Director of Public Prosecutions v Dunstan
[2020] VCC 1730
•29 October 2020
| IN THE COUNTY COURT OF VICTORIA | Revised (Not) Restricted Suitable for Publication |
AT MELBOURNE
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
CR 19-00973
| DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS | |||
| v | |||
| GARETH DUNSTAN | |||
JUDGE: | HIS HONOUR JUDGE DOYLE | ||
WHERE HELD: | Melbourne | ||
DATE OF HEARING: | 15 October 2020 | ||
DATE OF SENTENCE: | 29 October 2020 | ||
CASE MAY BE CITED AS: | DPP v Dunstan | ||
MEDIUM NEUTRAL CITATION: | [2020] VCC 1730 | ||
REASONS FOR SENTENCE
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Subject: CRIMINAL LAW
Catchwords: Sentence, guilty plea, use a carriage service to access child pornography, possess child abuse material obtained or accessed using a carriage service, sex offenders registration, COVID-19, recognizance release order
Legislation Cited: s.20(1)(b) of the Crimes Act (Cth) 1914; s.16 A(1) of the Crimes Act (Cth); s.6AAA of the Sentencing Act
Cases Cited:DPP v Smith [2010] VSCA 215; DPP v Garside [2016] VSCA 74;
Sentence:20 months imprisonment with release under section 20(1)(b) of the Crimes Act (Cth) 1914 after serving 6 months of the term of imprisonment and upon giving security by recognizance of $1000
S6AAA declaration: 30 months imprisonment with a minimum non-parole period of 15 months
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APPEARANCES: | Counsel | Solicitors | |
| For the Director of Public Prosecutions | Ms V. Hogarth | Office of Public Prosecutions | |
For the Accused | Ms E. Clark | James Dowsley & Associates | |
HIS HONOUR:
Gareth Dunstan you have pleaded guilty to one charge of use a carriage service to access child pornography material contrary to sub-section 474.19(1) of the Criminal Code (Cth) for which the maximum penalty is 15 years' imprisonment and one charge of possess child abuse material obtained or accessed using a carriage service contrary to sub-section 474.22A(1) of the Criminal Code (Cth) for which the maximum penalty is also 15 years' imprisonment.
The offending in this case spanned the period between 16 April 2015 and 17 March 2020.
Circumstances of the offending
You were born on 31 August 1966 and are currently aged 54. At the time of the offending you were aged between 49 and 53 years.
Between 16 April 2015 and 17 April 2019, you accessed a child exploitation website known as ‘Website M’ to purchase child abuse material on 7 occasions. Following the execution of a search warrant at your premises, you were found to be in possession of 6,036 child abuse items in the form of videos and images.
Offending
Using a carriage service to access child pornography material (Charge 1)
‘Website M’ is a fee-based, members only, commercial child exploitation website that claims to offer 600,000 images and 400 hours of video which can be downloaded for a fee as encrypted files. Reviews of the website indicate approximately half of the images and more than half of the videos advertised depict prepubescent and pubescent males and female engaged in sexual activity with adults and/or posed in a sexually explicit manner.
You purchased material from Website M on the following dates: 16 April 2015, 21 June 2015, 27 October 2018, twice on 3 November 2018, 9 November 2018 and 17 April 2019.
The material was purchased using your email, residential address, mobile number and two separate VISA cards held in your name.
The material was classified in accordance with the Child Exploitation Material classification using the Australian Child Exploitation Categorisation Scheme (ACESC) which is detailed in the Prosecution Opening which was read and tendered as Exhibit 1 on the plea.
The scale classifies the activity depicted in child pornography or child abuse material in an ascending order of gravity as follows: Category 1, nudity, surreptitious images showing underwear or nakedness, sexually suggestive posing with an emphasis on genital areas; Category 2, non-penetrative sexual activity between children, or solo masturbation by a child; Category 3, non-penetrative sexual activity between adults and children; Category 4, penetrative sexual activity between children or adults and children; Category 5, sadism, humiliation or bestiality material.
10. The child abuse material contained in the packages you purchased has been classified as follows:
i.‘Flash Script 21’ was purchased on 16 April 2015. It contained 38 separate folders. Within each folder were 100 images of a girl aged between 12 and 13 years. A total of 500 hundred Category 1 images were located within the folders and included images of a female child in costumes or swimwear posing in various positions with her legs spread with an emphasis on the vaginal area. I understand that all the images to have been of one child based on the summary.
ii.‘Flash Script 86’ purchased on 21 June 2015 contained 4 separate folders with each folder containing 100 images of a girl aged between 12 and 13 years. A total of 150 Category 1 were located of the female child in various costumes and posing in various sexualised positions with an emphasis on the vaginal region. Additionally, a single Category 4 image was identified and included an image of the female child being vaginally penetrated by an adult male’s penis.
iii.‘Java Script 20’ purchased on 27 October 2018 contained 30 folders with each folder containing 100 images of a female child aged between 12 and 13 years. A total of 1,000 Category 1 images were located of the female child wearing superhero costumes and posing sexually in various stages of undressing to being completely naked. An example image is of the female child wearing a Spiderman costume, laying on her back, naked from the waist down and spreading her legs with an emphasis on her vagina.
iv.‘Perl Script 161’ purchased on 3 November 2018 at 15:59 pm contained a single Category 1 video lasting 6 minutes and 56 seconds. The video is titled “Daisy-purple-naughty-girl” and shows a female child aged between 10 and 13 years posing on her knees, wearing a G-string including a closeup shot of the child pulling the G-string into her vagina.
v.‘Perl Script 133’ purchased on 3 November 2018 later on in the day contained a single Category 5 video lasting 6 minutes and 8 seconds. The video depicted two female children aged between 13 and 15 years old masturbating an adult male wearing a dress. The video includes footage of the adult male laying on his back while one of the children urinates on his face.
vi.‘Perl Script 176’ purchased on 9 November 2018 contained 8 videos, 7 of which were Category 1 and the other was a Category 2. The Category 1 videos were of scantily clad female children aged between 10 and 12 years with an emphasis on their vaginal region. The Category 2 video is a 26 minute and 26 second video showing two girls aged between 10 and 12 spreading chocolate sauce over one another, rubbing their vaginas over their underwear and licking the chocolate sauce of one another’s breasts.
vii.‘PHP Script 51’ purchased on 17 April 2019 contained 7 Category 2 videos. All videos showed girls aged between 10 and 12 years old alone in their bedrooms performing sexual acts for a camera. An example video is a 4 minute and 14 second video showing a female child aged approximately 10 years recording herself undress and inserting a highlighter pen into her vagina.
11.In total there were:
Category 1: 1,650 images and 8 videos
Category 2: 8 videos
Category 5: 1 video
Possess child abuse material obtained or accessed using a carriage service (Charge 2)
12.On 17 March 2020 a search warrant was executed at your residential address.
13.During the warrant the following items were seized and later on identified as containing child abuse material:
i.HP Envy Laptop Computer
ii.SanDisk 32GB USB
iii.Samsung Mobile Phone
iv.Samsung 32GB Tablet
14.Example descriptions of the images and videos possessed included:
i.A Category 1 image example is of a female child aged between 13 and 15, naked from the waist down laying on her back with her legs spread to show her vagina;
ii.A Category 2 video example is an 8 minute and 21 second video of two girls aged between 10 and 13 years undressing in front of a web camera together and posing in front of the camera while spreading their vaginas.
iii.A Category 4 image example is 36 small images contained within one large image. The smaller images show females aged between 12 and 17, predominantly next to adult males. Four of the females are performing oral sex on an adult male and one female was being vaginally penetrated by an adult male’s penis.
15.In total across the four devices, 5922 Category 1 images were located and one video, 108 Category 2 images and three videos and 2 Category 4 images. In total there were 6032 images and 4 videos in this material.
Record of Interview
16.On 17 March 2020 you participated in a record of interview. You made the following admissions:
· You had purchased child abuse material online;
· You first accessed child abuse material in 2015;
· When viewing material you would exercise your judgement to select girls who looked more like women, you avoided 8 year old girls for example but you were more interested in 14 to 15 year old girls;
· You suggested there was “a bit of excitement factor if it’s underage”;
· You used your mobile phone, email and credit cards to purchase the material;
· The material was used for masturbation and personal satisfaction;
· Children by themselves made you more curious than those with adults present; and
· You said you had always been interested in teenage girls.
17.You were forthright in providing the locations where you had saved child abuse material and in providing passwords to your devices.
Pleas of guilty, remorse and cooperation with police
18.Following on from your co-operation with police after your offending was detected, you pleaded guilty at a committal mention in July, which was the earliest opportunity. Your guilty pleas are of significant utilitarian benefit heightened given the current suspension of jury trials soon to resume in Victoria but which has created a substantial backlog over the period those trials have been suspended.
21.I accept your pleas of guilty are indicative of remorse for your conduct, and your willingness to facilitate the course of justice, which is also demonstrated by your full cooperation with the police. Your subsequent engagement in a sex offender treatment program and some of the progress you have made as evidenced in the psychological material to which I will return are also indicative of some insight and remorse.
Personal history
22.Mr Dunstan, you have one son. You live with your family in Mount Waverley. They remain supportive of you. Your wife and son have provided references. You have clearly been a good father to your son and a supportive husband and you have earned their continued support.
23.You have a close relationship with your son, who is in his final year of a Computer Science at university. You maintain a close relationship with your parents, both of whom are still alive.
24.You did extremely well academically in your final year of school at Melbourne High School in 1984 and you went on to complete 2.5 years of a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering at Melbourne University.
25.You then deferred your studies and started working and never returned to complete the degree.
26.You have been employed at a research company for the last 33 years. You have been a technical team leader since 2012 and you oversee a team of 15 data analysts who process data and prepare databases for clients across a range of industries. This morning I discussed with Ms Clark what is the situation with your employment. As a result of this offending, the attendant publicity and my indication that you will have to serve a period of immediate imprisonment, you have lost that employment and I have regard to your loss of employment as a relevant matter in sentencing.
27.Just by way of background, you played competitive tennis for 25 years and then after that, you have been involved in tenpin bowling since around 15 years ago.
28.You do not have any substance abuse issues.
Psychological profile and risk of re-offending
29.You were assessed by Dr Mathew Barth, forensic psychologist, to identify any underlying mental health conditions and to determine your risk of reoffending.
30.In his report dated 8 October 2020, Dr Barth notes that you are of above average intelligence and do not suffer from any mental health disorder and you never have. Your intelligence is apparent from your school results, your tertiary study and your consistent employment over a number of decades.
31.Dr Barth however said that you present as introverted and socially awkward and that you have struggled to develop close emotional connections to others. Within your marriage you have struggled to meet your intimacy needs and this has contributed to your ongoing dissatisfaction and detachment in this part of your life. The psychologist who has been treating you on the sex offender treatment program also identified your struggles with intimacy and within your marriage as a causative factor in respect of the offending in this case.
32.Dr Barth said you do have some relevant risk factors the most significant being that your offending spanned several years, what he described as your limited insight into your conduct, intimacy deficits, deficits in your social skills and deviant sexual arousal patterns which underpinned you conduct. All of these go to your risk of reoffending, the need for you to have extended treatment and of course to your prospects of rehabilitation.
33.You have participated, as I said, in a sex offenders’ treatment program with psychologist Peter Hanley. You have attended three sessions commencing on 9 September 2020. Dr Barth says of your progress that you have engaged well in offence specific treatment and your behavioural adjustment in the community has been stable. He does note your treatment is in its incipient stages but your positive attitude is a positive prognostic factor. He said this of your risk of reoffending:
“He is a moderate risk of reoffending however "with the continuation of
specialist sex-offender treatment, this risk is ultimately expected to reduce.
It should be noted that such risk of recidivism as is extant in Mr Dunstan’s
case would almost entirely relate to his use of the internet or other ‘virtual’
offending."[1]
[1] Report of Dr Barth dated 8 October 2020 at paragraph 42
Dr Barth said that:
“the most pressing need is for you, Mr Dunstan, is to complete specialist sex offender treatment. He said that the focus should be on goals of insight development, continued enhancement of victim empathy, fantasy management and relapse-prevention training.”
Prospects of rehabilitation
34.Mr Hanley notes that you have good initial progress in treatment and that you have made some positive steps developing insight and that you have expressed a commitment to addressing treatment goals and a commitment to abstaining from all forms of pornography. Mr Hanley also noted similar risk factors as expressed by Dr Barth.
35.I do regard your participation in this program as an encouraging step but one that would have had greater significance had you undertaken it somewhat earlier than the early part of September of this year.
36.However, I do regard your prospects of rehabilitation as relatively positive having regard to the following matter: you have no prior convictions; you have accepted responsibility and demonstrated remorse; you have participated in treatment and made some progress towards rehabilitation; you have an impressive work history; you are obviously intelligent and you do not suffer from any substance abuse or have any cognitive difficulties which would impede your rehabilitation and you have ongoing family support.
Previous good character
37.You have no prior convictions or any findings of guilt at all.
38.I have already referred to the letters from your son, and your wife which attest to your good character beyond simply your lack of prior convictions.
39.Your previous good character and the lack of prior convictions are relevant in relation to the need for specific deterrence and in respect of my assessment of your prospects of rehabilitation as I think I have already indicated.
Impact of imprisonment
40.Your lack of prior contact with the prison system and the fact that you will be separated from your wife and your son for the first time does in my view mean that a term of imprisonment is likely to weigh heavily on you.
41.You are the sole income earner in your family and the impact of the loss of your employment and its effects on your employability after you are released are matters that will also weigh heavily on you.
COVID-19
42.The outbreak of COVID-19 will impact the burden of your period of imprisonment in the following ways:
·Concern for your own health should the virus spread within the prison system;
·Concern for the health of your family and loved ones in the community, including your elderly parents and parents-in-law;
·The absence of face-to-face visits that are suspended at the moment indefinitely;
·Reduced access to programs, education, exercise and employment; and
·The situation where lockdowns have been prevalent during the course of the pandemic.
43.You will be required to quarantine upon entry into the system and lack of face-to-face visits will be onerous and increase the burden of your imprisonment and I have had regard to these matters in formulating the sentence in this case.
Sentencing principles
44.The offences you have committed are serious as reflected by the maximum penalties for each charge.
45.The principles in sentencing for offences of child pornography are well established.
46.In cases involving the possession of child pornography those children depicted in the images are of course victims of your offending. In accessing and possessing these images you supported the market at the heart of which is the abuse and exploitation of these children. The protection of these children is a very important sentencing consideration.
47.In the case of DPP v Garside [2016] VSCA 74, sentencing guidance was provided by the Court of Appeal. In paragraph 62 of the joint reasons of Their Honours Redlich and Beach JJA, they said this:
"What is clear from all the authorities is that access to child pornography is regarded as very serious, morally depraved conduct that is harmful to children. The authorities speak with one voice that a term of immediate imprisonment will ordinarily be expected for such offending. This proposition must be considered in the circumstances of the individual case that is being dealt with."[2]
[2]DPP v Garside [2016] VSCA 74 paragraph 62
48.Speaking generally, in sentencing for child pornography offences, Nettle JA, as he then was, in DPP v Smith [2010] VSCA 215 said this:
“General deterrence is regarded as the paramount consideration because of the public interest in stifling the provision and use of child pornography; and less or limited weight is given to an offender’s prior good character because it has been the experience of the courts that such offences are committed frequently by persons of otherwise good character.”[3]
[3]DPP v Smith [2010] VSCA 215 at paragraph 23
49.The difficulty of detection given the anonymity provided by the Internet is another relevant consideration supporting the primary role of general deterrence as does the prevalence of such offending with child abuse material increasingly accessible via the internet. Having said that, and I will return to this, I note that you did use your own identification and credit cards in the purchase of the material from the website.
50.The following factors are relevant to the assessment of the nature and the circumstances of the offending:
i.the nature and content of the material, in particular the age of the children and the gravity of the sexual activity depicted;
ii.the number of items or images possessed;
iii.whether the material is for the purposes of sale or further distribution;
iv.whether the offender will profit from the offence;
v.in the case of possession or access of child pornography for personal use, the number of children depicted and thereby victimised; and
vi.the length of time for which the pornographic material was possessed.
51.The prosecution submitted and I accept that serious aspects of your offending include: that you paid for the images from the Website M of child abuse material and doing so you were financially supporting the market for child abuse material; the total number of images in this case is significant; the number of children depicted was also significant; the images included a Category 5 image; that whilst most of the material was Category 1 this does not really diminish the gravity of the offending given the nature of the Category 1 content; that the offending took place over a 4 year period including purchases on 7 occasions and that the duration of the offending and the large volume indicates you obtained sexual gratification from the material. It does not seem to me that you dispute this last point with respect to sexual gratification.
52.It was submitted by your counsel Ms Clark that your offending falls towards the lower end of the spectrum, having regard to the following:
· that the majority of the images fall into Category 1 and that there are very few images/videos in the more serious categories;
· that the children depicted were primarily pubescent rather than
pre-pubescent, that goes to the age of the children which is a relevant factor;· that, she submitted, the number of items is moderate compared to some cases of this type, where there are often figures in the tens of thousands, but it was conceded that the amount of material here was not a small amount;
· that the material was purely for his own purposes, not for further sale or distribution and that you did not stand to make any financial gain; and
· that it appears that there were groups of images of children rather than each piece of material relating to a different child.
53.It was conceded on your behalf that the material was accessed over a lengthy period but it was submitted by Ms Clark that your offending lacked sophistication in that you made no attempts to disguise your online purchase, you made full admissions to police and assisted them in locating the material on your devices. I accept the offending lacked sophistication in that you used your own credit cards; however, by purchasing the child abuse material, you were feeding the market which this an aggravating matter.
54. Whilst a large portion of the material falls into the lower categories, regard must be had to the fact that a wide range of activity can be depicted within, for example, Category 1. Sentencing authority establishes that it is necessary to ensure that the absence of material in higher levels of classification does unconsciously result in a minimisation of the objective gravity of the possession of the lower level categories of material. Nonetheless in assessing the gravity of the offending in this case it would have been an aggravating matter had the children in the images been younger and if a substantial number of the images had been in the more depraved and abusive higher categories.
Submissions
55.It was submitted on your behalf by Ms Clark that specific deterrence ought not overwhelm other considerations having regard to your lack of prior history and the steps already taken by you to address your offending behaviour.
56.She acknowledged the relevance of denunciation, deterrence both specific and general, and just punishment.
57.Ms Clark submitted that your offending is not a case where community protection looms large and necessitates the imposition of a more severe sentence.
58.She submitted that your offending occurred in the context of a decline and cessation in your intimate relationship with your wife and that you thereafter relied on
internet-based pornography as a sexual outlet. As I follow it, this submission derives from the material in Mr Hanley's report. Your use became compulsive and you viewed a wide range of material which ultimately led you to accessing child exploitation material.59.It was submitted that whilst this does not excuse your offending, it assists to understand a man such as yourself with no prior convictions comes before the Court for the first time at the age of 54.
60.Ms Clark submitted I should impose a term of imprisonment but release you on recognisance immediately.
61.She emphasised s 16 A(1) of the Crimes Act (Cth) which provides that I must impose a sentence that is no more severe than is necessary in the circumstances.
62.The prosecutor Ms Hogarth submitted that having regard to the serious aspects of the offending and in particular the primacy of general deterrence a period of imprisonment was appropriate. She submitted specific deterrence was also an important consideration and pointed out that you have only participated in the sexual offenders' treatment program since September.
63.Mr Dunstan, your offending is clearly serious and, in my view, having regard to the large number of images accessed and possessed, the number of children depicted, the duration of the offending in Charge 1 and the fact that you paid for child abuse material, a period if immediate imprisonment has to be imposed to meet the purposes of sentencing which include specific deterrence but particularly I must emphasise general deterrence. The court must also denounce conduct such as yours which contributes to the depraved child pornography industry.
Comparative cases
64.I have had regard to the comparative cases provided by the prosecution. They are one factor to consider with all of the other factors I must consider in the instinctive synthesis of sentencing.
Concurrency Cumulation
65.There is a need for some cumulation between the offences in this case. The offending across the two offences covers similar but separate conduct. However, I must apply the totality principle to the offending to ensure your overall sentence remains just and appropriate.
66.The sentence I will impose will allow for a lengthy period of supervision where you will be required to participate is a sex offenders' program. The period of supervision recognises your pervious good character and what I regard as your positive prospects of rehabilitation with support. It is, in my view, in the interests of the community that you are obliged to participate in the sex offenders' treatment program for an extended period as part of the sentence to promote your rehabilitation.
Sentence
67.Mr Dunstan, if you could please stand. Just bear with me for a moment.
68.In relation to Charge 1, I sentence you to a period of imprisonment of 15 months. That sentence is to commence today.
69.In relation to Charge 2, I sentence you to a period of imprisonment for a period of 12 months. That sentence is to commence 7 months before the expiration of the sentence on Charge 1 which makes a total effective sentence of 20 months. So it is effectively five months cumulative on Charge 1.
70.Can I just check? Is that framed correctly, Ms Hogarth?
71.MS HOGARTH: Yes, Your Honour, it is.
72.HIS HONOUR: All right. Thank you.
73.Now, Mr Dunstan, if you agree, I will release you under section 20(1)(b) of the Crimes Act (Cth) 1914 after serving 6 months of the term of imprisonment and upon you giving security by recognizance of $1000 to comply with the following conditions:
A. that you are of good behaviour for 2 years; and
B. that you are to be under the supervision of the Deputy Commissioner, Community Correctional Services and Sex Offender Management or his or her nominee for a period of 2 years; and
C. that you are to attend for assessment and, if assessed as suitable, treatment for sex offender program or programs to reduce re-offending as directed by Deputy Commissioner, Community Correctional Services and Sex Offender Management or his or her nominees; and
D. that you are to report to Box Hill Community Corrections Centre, 703 Station Street, Box Hill, 3128, 2 days after your release from custody.
74.Now, the purpose and effect of this recognisance release order is to grant you conditional freedom after 6 months of the period of imprisonment. The conditions are that you are to be of good behaviour for 2 years and attend for assessment and participate in the programs as ordered. If you breach the recognisance release order you will be brought back before the court, most likely before me, to be dealt with for that breach and you may be required to serve the remaining term of imprisonment, or the order may be extended or revoked. It may also mean that you would forfeit the sum of $1000.
75.I ask Ms Clark to explain the consequences and the operation of the order to you and if you agree, I will have you sign that recognisance.
76.In addition, as a result of sentencing you in respect of Charge 1, which I understand is a Class 2 offence, pursuant to the Sex Offenders Registration Act, the registrable period is 8 years. I will have the documentation that explains your obligations under the Sex Offenders Registration Act, I will again ask Ms Clark to explain the workings of that order to you and I would ask you to sign the attached document to confirm the receipt of that information.
77.The 6AAA is 30 months with release after the expiration of 15 months.
78.Now, can I - I will just check with you, Ms Hogarth, is that recognisance framed in the correct terms?
79.MS HOGARTH: Yes, I think so, Your Honour.
80.HIS HONOUR: Yes. All right. Thank you. All right. If that document could be provided for Mr Dunstan's signature.
81.HIS HONOUR: Well, that has all been explained and he has signed the document. The effect of all this, Mr Dunstan, is you have to serve a period of 6 months after which you will be released with this condition of good behaviour and that you participate in these programs and you need to do that or the matter can all come back before me.
82.The sex offenders registration is a mandatory period that arises because of the finding of guilt in relation to Charge 1. Ms Hogarth, that is right, is it not? It is Charge 1. Charge 2 is not a registrable offence.
83.MS HOGARTH: Not at the moment, as I understand the legislative framework, Your Honour.
84.HIS HONOUR: Yes, it seemed a bit odd, I must say, when I looked at the nature of the charge and I checked it but that is the way it is.
85.MS HOGARTH: Yes.
86.HIS HONOUR: Yes. All right.
87.MS CLARK: Your Honour, can I indicate that, as I did with Your Honour's associate, that there is a forfeiture order.
88.HIS HONOUR: Yes.
89.MS CLARK: It had been indicated that it was not by consent. It is.
90.HIS HONOUR: Yes. It is by consent.
91.MS CLARK: I have looked over the section - - -
92.HIS HONOUR: Yes.
93.MS CLARK: - - - and it seems that it is mandatory because - - -
94.HIS HONOUR: Yes. All right. This is for all the various devices.
95.MS CLARK: Yes.
96.HIS HONOUR: All right.
97.MS CLARK: Because they are in connection with the offending, they do not belong to anyone else in the house. So there is no objection. That order can be made, Your Honour.
98.HIS HONOUR: All right. Ms Hogarth, there is no opposition to the forfeiture orders so I will make those.
99.MS HOGARTH: Yes.
100.HIS HONOUR: I will make those orders. I will make the orders in chambers and they will be sent through.
101.MS HOGARTH: Thank you, Your Honour.
102.HIS HONOUR: All right. And copies of this documentation will also be emailed through.
103.All right. Now, anything that needs to be clarified from all of that - - -
104.MS HOGARTH: Not from my - - -
105.HIS HONOUR: - - - from either counsel?
106.MS CLARK: No, Your Honour.
107.HIS HONOUR: All right. I thank both counsel. Mr Dunstan can be removed.
108.MS HOGARTH: May it please the court.
109.HIS HONOUR: And I will stand down till 2.15.
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