Civil Aviation Regulations (Amendment) (Cth)
_________________
I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL of the
Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive
Council, make the following Regulations under the
Dated 9 October 1992.
BILL HAYDEN
Governor-General
By His Excellency’s Command,
PETER COOK
Minister of State for Shipping
and Aviation Support
________
1.1 These Regulations commence on 1 November 1992.
2.1 The Civil Aviation Regulations are amended as set out in these Regulations.
3.1 Subregulation 2 (1):
Insert the following definitions:
(a) operates, manages or maintains the aircraft; or
(b) is, or will be, responsible for its operation, management or maintenance;
(a) the owner of the aircraft; or
(b) the purchaser of the aircraft under a hire purchase agreement; or
(c) the hirer or charterer of the aircraft under a contract of hire or charter other than a hire-purchase agreement;”.
3.2 Subregulation 2 (9):
Omit “, except in regulations 8, 11, 24, 25 or 27 shall”, substitute “must”.
4.1 Omit the heading and regulations 8 to 14 (inclusive), substitute:
“7a. An aircraft is required to be registered unless the aircraft:
(a) is a foreign aircraft; or
(b) is not intended to be used as an aircraft.
(1) The Authority must establish and keep a register of Australian aircraft called the Aircraft Register.
The Aircraft Register must be in the approved form and kept at the place or places determined by the Authority.
The Aircraft Register must be made available for inspection by members of the public at such times, and subject to such conditions, as the Authority directs.
If the Authority is satisfied that there is a clerical error or a change in any particulars entered in the Aircraft Register, it may alter the particulars for the purpose of correcting the error or recording the change.
(1) An application for the registration of an aircraft may be made to the Authority by, or on behalf of, an entitled person.
An application must be in the approved form and contain the following:
(a) a description of the aircraft that identifies it by reference to its manufacture, its type and model as designated by its manufacturer, and the serial number given to it by its manufacturer;
(b) if a registration mark has been reserved for the aircraft under regulation 16—particulars of the registration mark;
(c) if the aircraft has previously been registered in Australia or anywhere else—particulars of the registration, including any registration mark given to the aircraft as a result of the registration;
(d) the name and address of the person by whom, or on whose behalf, the application is made;
(e) if the person mentioned in paragraph (d) is an individual—a statement to the effect that the person is not under 18;
(f) the name and address of each person who holds a property interest in the aircraft and a description of the person’s property interest;
(g) a statement to the effect that the aircraft is not a foreign aircraft within the meaning of these Regulations;
(h) a statement to the effect that the aircraft is intended to be used as an aircraft.
(1) An applicant for the registration of an aircraft that has been imported into Australia must give the Authority a written statement.
The statement must:
(a) be issued by the authority responsible for the registration of aircraft in the country from which the relevant aircraft has been imported; and
(b) identify the aircraft by reference to its manufacturer, its type and model as designated by its manufacturer, the serial number given to it by its manufacturer and its registration mark (if any); and
(c) state whether the aircraft was registered in that country and, if so, the date when that registration was cancelled.
The Authority may refuse to consider, or to consider further, the application until it receives a statement.
(1) If an application for registration of an aircraft is made by, or on behalf of, a body corporate, the body corporate must give the Authority a written notice:
(a) identifying an officer of the body corporate who may be served with documents issued by the Authority; and
(b) setting out the address of the office or place of business of the body corporate at which the documents may be left.
The Authority may refuse to consider, or to consider further, an application made by, or on behalf of, a body corporate unless the Authority receives a notice.
(1) On receiving an application in relation to an aircraft, the Authority must, subject to regulations 11, 12, 13a and 14:
(a) give the aircraft a registration mark in accordance with subregulation 16 (2); and
(b) register the aircraft as an Australian aircraft.
The Authority may register an aircraft for a particular period if it thinks it is appropriate to do so, having regard to all the circumstances.
To register the aircraft, the Authority must enter in the Aircraft Register:
(a) the date of the registration; and
(b) if the registration is for a particular period—the date on which it expires; and
(c) the description of the aircraft given in the application; and
(d) the name and address of the holder of the certificate of registration; and
(e) particulars of the registration mark given to the aircraft.
“13a. (1) The Authority must not register an aircraft if it is satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that the person by whom, or on whose behalf, the application is made:
(a) if an individual, is under 18; or
(b) is not an entitled person.
The Authority must not register an aircraft on an application made on behalf of a person unless it is satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that:
(a) the person consented in writing to the making of the application; or
(b) the applicant was legally entitled to make the application on the person’s behalf.
The Authority must not register an aircraft if it is satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that the aircraft:
(a) is a foreign aircraft; or
(b) is not intended to be used as an aircraft.
“13b. (1) When the Authority registers an aircraft, it must, on payment of any applicable charge determined under section 66 of the Act, issue a certificate of registration to the person by whom, or on whose behalf, the application for registration was made.
A certificate of registration:
(a) must be in the approved form; and
(b) if the registration is for a particular period—must set out the date on which the registration expires.
“13c. (1) If an Australian aircraft is lost, stolen, destroyed or permanently withdrawn from use, the holder of the certificate of registration must, within 14 days after becoming aware of the loss, theft, destruction or withdrawal, send the Authority a written notice of the loss, theft, destruction or withdrawal.
A notice under subregulation (1) must:
(a) be accompanied by the certificate of registration; and
(b) set out the circumstances in which the loss, theft, destruction or withdrawal occurred.
The holder of a certificate of registration who, without reasonable excuse, does not comply with subregulation (1) or (2) is guilty of an offence punishable, on conviction, by a fine not exceeding $500.
“13d. (1) If a person acquires a property interest in an Australian aircraft, the holder of the certificate of registration must, within 14 days after the date of the acquisition, send the Authority a notice in the approved form setting out the following:
(a) the aircraft’s nationality mark and registration mark;
(b) the name and address of the person who acquired the interest;
(c) a description of the interest;
(d) the date of the acquisition;
(e) the name and address of the person from whom the interest was acquired.
If a person disposes of a property interest in an Australian aircraft, the holder of the certificate of registration must, within 14 days after the date of the disposal, send the Authority a notice in the approved form setting out the following:
(a) the aircraft’s nationality mark and registration mark;
(b) the name and address of the person who disposed of the interest;
(c) a description of the interest;
(d) the date of the disposal;
(e) the name and address of anyone who acquired the interest.
The holder of a certificate of registration who, without reasonable excuse, does not comply with subregulation (1) or (2) is guilty of an offence punishable, on conviction, by a fine not exceeding $500.
“13e. (1) If the holder of a certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft:
(a) changes his or her name or address; or
(b) becomes aware of any change to, or error in, the particulars in the Aircraft Register relating to the aircraft;
the holder must notify the Authority not later than 14 days after the change of name or address, or becoming aware of the change or error.
The holder of a certificate of registration who, without reasonable excuse, does not comply with subregulation (1) is guilty of an offence punishable, on conviction, by a fine not exceeding $500.
“13f. (1) If the Authority thinks, on reasonable grounds, that:
(a) any particulars entered in the Aircraft Register in relation to an Australian aircraft have changed, or are incorrect; or
(b) an Australian aircraft has been lost, stolen, or destroyed; or
(c) there has been a change in the people who hold property interests in relation to an Australian aircraft; or
(d) a property interest in relation to an Australian aircraft has changed; or
(e) the name or address of the holder of a property interest in relation to an Australian aircraft has changed;
it may require the holder of the certificate of registration to give it written information about that matter.
A requirement under subregulation (1) must:
(a) be served in writing on the holder of the certificate of registration; and
(b) specify the information that is required; and
(c) state that the information is to be provided not later than 14 days after service of the requirement.
The holder of a certificate of registration who, without reasonable excuse, does not comply with a requirement is guilty of an offence punishable, on conviction, by a fine not exceeding $500.
“13g. (1) A holder of a certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft must, not later than 14 days after he or she stops being an entitled person, send the Authority notice of that fact in the approved form, and the certificate of registration.
A holder of a certificate of registration who, without reasonable excuse, does not comply with subregulation (1) is guilty of an offence punishable, on conviction, by a fine not exceeding $500.
“13h. (1) A person who does not want to continue to be the holder of a certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft may give the Authority a notice to that effect in the approved form, and the certificate of registration.
The person stops being the holder of the certificate of registration:
(a) at the end of 30 days after the day on which the notice, with the certificate of registration, is given to the Authority; or
(b) if a later day is stated in the notice—on the later day.
“13i. (1) If a certificate of registration is:
(a) lost, stolen or destroyed; or
(b) so damaged that particulars are no longer clearly legible;
the holder of the certificate must notify the Authority in writing within 14 days after becoming aware of the loss, theft, destruction or damage.
A notice must set out the circumstances in which the loss, theft, destruction or damage happened.
A notice about a damaged certificate must be accompanied by the certificate.
If, having received a notice, the Authority is satisfied that the certificate is:
(a) lost, stolen or destroyed; or
(b) so damaged that particulars are no longer clearly legible;
it must, on payment of any applicable charge determined under section 66 of the Act, issue a copy of the certificate to the holder.
“(5) A copy must contain a statement to the effect that the copy is a true copy of an original certificate.
The holder of a certificate of registration who, without reasonable excuse, does not notify the Authority as required by this regulation is guilty of an offence punishable, on conviction, by a fine not exceeding $500.
“13j. If an Australian aircraft is registered for a particular period, the registration expires when the period ends unless it is cancelled before then.
“13k. Subject to subregulation 13q (1), if an Australian aircraft is registered, otherwise than for a particular period, its registration continues in force until it is cancelled.
“13l. (1) The holder of a certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft may apply to the Authority for the cancellation of the aircraft’s registration.
An application must be in writing and given to the Authority with:
(a) the certificate of registration; and
(b) the written consent of everyone who holds a property interest in the aircraft.
On receiving an application and the documents mentioned in paragraphs (2) (a) and (b), the Authority must cancel the aircraft’s registration.
The Authority must give written notice of the cancellation of the aircraft’s registration, setting out the date of the cancellation, to:
(a) the holder of the certificate of registration of the aircraft; and
(b) everyone whose name and address have been notified to the Authority under these Regulations as being a person who holds a property interest in the aircraft.
“13m. (1) If, having received a notice under regulation 13c in relation to an aircraft, the Authority is satisfied that the aircraft has been destroyed or stolen, or permanently lost or withdrawn from use, the Authority must cancel the aircraft’s registration.
The Authority must give written notice of the cancellation and the date of the cancellation, to:
(a) the holder of the certificate of registration of the aircraft; and
(b) everyone whose name and address have been notified to the Authority under these Regulations as being a person who holds a property interest in the aircraft.
“13n. (1) The Authority must cancel an Australian aircraft’s registration if it receives a notice under regulation 13g from the holder of the certificate of registration and:
(a) it has not received an application under regulation 13s for a new certificate of registration ; or
(b) it has received an application of that kind but has refused to issue a new certificate of registration.
The Authority must give written notice of the cancellation of the aircraft’s registration, and the date of the cancellation, to:
(a) the holder of the certificate of registration of the aircraft; and
(b) everyone whose name and address have been notified to the Authority under these Regulations as being a person who holds a property interest in the aircraft.
“13o. (1) If a person stops being the holder of the certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft under regulation 13h and:
(a) the Authority has not received an application for a new certificate of registration under regulation 13s; or
(b) it has received an application of that kind but has refused to issue a new certificate of registration;
the Authority must cancel the aircraft’s registration.
The Authority must give written notice of the cancellation of the aircraft’s registration, and the date of the cancellation, to everyone whose name and address have been notified to the Authority under these Regulations as being a person who holds a property interest in the aircraft.
“13p. (1) Subject to regulation 13s, the Authority may cancel or suspend the registration of an Australian aircraft, if satisfied on reasonable grounds that:
(a) the aircraft is not being used as an aircraft; or
(b) the aircraft is a foreign aircraft; or
(c) the aircraft has been destroyed or stolen, or permanently lost or withdrawn from use; or
(d) the holder of the certificate of registration has died or ceased to exist, or has stopped being an entitled person; or
(e) any particulars given to the Authority under this Part about the aircraft are incorrect; or
(f) the Authority has not been notified under regulation 13d about an acquisition or disposal of a property interest in the aircraft.
This regulation does not apply in any case to which regulation 13m or 13n applies.
Before cancelling or suspending the registration of an aircraft under this regulation, the Authority must give written notice to each interested person:
(a) stating the facts and other matters that, in the Authority’s opinion, justify the cancellation or suspension of the registration; and
(b) advising the person that he or she may, within the reasonable period stated in the notice, give the Authority written reasons why the registration should not be cancelled or suspended.
The Authority must not cancel or suspend the registration of an Australian aircraft under this regulation without taking into account any reasons given to it under subregulation (3).
If the Authority decides to cancel or suspend the registration of an Australian aircraft under this regulation, it must give each interested person a written notice of its decision setting out:
(a) the date of the cancellation or suspension; or
(b) in the case of a suspension—the period of suspension.
In this regulation:
(a) the holder of the certificate of registration of the aircraft; and
(b) a person whose name and address have been notified to the Authority under these Regulations as being a person who holds a property interest in the aircraft.
“13q. (1) If the registration of an Australian aircraft is suspended, the aircraft is taken, for the purposes of these Regulations, not to be registered during the period of the suspension.
Despite subregulation (1), if:
(a) the registration of an Australian aircraft is suspended; and
(b) the registration is for a particular period;
the period of suspension counts as part of the period of the registration.
“13r. (1) If the registration of an Australian aircraft expires or is cancelled, the holder of the certificate of registration must return the certificate to the Authority not later than 14 days after:
(a) the registration expires; or
(b) receiving notice under subregulation 13p (5) of the cancellation.
The holder of a certificate of registration who, without reasonable excuse, does not return the certificate of registration to the Authority as required by this regulation is guilty of an offence punishable, on conviction, by a fine not exceeding $500.
“13s. (1) If:
(a) a person stops being the holder of the certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft under regulation 13h; or
(b) the holder of the certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft stops being an entitled person; or
(c) the holder of the certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft dies or ceases to exist;
an application for a new certificate of registration may be made by, or on behalf of, anyone who is an entitled person.
An application must:
(a) be in the approved form; and
(b) be received by the Authority before the aircraft’s registration expires or is cancelled, whichever happens first.
Regulation 12 applies to an application under this regulation by, or on behalf of, a body corporate in the same way as it applies to an application by, or on behalf of, a body corporate for registration of the aircraft.
If an application is made under this regulation in relation to an Australian aircraft, the Authority must not cancel the aircraft’s registration before it decides whether to issue a new certificate of registration.
The Authority must, on payment of any applicable charge determined under section 66 of the Act, issue a new certificate of registration, if it is satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that:
(a) the person by whom, or on whose behalf, the application is made is an entitled person; and
(b) if that person is an individual—he or she is 18 or older; and
(c) if the application is made on behalf of the person—the person consented in writing to the making of the application, or the applicant was legally entitled to make the application on the person’s behalf.
If the Authority issues a new certificate, the person to whom it is issued becomes, for the purposes of these Regulations, the holder of the certificate of registration on the day on which the new certificate is issued.
“13t. A body corporate that is the holder of a certificate of registration may, by written notice to the Authority, alter any particulars set out in a written notice given to the Authority under subregulation 12 (1) or under that subregulation as it applies to an application under regulation 13s.
“13u. (1) A document issued by the Authority may be served on a body corporate that is the holder of a certificate of registration:
(a) by serving it personally on the officer identified in the written notice referred to in subregulation 12 (1), or in that notice as altered; or
(b) by leaving it at the office or place of business whose address is set out in that notice, or in that notice as altered, with a person who is apparently 16 or older and apparently employed at the office or place.
This regulation does not limit the ways in which documents may be served on a body corporate for the purposes of these Regulations.
(1) The Authority may, by written notice served on an applicant, require the applicant to give the Authority information in writing, or documents, being information or documents that are:
(a) described in the notice; and
(b) in the person’s possession or control; and
(c) about a matter set out in the application; and
(d) reasonably required by the Authority to consider the application.
The Authority may refuse to consider, or further consider, the application until the applicant complies with the notice.”.
5.1 Before regulation 15, insert:
6.1 Subregulation 16 (2):
Omit the subregulation.
6.2 Subregulation 16 (3):
Omit the subregulation, substitute:
Subject to subregulation (2a), the registration mark of an Australian aircraft consists of a group of 3 symbols, being letters or a combination of letters and numbers, that is assigned to the aircraft on registration.
“(2a) A registration mark must not include:
(a) a number, if any registration mark consisting entirely of letters is available; or
(b) a zero or the number ‘1’.
Subject to subregulations (3a) and (4), the Authority must:
(a) at the request of a person who intends to register an aircraft; and
(b) on payment of any applicable charge determined under section 66 of the Act;
reserve for a period not exceeding 12 months a group of 3 symbols, being letters or a combination of letters and numbers.
“(3a) A group of 3 symbols must not be reserved if it is in use as an aircraft registration mark.”.
6.3 Subregulation 16 (4):
Omit “letters”, substitute “symbols, being letters or a combination of letters and numbers”.
6.4 Subregulation 16 (5):
Omit “letters” (wherever occurring), substitute “symbols”.
7.1 After regulation 16, insert:
“16a. (1) The holder of the certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft may apply in writing to the Authority, with the certificate of registration, for a new registration mark (specified in the application) to replace the mark assigned to that aircraft.
On receiving an application under subregulation (1) with the certificate of registration, and on payment of any applicable charge determined under section 66 of the Act, the Authority may withdraw the registration mark assigned to that aircraft and assign the new registration mark.
“16b. A registration mark that has been assigned to an aircraft must not be assigned to another aircraft unless the mark:
(a) has been withdrawn by the Authority from the aircraft to which it had been assigned; or
(b) had been assigned to an aircraft that:
(i) has been destroyed or permanently withdrawn from use as an aircraft; or
(ii) has had its registration cancelled to allow its registration in another country.”.
8.1 Subregulation 17 (1):
Omit “The”, substitute “Subject to regulation 17a, the”.
8.2 Subregulation 17 (4):
After “heavier-than-air”, insert “fixed wing”.
8.3 Subregulation 17 (5);
Omit “of a heavier-than-air aircraft”.
8.4 Paragraph 17 (5) (b):
After “letters”, insert “, or combination of letters and numbers,”.
8.5 Subregulation 17 (7):
Omit “of a heavier-than-air aircraft”.
8.6 Subregulation 17 (8):
Omit “of a heavier-than-air aircraft”.
9.1 After regulation 17, insert:
“17a. The nationality marks and registration marks on rotorcraft must be located horizontally on both the port and starboard sides:
(a) on the fuselage; or
(b) on the engine cowling; or
(c) on the fuel tank or tanks; or
(d) on the tail boom; or
(e) on any other approved external surface.”.
10.1 Subregulation 18 (1):
After “letters”, insert “, numbers and hyphens”.
10.2 Paragraph 18 (1) (a):
Omit “shall”, substitute “must”.
10.3 New paragraph:
After paragraph 18 (1) (a), insert:
“(aa) the numbers must be Arabic numerals without ornamentation;”.
10.4 Paragraph 18 (1) (b):
Omit “in each separate group of marks shall”, substitute “and numbers comprising one or more marks on the same aircraft must”.
10.5 Paragraph 18 (1) (c):
Omit the paragraph, substitute:
“(c) the width of each letter and number (except the letter ‘I’) and the length of each hyphen must be two-thirds the height of a letter or number;”.
10.6 Paragraph 18 (1) (d):
Omit the paragraph, substitute:
“(d) the letters, numbers and hyphens must be:
(i) formed by solid lines the thickness of which must be one-sixth of the height of the symbols; and
(ii) of a colour that is in clear contrast to the colour of the background to the mark;”.
10.7 Paragraph 18 (1) (e):
Omit the paragraph, substitute:
“(e) each letter, or number, must be separated from a letter, number or hyphen which precedes or follows it by a space not less than one-quarter of the width of the letter or number;”.
10.8 Paragraph 18 (1) (f):
Omit “shall”, substitute “must”.
10.9 Paragraph 18 (1) (g):
Omit the paragraph, substitute:
“(g) in the case of a heavier-than-air aircraft, other than a rotorcraft:
(i) the letters and numbers on the wings must be at least 500 millimetres in height; and
(ii) the letters and numbers on the fuselage (or equivalent structure) must be at least 150 millimetres in height without visually interfering with the outlines of the fuselage (or equivalent structure); and
(iii) the letters and numbers on a vertical tail surface must be at least 150 millimetres in height but not closer than 50 millimetres to any edge of the tail surface;
(h) in the case of a rotorcraft, the letters and numbers must be:
(i) at least 150 millimetres in height; or
(ii) if the surface area of that part of the rotorcraft on which the letters and numbers are located is insufficient to enable compliance with subparagraph (i)—as high as is practicable;
without, in either case:
(iii) being closer than 50 millimetres to any edge of that part of the rotorcraft on which the letters and numbers are located; or
(iv) visually interfering with the outlines of the rotorcraft.”.
10.10 Subregulation 18 (2):
Omit the subregulation, substitute:
In a nationality mark or registration mark all the letters and numbers must be:
(a) in the case of a balloon—vertical; or
(b) in the case of any other aircraft—vertical or sloping at the same angle, being an angle of no more than 30 degrees to the vertical axis.”.
11.1 Omit the regulation.
12.1 Omit the regulation, substitute:
The holder of the certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft must ensure that the aircraft does not bear any mark that could:
(a) be confused with; or
(b) diminish easy recognition of;
the nationality mark or registration mark on the aircraft.
Penalty: $500.”.
13.1 Subregulation 24 (1):
Omit “owner or operator of, or any other person having an interest in,”, substitute “holder of the certificate of registration of”.
14.1 Subregulation 25 (3):
Omit “owner or operator”, substitute “holder of the certificate of registration of”.
14.2 Subregulation 25 (4):
Omit “owner or operator”, substitute “holder of the certificate of registration”.
15.1 Omit “owner or operator” (wherever occurring), substitute “holder of the certificate of registration”.
16.1 Paragraph 50 (b):
Omit “owner”, substitute “holder”.
17.1 Omit paragraph (a), substitute:
“(a) the holder of the certificate of registration of the aircraft;”.
18.1 Subregulation 297a (1):
Add at the end:
“; or (k) the suspension or cancellation by the Authority, under Division 1c of Part III, of the registration of an aircraft.”.
19.1 A certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft, issued under the Civil Aviation Regulations and in force immediately before the commencement of these Regulations, continues in force after that commencement as if it had been issued under the Civil Aviation Regulations as amended by these Regulations.
19.2 An Australian aircraft for which a certificate of registration was in force immediately before the commencement of these Regulations is taken to have been registered in accordance with the Civil Aviation Regulations as amended by these Regulations.
20.1 A person who was, immediately before the commencement of these Regulations:
(a) a holder of a certificate of registration of an Australian aircraft; and
(b) in relation to that aircraft—a person referred to in paragraph 8 (2) (a), (b) or (c) of the Civil Aviation Regulations as in force immediately before the commencement of these Regulations;
is taken to be an entitled person, in relation to that aircraft, for the purposes of the Civil Aviation Regulations as amended by these Regulations.
21.1 The register of Australian aircraft kept under regulation 8 of the Civil Aviation Regulations as it existed immediately before the commencement of these Regulations is taken, immediately after that commencement, to be the Aircraft Register established under regulation 8 of the Civil Aviation Regulations as amended by these Regulations.
22.1 A direction issued under regulation 13 of the Civil Aviation Regulations and in force immediately before the commencement of these Regulations, continues in force after the commencement of these Regulations as if it had been issued under subregulation 8 (3) of the Civil Aviation Regulations as amended by these Regulations.
22.2 If, in relation to the registration or marking of an aircraft:
(a) any act done, step taken or decision made by a person under, or for the purposes of, a provision of the Civil Aviation Regulations was in effect immediately before the commencement of these Regulations; and
(b) that provision is one to which a provision of the Civil Aviation Regulations as amended by these Regulations corresponds;
the act, step or decision continues to have effect after the commencement of these Regulations as if it had been done, taken or made by the person under or for the purposes of the corresponding provision of the Civil Aviation Regulations as amended by these Regulations.
1. Notified in the
Commonwealth of Australia Gazette on 16 October 1992.2. Statutory Rules 1988 No 158 as amended by 1988 Nos 209, 373 and 376; 1989 Nos 31 and 276; 1990 Nos 100, 215, 216, 258, 260, 289, 310, 331, 332 and 466; 1991 Nos 54, 147, 157, 247, 287, 382, 409, 410, 426 and 487; 1992 Nos 36, 174, 254, 258 and 279.
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