DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONSvSTEPHEN SHORT
[2021] VCC 560
•21 April 2021
| IN THE COUNTY COURT OF VICTORIA | Revised Not Restricted Suitable for Publication |
AT MELBOURNE
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
CR 20-00395
| DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS |
| v |
| STEPHEN SHORT |
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JUDGE: | HER HONOUR JUDGE GAYNOR |
WHERE HELD: | Melbourne |
DATE OF HEARING: | |
DATE OF SENTENCE: | 21 April 2021 |
CASE MAY BE CITED AS: | DPP v Short |
MEDIUM NEUTRAL CITATION: | [2021] VCC 560 |
REASONS FOR SENTENCE
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APPEARANCES: | Counsel | Solicitors |
| For the Director of Public Prosecutions | Ms M. Zammit | |
For the Accused | Ms K. Sheridan |
HER HONOUR:
1Stephen Joseph Short, you have pleaded guilty before me to two sets of charges contained in two indictments. On indictment ending 334 you have pleaded guilty to one charge of intentionally causing injury, three charges of common law assault, one charge of recklessly causing injury, one charge of damaging property and one charge of making a threat to inflict serious injury.
2On indictment number ending 384 you have pleaded guilty to one charge of false imprisonment, three charges of common assault and two charges of persistent contravention of a family violence intervention order, together with two summary charges of contravening a family violence order, uplifted to be heard on this plea pursuant to s.145 of the Crimes (Criminal Procedure) Act.
3The offending covers a period of time from 2009 to 2017 and involves two victims, both of them women with whom you were involved in a relationship. I annex the very detailed prosecution openings in relation to each of the indictments, but now briefly seek to outline the fact scenarios underlying these charges.
4In relation to indictment ending 334 your victim was Amanda Burke[1] with whom you were in a relationship with between about 2005 and 2012. Apparently at the start of the relationship Ms Burke described the relationship as good, but you began using drugs, most specifically heroin and methylamphetamine.
[1] A pseudonym.
5Ms Burke asserted that she was assaulted by you on many occasions throughout the relationship. You would apologise, things would get better and then there would be another assault. Overall this indictment relates to seven incidents. In the first incident which relates to a charge of intentionally causing injury, you walked up to the victim and punched her on the back of the head on the left side.
6That occurred on 17 April 2009. Incident two occurred at the end of May in 2012 after Ms Burke ended her relationship with you and asked you to leave your home, the house you shared in Seymour, which you did. You then came back in the early hours of the morning and when Ms Burke opened the door you began yelling in her face, saying you wanted to stay, and when
Ms Burke refused you backed her up to the wall with your hand around her throat, at which time she thought she was about to black out and could not breathe.7This underlies to Charge 2, common law assault. Incident three occurred in February to March of 2013, about six weeks after the birth of your daughter, Abigail[2].
[2] A pseudonym.
8You and Ms Burke were not living together, but you went to her house one morning and began yelling at her to give you money, you being aware that
Ms Burke was due to receive the baby bonus payment from Centrelink.9You walked up to Ms Burke and punched her under her jaw on the left side, which caused her head to hit a wooden frame then causing a deep cut to her head and Ms Burke blacked out. You told her to get up.
10Incident four occurred in September 2015 when you again attended at her home at which time she was pregnant. You wanted the car keys. They were in her dressing gown pocket and you ended up lying on top of her, restraining her arms with a hand over her face and mouth.
11These actions underly Charge 4, common law assault. There had been another assault in January 2015 when you again returned to Ms Burke’s home and assaulted her before taking the car, and on your return, police were called.
12This was a previously charged incident and not included as a charge in the matters before this court. Incident five occurred in December 2015 when you attended at her home with two other males, saying you wanted to talk to her.
13Once you got inside you started hitting her to the back of the head, pushing her to the bedroom, yelling at her, pushing onto the wooden end of the bed, grabbing her by the throat and pinning her down. At the time you were yelling at her to take you back.
14These actions underly Charge 5, common law assault. Incident six also occurred in December 2015 when you came to Ms Burke’s house with a number of other people. You entered the premises ranting and raving, walked up to a couch and picked up Ms Burke’s laptop saying you were taking it, putting it under your arm and then dropped it, completely smashing the screen.
15Those actions underly Charge 6, criminal damage. Incident seven occurred in mid-November 2016 when Ms Burke had taken Abigail to see your mother. At this time, you apparently became aware Ms Burke was seeing someone else and you called her up to the spare room of your mother's house and asked her to take you back, but she refused.
16You then said to her, 'I'm going to mutilate you. I'm going to make sure that Abigail can't recognise her mother'. Those words underly Charge 7 on the indictment, make threat to inflict serious injury.
17That was the last time Ms Burke spoke to you. Throughout this period of the relationship and the assaults that occurred Ms Burke did not go to police except on the one occasion I have mentioned because she was simply too scared of retaliation by you.
18Eventually Ms Burke complained to police in December 2017 when she became aware that you were in custody on other matters and were applying for bail and told the informant in those matters that she had been assaulted by you in the past.
19In fact, as a result of the last incident and underlying Charge 7, Ms Burke left her home, packed her belongings and went into hiding through Safe Steps. She told the informant that as of December 2017 she and her daughter were still in safe housing and that she was still frightened of you.
20Eventually in January 2018 Ms Burke, although she had told the informant she was fearful and traumatised and needed to think about whether she would lay a complaint against you, made a statement and you were interviewed in relation to her allegations.
21You told police in a record of interview on 1 June 2018 that Ms Burke had been your partner for ten years, that you had a daughter together, that you had a full on drug problem during that time where you were using heroin and ice. You described her in glowing terms but essentially made denials to the incidents, saying you either did not remember them or that you would not hurt her.
22You did agree to dropping the computer. Eventually a summons was issued over this matter on 13 July 2018 directing you to attend a filing hearing at the Geelong Magistrates' Court on 31 July 2018.
23On that day you were sentenced in respect of other matters and the filing hearing was adjourned to 2 November 2018 at which time you failed to appear.
24The maximum sentence for intentionally causing injury is ten years' imprisonment. The maximum penalty for common law assault is five years' imprisonment. The maximum penalty for recklessly causing injury is five years' imprisonment. The maximum penalty for criminal damage is ten years' imprisonment and the maximum penalty for making threats to inflict serious injury is five years' imprisonment.
25You had fled the jurisdiction and were subsequently arrested in Tasmania in July 2019 and were extradited to Victoria soon after. This matter was listed for a contested committal but settled to a plea on that date before witnesses were called.
26I now turn to the second indictment, ending 3484. This relates to a relationship that you had with Andrea Donovan[3]. She was 50 at the time of the offending. She met you in August 2017, a relationship began in about October or November of this year, and like Ms Burke at the start she described you as a good and supportive partner, but noted that your personality began to change, that you became pushy and she became aware that you were using drugs.
[3] A pseudonym.
27The offending began in November 2017 where there was a conversation between you and Ms Donovan as she was lying in bed. She could not recall what she said but you pulled her off the bed, then smashed her head on the floor. When she got up you pushed her into the lounge room, at one stage pushing her so hard that she fell.
28She got up again. You pushed her from behind onto the couch and then she said she wanted to go back to the bedroom, but you said no, 'You're sitting there where I can see ya'. You then began crying saying, 'I've never done this before. I don't hit women, I'm so sorry'.
29However, every time Ms Donovan tried to get up you would jump up, grab her, slap her on the face and push her back down on the couch. You called her a liar. At one stage you referred to her by the name, Amanda, who was your ex-partner, and at one stage you grabbed her by the neck and threw her against a wall in the lounge room.
30As a result, Ms Donovan had a swollen face, black eye, split lip and bruising on her legs and arms. You kept blaming her for various things and pushing her around. At some point you fell asleep, Ms Donovan tried to sneak out the back door and walk into the backyard.
31She got to the back gate but you pulled her back by her ponytail, twisted her around, and pushed her back to the house, during which she stumbled and grazed her knees. Your actions in detaining Ms Donovan on the couch and pushing her back inside underlie Charge 1 on the indictment, false imprisonment.
32The other actions, including pulling her, slapping her, pushing her into a wall and grabbing her by the hair, underlie Charge 2, common law assault. About two days later the two of you went to buy food, you saying that they need to do this, and gave Ms Donovan a pair of sunglasses to hide her black eye.
33The two of you drove to the local IGA. You waited for Ms Donovan to get out of the car and she told you she had forgotten to see if there was any money in her bank account. You then grabbed her in a headlock and rammed her head into the window glass on the front passenger door of the car, and then tried to open the door to shove her back in the car.
34Ms Donovan asked what you were doing, saying she thought you were going to go shopping you replied, 'Well, you fucked that'. Those actions underly Charge 3 on the indictment, common law assault.
35The next day you and she travelled to Melbourne and for the next few weeks travelled from hotel to hotel occasionally going back to Numurkah where you were living and then leaving again.
36It would appear you assaulted her a number of times but
Ms Donovan was too scared to tell police. On 26 November 2017 you and she were staying at the Best Western Hotel in Airport West, where you injected heroin and ice.37You both went shopping and then back in the car you appeared to pass out after exhibiting bizarre behaviour. Ms Donovan drove you back to the hotel, and called friends who eventually came around. You displayed aggressive behaviour, ripping sheets off the bed and turning over furniture and at one stage walked up to Ms Donovan, grabbed her by the throat and pushed her against the bathroom wall, repeating, 'Where's Abigail, Amanda, where's Abigail?'
38The friends who arrived convinced you that Ms Donovan was not Amanda and you let her go. Those actions underly Charge 4, common law assault. The matter was in fact reported to police by those friends after they left as they were concerned about your violent behaviour towards Ms Donovan.
39Police attended but Ms Donovan said nothing has happened. You were arrested, however, because there was an outstanding warrant relating to a failure by you to attend court on 9 November 2017. You were bailed on condition you attend the Heidelberg Magistrates' Court on 30 November 2017, at which time you were remanded in custody.
40Ms Donovan was at court with you and police advised her to leave you and to take out an intervention order. Ms Donovan then obtained an interim family violence intervention order on 1 December 2017 which contained conditions prohibiting you from contacting her or getting another person to contact her on your behalf, and this was served on you on 6 December.
41That order was in operation until 31 December 2019. Between 7 December 2017 and 2 January 2018 Ms Donovan received telephone calls from you and text messages from a number of your associates. In order to contact her you purchased other prisoner's calls, or had other people, often the partners of prisoners you were serving with, contact her.
42You had a number of conversations with your mother which were recorded where you discussed contacting Ms Donovan to pay for your legal fees for bail, to turn up to court, to send money to you. Eventually your mother told you that she would not help you anymore.
43There were a number of details in the prosecution opening about the other prisoners and other prisoners’ partners who you organised to contact Ms Donovan on your behalf. These actions underlie Charge 5 on the indictment, persistent contravention of family violence notice or order.
44During the period between 3 January and 16 January 2018 again
Ms Donovan received telephone calls from you as well as calls and texts from other prisoners and other prisoners’ partners. To contact Ms Donovan, you either purchased other prisoner's calls or had other people call on your behalf.45Again, messages were sent to Ms Donovan about how you missed her, how you wanted her in court at the bail hearing and so forth. That conduct underlies Charge 6 on the indictment, persistent contravention of a family violence notice or order.
46A further interim family violence intervention order was made on 19 January 2018 and a final order made on 3 April 2018. This is in place until 2 April 2023. In early March 2018 you sent Ms Donovan a Valentine's Day card, sending it under the name of another prisoner.
47That action underlies summary Charge 19, contravening a family violence final intervention order. In April 2018 Ms Donovan received a parcel in the post, and that also contained a card, a letter and two drawings with the sender's details recorded under the name of another prisoner. That action underlies summary Charge 20, contravene family violence final intervention order.
48You were interviewed on 1 June 2018. You told police you were aware that you were subject to an intervention order. You admitted contacting
Ms Donovan directly and arranging for other people to contact her on your behalf.49You made no admissions to the offending which is the subject of Charges 1 to 4. You were ultimately bailed, charges were filed. You were summonsed to appear at the Geelong Magistrates' Court on 20 August 2018, but failed to appear because, as I stated in relation to my summary of the charges on the other indictment, you had, if I can put it this way, 'Shot through', to Tasmania from where you were ultimately extradited in July 2019.
50In the meantime pursuant to a sentence you received at the Geelong Magistrates' Court which comprised time served and release on a community corrections order, you attended the Wulgunggo Ngalu Men's Learning Centre where you lived between August and October, apparently performing well there, but according to the breach report, because you breached that community corrections order by non-appearance, there were concerns about your coming back from weekend leave. But otherwise you were said to engage well.
51You failed to attend programs under the community corrections order until about 21 September. You absconded in mid-October and so really only attended rehabilitative programs apart from those conducted by Wulgunggo Ngalu for a period of about three weeks.
52I now turn to your personal circumstances. You are 41 years of age. You are an Aboriginal man. You were born to a family whom you love, but it was a family where both parents were essentially alcoholics. They were often violent. You recalled many scenes of violence, but you also told neuropsychologist, Dr Sammy Yeoman, whose report dated 12 February 2021 was tendered on the plea, that you had a good relationship with them both.
53You have been remanded in custody since your return from Tasmania in July of 2019. Unfortunately in the interim, your father passed away and due to the COVID restrictions you were unable to attend his funeral which is a matter of great sorrow to you.
54You had difficulties learning at school. You left in Year 7 after being expelled because of violent behaviour. You described yourself to Dr Yeoman as a poor student and said you found it particularly hard to read and write.
55You said you had very basic literacy and numeracy skills. You said you got into fights a great deal at school. You worked in unskilled jobs for about five years from the age of 15. You have not worked since you were 20.
56You began drinking when you were 13. You also developed almost immediately a large quantity alcohol problem, if I can put it that way. This was a big problem for you. You told Dr Yeoman you were in many fights which usually occurred whilst you were drunk, and you believed that in those fights you often lost consciousness which lasted from between a few seconds to a few minutes.
57At the age of 26 you tried to give up alcohol but instead turned to intravenous use of both heroin and methamphetamines. You told Dr Yeoman you had had at least eight to ten heroin overdoses in total requiring ambulance attendance four times.
58You reported memory difficulties since that time. You reported a lengthy history of low mood and anxiety and described a serious suicide attempt when you were 23. You also reported a history of drug induced psychosis and said you still occasionally heard voices.
59You also said you had significant trauma because of your parents' violence due to their alcohol use. You told Dr Yeoman you had been ingesting large amounts of ice and heroin since you were 26 until the time that you were gaoled.
60You have an extensive prior criminal history which I will now refer to. It begins in 1999. You have been dealt with for aggravated burglary, assault with a weapon, intentionally damaging property. You breached an intervention order back in 2002. In 2004 you were dealt with for recklessly causing injury and aggravated burglary.
61In 2007 you were dealt with for recklessly causing injury, assaulting police and in 2008 you were further dealt with for driving offences and in 2009 for theft. In 2010 you received a two year sentence of imprisonment from the Melbourne County Court for intentionally causing injury, robbery and making a threat to kill.
62In 2009 you were dealt with for contravening a family violence intervention order. In 2015 you were dealt with for thefts, contravening bail conditions and in 2015 for driving offences. In 2016 you were dealt with for contravening a final family violence intervention order, and again in 2016 you were gaoled for recklessly causing injury, and also in 2017 you were fined for stealing from a shop.
63I was informed by the prosecutor that past intervention orders have been taken out on you by your mother, your brother and by other women. You therefore have a long history of violent behaviour and of breaching orders taken out by persons who believed they needed protection from you which you have ultimately breached.
64You have three children from two relationships, one being Abigail, your daughter who is now aged seven with whom you have no contact. You have a son and daughter who are in their 20s by another partner with whom, you told Dr Yeoman, you have a good relationship.
65You have done reasonably well in gaol. You have been enlisted to the peer listening program which is a program only awarded for participation to well-behaved inmates. You have undertaken an, 'Alcohol and Me' course, 'Building Better Relationships' course, a 'Keeping your Cool' course, and the six hour, 'Ice and Me' course.
66Importantly, Dr Yeoman, who is a neuropsychologist, administered appropriate testing and discovered that your intellectual functioning showed an overall IQ of 63, which means you are functioning in the extremely low range when compared to other members of the community.
67Dr Yeoman believed the low IQ was more likely due to physical trauma and continued drug use, rather than it being a neurodevelopmental result. She noted it would create a difficulty for you in the ordinary organisation that a person must undertake in their life, but also believed there may have been damage to your frontal lobes which was associated with deficits in attention, inhibition and working memory.
68She stated:
'The deficits have influenced Mr Short's behaviour by comparing his ability to exercise appropriate judgment and to make clear and rational choices. The results of the assessment also indicate that he was likely to have been disinhibited at the time the offences were committed. His judgment and disinhibition would have further been exacerbated due to drugs consumed. These factors may reduce or mitigate his moral culpability as per Verdins' principles and should be considered when determining sentence'.
69It was submitted by your counsel that I should deal with you by way of a combination disposition, that is the imposition of a term of imprisonment combined with a community corrections order. I have rejected that submission.
70In my view you in the community present a danger to women, specifically your partners. That is even more so the case when you are using drugs. It seems fairly clear that much of the offending this court has to deal with relates to offending committed by you under the influence of drugs such as ice and heroin.
71I accept that you actually do now suffer an intellectual disability as a result of all the drugs that you have taken, and all the physical violence you have engaged in over the years, in particular the fights that you spoke about in your 20s when you were abusing alcohol.
72It was submitted that you are not an appropriate vehicle for general deterrence. To some extent I agree with that submission, but it is my firm view that the principle of protection of the community is the main principle to which I must have regard.
73What I mean, Mr Short, is that you are a danger to other people, that is the women that you may have relationships with, because you hit them and you monster them and you threaten them and you terrify them. These are the people I have to protect from you.
74I accept that to some extent your low IQ, your what is described as relatively mild acquired brain injury, has had some influence in your offending, that is that there has been frontal lobe damage in your brain which leads to a loss of control.
75However, this has been caused by you continually using drugs. Also your violence is made worse by the fact that it usually occurs when you are using drugs. There was a victim impact statement from Amanda Burke where she talked about how terrified she still is of you, of how isolated she feels, of the fact that she had to go into safe housing.
76You have completely terrified her and made her life and Abigail’s life much more difficult. As to your ability to organise, the problem I have with Dr Yeoman's report, even though I accept the testing, is that you showed a number of organisational skills. You organised a lot of people to contact Andrea on your behalf while you were in gaol, and you managed to get yourself off to Tasmania to live with friends.
77You seem to be able to function fairly effectively in the community in terms of getting yourself around and you appear to be able to have relationships with other people. There is a second part to any testing that is done to decide whether a person falls under the intellectual disability services offered by the appropriate government department, formerly known as DHHS.
78That is called the Adaptability test and it examines how you operate in the community. On the material I have in front of me, you make your way around fairly well. I note that you still enjoy the support of your son, who is apparently prepared to have you live with him, although he has written nothing to that effect.
79I note that you also have the support of your mother, although she appears to be struggling since your father's death. So you have some family support. You have undertaken a drug program and I would imagine that this is the longest you have stayed drug and alcohol free in your whole life. Is that right? Yes, I thought so.
80I have got no doubt that you have got the ability to do well in gaol. My problem is with what happens when you get out. In my view the offending is very serious offending. It is domestic violence. It went on for eight years and it involved the terrorisation of two women, both of whom were in a relationship with you, both of whom obviously loved you and cared for you, and both of whom became terrified of you.
81Domestic violence is considered extremely seriously by the courts. Anyone who hits women around can confidently expect to go to gaol and you are in gaol and you are going to get more gaol. In sentencing you I take into account the fact that both of these matters settled before anyone had to be cross-examined.
82I note that the offences contained in indictment ending 384 also settled at contested committal. I accept that you had a difficult upbringing. I accept that you now suffered an acquired brain injury. It is hard to estimate the level of brain injury when this offending began in 2009, and the problem is you have got a long history of violence. You also have got a history of many people taking out intervention orders against you, and a long history of you breaching those orders.
83I am going to have to use formal language now, Mr Short. Your counsel will explain it to you. In sentencing you I must have regard to specific deterrence which I regard as relevant to the sentencing exercise before me.
84I must have regard to general deterrence, I must have regard to the principles of protection of the community and there must be some element of punishment. I modify and moderate that sentencing by reference to your low functioning IQ.
85I accept that you have done well in gaol. As I said, it is only prisoners who show particularly good behaviour in gaol who are recruited to the peer listening program. You have now been in custody for 652 days, including today, however in my view this is not sufficient, and you will be sentenced to further custody.
86In sentencing you I take into account the matters which tell against you, but I also take into account your good performance in gaol and the fact that you do have an acquired brain injury, low functioning and are likely disinhibited, making it more likely as well that you will lash out at people in this way.
87I will ensure that the neuropsychological report is forwarded to the Post Sentence Authority for appropriate use in the formulation of parole conditions. I therefore sentence you as follows.
88I am going to deal first with you in relation to indictment ending 534. Charge 1, you are sentenced to nine months' imprisonment. Charge 2, you are sentenced to six months' imprisonment. Charge 3, you sentenced to eight months' imprisonment. Charge 4, you are sentenced to six months' imprisonment. Charge 5, you are sentenced to six months' imprisonment. Charge 6, you are sentenced to three months' imprisonment. Charge 7, you are sentenced to five months' imprisonment. The base sentence will be the sentence imposed on Charge 1.
89I order that three months of the sentences imposed on Charges 2, 4 and 5, four months of the sentence imposed on Charge 3, one month of the sentence imposed on Charge 6 and two months of the sentence imposed on Charge 7, be served cumulatively to the sentence imposed on Charge 1 and to each other. That should give a total effective sentence on that indictment of
24 months or two years.90In relation to indictment ending 384 on Charges 1 to 4 you are sentenced to six months' imprisonment. On Charge 5 you are sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment. On Charge 6 you are sentenced to nine months' imprisonment, and on each of the summary offences you are sentenced to three months' imprisonment. The base sentence will be the sentence imposed on Charge 5, 12 months.
91I order that four months of the sentence imposed on Charge 6 and three months of each of the sentences imposed on Charges 1, 2, 3 and 4, and one month of the sentence imposed on the summary offences be served cumulatively to the sentence imposed on Charge 5, and to each other, giving a total effective sentence of 30 months, that is two years and six months.
92I order that one year of the sentence imposed on indictment ending 334 be served cumulatively to the sentence imposed on indictment ending 384, giving a total effective sentence of three years and six months, and I order that you serve two years and four months before becoming eligible for parole. I declare that 652 days of this sentence have already been served by way of pre-sentence detention.
93Pursuant to s.6AAA I declare that had you not pleaded guilty I would have sentenced you to a term of imprisonment of five years and order that you serve a minimum term of three years and six months. Thank you.
94OFFENDER: I don't understand that, Your Honour. What do I end up getting in the end?
95HER HONOUR: In the end you got three years, three and a half years on the top, and two years and four months on the bottom, and you have already served 652 days. Does that make sense to you?
96OFFENDER: Yes, thank you very much.
97HER HONOUR: That is all right, you have got a few more months to go.
Mr Short, you have got to get yourself in order.98OFFENDER: Yes, Your Honour, I understand I've done the wrong thing and them women, they're the mothers of my daughters and I knew I done the wrong thing, you know.
99HER HONOUR: You did not say you did the wrong thing when the police talked to you, did you? You did not tell the police that. You said you didn't do anything.
100OFFENDER: I said to her there's something wrong inside my head, but they didn't bring that up at all.
101HER HONOUR: I tell you what, there is something wrong inside your head because you have used so many drugs and when you are using ice, anyone who uses ice straight away gets something wrong in their head.
102OFFENDER: I 100 per cent agree with you.
103HER HONOUR: Because when you're using ice you're twice as likely to belt your missus, aren't you?
104OFFENDER: I agree. I honestly agree. Before I touched drugs, I never hit a woman, work that out.
105HER HONOUR: Yes, I know. You work it out. You're the one that's got to work it out, Mr Short.
106OFFENDER: That just says it all then, doesn't it?
107HER HONOUR: Mr Short, you're the one that kept using ice all those years and you're the one that kept hitting Amanda and kept hitting Andrea and that's why you are sitting where you are now, so you have a good look.
108OFFENDER: I understand that.
109HER HONOUR: You have a good look and drugs and when you get on parole ‑ ‑ ‑
110OFFENDER: I'm on the program too. I've never been on methadone before. I'm on a program so that's that.
111HER HONOUR: I think that's fantastic. Methadone is good, that's fantastic. Good luck to you, Mr Short, you just make sure when you come out you stay on that methadone and off the drugs and you'll be right, okay?
112OFFENDER: Thank you, Your Honour.
113HER HONOUR: Thank you very much, Mr Short. I thank counsel for their assistance in this matter. Is there anything else that I need to refer to?
114MS ZAMMIT: No, Your Honour.
115HER HONOUR: Does that cover everything?
116MS ZAMMIT: Yes, Your Honour.
117HER HONOUR: Thank you very much.
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