≤ 33kV | and |
Aerial lines | LV Aerial line or, | 1200 | 1200 | 750 |
(ii) overcrossing conductors at
U > 11kV | Aerial lines < 33kV |
U ≤ 33kV | maximum design temperature and not displaced by wind. |
Aerial lines | Private powerline (LV) | 2400 | Not permitted | Not permitted |
U > 33kV | and other cable systems |
U ≤ 66kV |
Aerial lines | LV aerial line or, aerial | 1800 | 1800 | 1200 |
U > 33kV | lines < 66kV |
U ≤ 66kV |
direction
Other cable system | U ≤ 1kV | U > 1kV | U > 1kV | U > 33kV | U > 132kV | U > 220kV | U > 330kV |
& U ≤ 1kV | bare | U ≤ 33kV | U≤ 33kV | U ≤ 132kV | U ≤ 220kV | U ≤ 330kV | U ≤ 500kV |
insulated conductor | conductor | insulated conductor | bare conductor |
Clearance in | 100 | 1500 | 1500 | 2100 | 3000 | 4500 | 5000 | 6000 |
any direction |
Other cable system | U ≤ 132kV except | U > 132kV | U > 220kV | U > 330kV |
and U ≤ 1kV | for U ≤ 1kV | U ≤ 220kV | U ≤ 330kV | U ≤ 500kV |
insulated conductor | insulated conductors |
vertical distance | 330 | 1500 | 3700 | 4700 | 6400 |
horizontal distance | 300 | 1500 | 4600 | 5500 | 6400 |
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