Commissioner of Police v Allan

Case [1982] AFPDT 4


I N THE FEDERAL POLICE )
) No. 4 o f 1982
DISCIPLINARY TRIBUNAL )

T H E COMMISSIONER OF POLICE

a g a i n s t

SENIOR CONSTABLE J O H N GERRARD ALLAN

D E C I S I O N

TRIBUNAL M r J . R . B . N o r r i s Q . C . (Member)
DATE 17 November 1982

THE TRIBUNAL DECIDES THAT:

1. S e n i o r C o n s t a b l e J o h n G e r r a r d A l l a n i s g u i l t y : -
( a ) o f e a c h b r e a c h o f d i s c i p l i n e a l l e g e d i n t h e
n o t i c e s d a t e d 3 1 J u l y 1982 s i g n e d by t h e
C o m m i s s i o n e r p u r s u a n t t o R e g u l a t i o n 1 9 o f t h e
A u s t r a l i a n F e d e r a l P o l i c e ( D i s c i p l i n e )
R e g u l a t i o n s , a n d w h i c h b e a r t h e f o l l o w i n g
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n n u m b e r s : -
AFP : 1 1 8 2 8 3
AFP : 2 1 8 2 8 3
AFP : 3 1 8 2 8 3
AFP : 4 1 8 2 8 3
AFP : 5 / 8 2 8 3

a n d ;

( b o f t h e b r e a c h o f d i s c i p l i n e a l l e g e d i n t h e
n o t i c e d a t e d 1 3 A u g u s t 1982 s i g n e d b y t h e
D e p u t y C o m m i s s i o n e r o f P o l i c e p u r s u a n t t o
R e g u l a t i o n 1 9 o f t h e A u s t r a l i a n F e d e r a l P o l i c e
( D i s c i p l i n e ) R e g u l a t i o n s , a n d w h i c h b e a r s
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number AFP : 1 1 1 8 2 8 3 .
2 . The p r o c e e d i n g s b e r e m i t t e d t o t h e C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r t h e
i m p o s i t i o n o f a p e n a l t y o n S e n i o r C o n s t a b l e J o h n G e r r a r d A l l a n
i n r e s p e c t o f t h e s a i d b r e a c h e s o f
I N THE FEDERAL POLICE )
1 No. 5 o f 1982
DISCIPLINARY TRIBUNAL )

THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE

a g a i n s t

DETECTIVE SENIOR CONSTABLE

PETER J O H N HARDCASTLE

D E C I S I O N

TRIBUNAL M r J . R . B . N o r r i s Q . C . (Member)
/':  C)
DATE 17 November 1982

THE TRIBUNAL DECIDES THAT:

1. D e t e c t i v e S e n i o r C o n s t a b l e P e t e r Jo.hn H a r d c a s t l e i s
g u i l t y o f e a c h b r e a c h o f d i s c i p l i n e a l l e g e d i n t h e n o t i c e s
d a t e d 3 1 J u l y 1 9 8 2 s i g n e d by t h e C o m m i s s i o n e r p u r s u a n t t o
R e g u l a t i o n 19 of t h e A u s t r a l i a n F e d e r a l P o l i c e ( D i s c i p l i n e )
R e g u l a t i o n s , a n d w h i c h b e a r t h e f o l l o w i n g i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
numbers :  -
AFP : 6 1 8 2 8 3
AFP : 718283
AFP : 818283
AFP : 9 1 8 2 8 3
AFP : 1018283
2 . The p r o c e e d i n g s b e r e m i t t e d t o t h e C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r t h e
i m p o s i t i o n o f a p e n a l t y o n D e t e c t i v e S e n i o r C o n s t a b l e
P e t e r J o h n H a r d c a s t l e i n r e s p e c t o f t h e s a i d b r e a c h e s o f

d i s c i p l i n e .

J . R . B . NORRIS Q . C .
L. Member
. I
I N THE FEDERAL POLICE ) No. 4 o f 1982
1
DISCIPLINARY TRIBUNAL ) No. 5 o f 1982

THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE

l l l

a g a i n s t

SENIOR CONSTABLE J O H N GERRARD ALLAN

THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE

a g a i n s t l

DETECTIVE SENIOR CONSTABLE PETER

J O H N HARDCASTLE
I N THE MATTER o f t h e C o m p l a i n t s
( A u s t r a l i a n F e d e r a l P o l i c e ) A c t 1 9 8 1
REASONS FOR DECISION MR J . R . B . NORRIS Q . C . 1
17 November 1982
D e t e c t i v e S e n i o r C o n s t a b l e J o h n G e r r a r d A l l a n h a s b e e n
c h a r g e d w i t h a number o f o f f e n c e s i n v o l v i n g a l l e g a t i o n s o f a s s a u l t
o n v a r i o u s members of t h e community a n d ~ e t e c t i v e S e n i o r C o n s t a b l e

f" ,

c' P e t e r J o h n H a r d c a s t l e h a s b e e n c h a r g e d i n r e s p e c t o f s u c h
a l l e g a t i o n s w i t h b e i n g k n o w i n g l y c o n c e r n e d i n t h e c o m m i s s i o n o f
t h e s a i d a s s a u l t s .
Onus i n r e s p e c t o f a l l t h e s e c h a r g e s i s t h e c i v i l o n u s o f
p r o o f , t h a t i s , on t h e b a l a n c e o f p r o b a b i l i t i e s , b e a r i n g i n mind
h o w e v e r t h e g r a v i t y o f t h e c h a r g e s a g a i n s t t h e o f f i c e r s c o n c e r n e d
( S c a n e s v W i l s o n 22 FLR 262 a t 268 a n d 269) . I n a l l t h e
c i r c u m s t a n c e s , I am s a t i s f i e d , h a v i n g r e g a r d t o t h a t o n u s , t h a t t h e
c h a r g e s a g a i n s t b o t h o f f i c e r s h a v e b e e n s u b s t a n t i a t e d .
The i s s u e i s o n e o f c r e d i b i l i t y . I h a v e had t h e b e n e f i t
o f o b s e r v i n g a l l t h o s e who g a v e e v i d e n c e a n d o f f o r m i n g my own
c o n c l u s i o n s i n r e g a r d t o t h e i r t r u t h f u l n e s s . I c a n o n l y s a y t h a t
I a c c e p t t h e e v i d e n c e o f t h e young men who g a v e e v i d e n c e i n r e s p e c t
o f a l l e g a t i o n s w h i c h t h e y made a g a i n s t t h e o f f i c e r s c o n c e r n e d .
M r D a l t o n i m p r e s s e d me a s somebody who was g e n u i n e l y t r y i n g t o
remember ; M r G r i f f i t h s a p p e a r e d t o me t o b e t e l l i n g t h e t r u t h ;
M r M o r r i s a p p e a r e d a g a i n t o me t o b e s i n c e r e l y a g g r i e v e d by t h e
, e v e n t s ; M r C l a r k I f o u n d t o b e t r u t h f u l a n d i n t e l l i g e n t and some-
C/ w h a t a s t o u n d e d t h a t p o l i c e o f f i c e r s would b e h a v e i n t h e manner w h i c h
h e , i n t e r a l i a , a l l e g e d ; M r C l a r k a n d M r T i g w e l l b o t h i m p r e s s e d me
as w i t n e s s e s o f t r u t h .
I c a n n o t a c c e p t t h e e v i d e n c e o f t h e two o f f i c e r s a s
c r e d i b l e . I t i s t r u e t h a t t h e r e a r e t o b e f o u n d v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e
e v i d e n c e of t h e young men b u t i t would b e o p e n t o g r a v e c r i t i c i s m
i f i t w e r e o t h e r w i s e . Of c o u r s e t h e i r r e c o l l e c t i o n s w i l l d i f f e r
a n d t h e i r r e c a l l o f w h a t t h e y h a v e a c t u a l l y s e e n w i l l d i f f e r , b u t

\l

t h i s d o e s n o t s u g g e s t t o me t h a t t h e y o r a n y o f them a r e e n d e a v o u r i n g
CI t o m i s l e a d t h i s T r i b u n a l .
I was i m p r e s s e d w i t h t h e i r a c c o u n t , o r t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e
a c c o u n t s , o f t h e e v e n t s t h a t f o l l o w e d t h e a l l e g e d i n c i d e n t s and I
r e f e r p a r t i c u l a r l y t o d i s c u s s i o n s w h i c h t o o k p l a c e i n t h e h o u s e a t
H a c k e t t . They were c o n c e r n e d n o t s o much t o d i s c u s s t h e e v e n t s t h a t
h a p p e n e d a s t o d i s c u s s w h a t t h e y c o u l d do a b o u t t h o s e e v e n t s . They
h a d l e a r n e d o f t h e e x i s t e n c e o f t h e Ombudsman, some o f them i n t h e
c o u r s e o f t h e i r t a x i j o u r n e y f rom C i v i c t o H a c k e t t t h a t e v e n i n g .
I c a n n o t a c c e p t t h e e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e s e young men a l l
w e n t b a c k t o t h e p o l i c e s t a t i o n v o l u n t a r i l y , e v e n t h o u g h a number
o f t h e m n o l o n g e r s o u g h t t o make a n y i s s u e a s t o t h e f a c t t h a t
t h e p e r s o n s who h a d , a s i t w e r e , a c c o s t e d them w e r e p o l i c e o f f i c e r s .
I c a n n o t a c c e p t t h a t t h e y were s e p a r a t e d a n d two a t l e a s t o f them
p l a c e d i n s e p a r a t e rooms i f n o t f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f i n t i m i d a t i o n .
N e i t h e r o f f i c e r c o u l d a d v a n c e a n y r e a s o n a t a l l f o r t h a t h a p p e n i n g .
I f t h e s o l e p u r p o s e o f t h e r e t u r n t o t h e p o l i c e s t a t i o n was f o r t h e
o f f i c e r s c o n c e r n e d t o p r o v i d e e v i d e n c e o f t h e i r i d e n t i t y , t h i s
c-.; w o u l d h a v e t a k e n b u t a m a t t e r o f m i n u t e s . One p o n d e r s t h e n t o d e t e r m i n e
why t h e s e y o u n g men w e r e t h e r e f o r s u c h a r e l a t i v e l y l o n g p e r i o d o f
t i m e , h a v i n g r e g a r d t o t h e n a t u r e o f t h e s o - c a l l e d e x e r c i s e and why
t h e y w e r e i n t e r r o g a t e d a s t o t h e i r names , a d d r e s s e s , o c c u p a t i o n s
a n d s o o n . T h i s a l l l e a d s b a c k t o t h e s u s p i c i o n o f i n t i m i d a t i o n .
The c o n c l u s i o n t h a t I h a v e come t o i s t h a t t h e young men
f e l t c o m p e l l e d t o go t o t h e p o l i c e s t a t i o n a n d t h a t t h e e v e n t s t h a t
t h e y a l l e g e d t h e r e happened i n f a c t d i d h a p p e n , a l t h o u g h p e r h a p s t h e

.-.

( li d e g r e e o f v i o l e n c e m i g h t h a v e b e e n somewhat l ess t h a n h a s been
b s u g g e s t e d .
I t h a s p u z z l e d m e t h a t b o t h o f f i c e r s t a l k e d o f t h e i r
r e a c t i o n t o t h e c o n d u c t o f t h e young p e o p l e , a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r i t
s e e m s t h e y w e r e o f f e n d e d a n d / o r c o n c e r n e d by t h e f a c t t h a t t h e b r o k e n
g l a s s w a s b e i n g i n g e n e r a l te rms, k i c k e d a r o u n d . C o n s t a b l e H a r d c a s t l e
r e f e r s t o t h i s a t page 1 7 8 , a n d C o n s t a b l e A l l a n , a t p a g e 1 5 9 .
T h i s s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n t h e i r s t a t e d r e a s o n i f n o t f o r a p p r o a c h i n g
t h e young p e o p l e , a t l e a s t l a t e r f o r r e m o n s t r a t i n g w i t h them a b o u t
t h e i r c o n d u c t . I t i s p e r h a p s u n f o r t u n a t e t h a t no c r o s s - e x a m i n a t i o n
w a s d i r e c t e d i n r e s p e c t o f t h i s a l l e g a t i o n , a n d i n o t h e r c i r c u m s t a n c e s
i t m i g h t h a v e made my t a s k more d i f f i c u l t , b u t i n t h e c i r c u m s t a n c e s ,
h a v i n g r e g a r d t o t h e v i e w t h a t I h a v e fo rmed o f t h e w i t n e s s e s , I
h a v e n o r e a l p r o b l e m i n coming t o a c o n c l u s i o n w i t h o u t n e c e s s a r i l y
r e a c h i n g a v i e w a s t o w h e t h e r t h i s d i d o r d i d n o t t a k e p l a c e .
I do n o t b e l i e v e i t n e c e s s a r y t o s i f t t h r o u g h t h e e v i d e n c e

(J

C! i n d e t a i l i n v i e w o f t h e c o n c l u s i o n s t h a t I h a v e come t o , b u t I
f i n d t h a t a l l t h e a l l e g a t i o n s o f a s s a u l t h a v e b e e n s u s t a i n e d a n d
I f i n d f u r t h e r t h e a l l e g a t i o n s o f b e i n g k n o w i n g l y c o n c e r n e d i n t h e m
h a v e b e e n p r o v e d h a v i n g r e g a r d t o t h e a u t h o r i t i e s on t h i s a s p e c t o f
l a w - M a l l a n v L e e , 80 CLR, 1 9 8 ; Walsh v S a i n s b u r y , 3 6 CLR, 4 6 4 .
I do n o t i g n o r e t h e e v i d e n c e o f S e r g e a n t Bowerman. I t
h a s b e e n s u b m i t t e d t h a t i f I a c c e p t S e r g e a n t Bowerman, t h e n t h a t i s
a n e n d t o t h e a l l e g a t i o n s t h a t i m m e d i a t e l y o n a r r i v a l a t t h e s e c o n d
f '-A 1
f l o o r o f t h e p o l i c e s t a t i o n , some o f t h e young men w e r e o r d e r e d t o
C a n d d i d l i e upon t h e f l o o r . I do n o t t h i n k t h i s f o l l o w s o f n e c e s s i t y .
I t w a s a l o n g w h i l e a g o a n d memory d ims . It i s q u i t e p o s s i b l e t h a t
S e r g e a n t Bowerman r e m a i n e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y f o r b u t a f ew, p e r h a p s
v e r y f e w m i n u t e s , a n d t h a t h i s d e p a r t u r e went u n n o t i c e d i f t h e young
men w e r e b e i n g s p o k e n t o c o l l e c t i v e l y by o n e o f t h e p o l i c e o f f i c e r s
who h a d b r o u g h t them t h e r e , a n d t h a t t h e y w e r e n o t i m m e d i a t e l y i n t h e
s t r i c t t e m p o r a l s e n s e o r d e r e d t o l i e down, b u t r a t h e r a f t e r t h e p a s s i n g
o f some e v e n t h o u g h few m i n u t e s .
A s I u n d e r s t a n d i t , t h e c h a r g e s a g a i n s t M r A l l a n a r e
t h o s e w h i c h a r e s e p a r a t e l y s e t o u t i n e x h i b i t J , and t h o s e
a g a i n s t M r H a r d c a s t l e a r e s e p a r a t e l y s e t o u t i n e x h i b i t K . I
f i n d M r A l l a n g u i l t y o f t h e c h a r g e s s e t o u t i n e x h i b i t J a n d
M r H a r d c a s t l e g u i l t y o f t h o s e s e t o u t i n e x h i b i t K.

NORRIS Q.C.

Member

Details
AGLC
Commissioner of Police v Allan [1982] AFPDT 4
Case
[1982] AFPDT 4
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The case of Commissioner of Police v Allan and Commissioner of Police v Hardcastle involved disciplinary proceedings against two police officers, Senior Constable John Gerrard Allan and Detective Senior Constable Peter John Hardcastle. The officers were charged with various breaches of discipline, including allegations of assault on members of the community and being knowingly concerned in the commission of such assaults. The proceedings were held before Mr J.R.B. Norris QC, a member of the Disciplinary Tribunal, and the decision was issued on 17 November 1982.

The primary legal issues before the court were whether the charges against the officers had been substantiated and whether the officers were guilty of the alleged breaches of discipline. The court had to assess the credibility of the evidence presented by both sides and determine whether the onus of proof had been discharged by the Commissioner of Police.

In reaching its decision, the court found that the evidence of the young men who made the allegations against the officers was credible and truthful. The court was impressed by their accounts of the events and found that they were sincere and aggrieved by what had occurred. On the other hand, the court could not accept the evidence of the two officers as credible. The court found inconsistencies in their testimonies and could not accept their explanations for the alleged incidents. The court concluded that the young men felt compelled to go to the police station and that the events they alleged did in fact happen, although perhaps the degree of violence might have been somewhat less than suggested.

The court found that all allegations of assault had been sustained and that the allegations of being knowingly concerned in the commission of such assaults had also been proved. The court did not find it necessary to accept the evidence of Sergeant Bowerman, as it did not believe that this would necessarily bring an end to the allegations. The court found Senior Constable Allan guilty of the charges set out in exhibit J, and Detective Senior Constable Hardcastle guilty of those set out in exhibit K.

The tribunal decided to remit the proceedings to the Commissioner for the imposition of a penalty on both officers in respect of the said breaches of discipline.

Orders

Orders of the court

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Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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