Civil Aviation Order 40.1.8 Instrument 2008 (Cth)

No judgment structure available for this case.

I, WILLIAM BRUCE BYRON, Director of Aviation Safety, on behalf of CASA, make this instrument under regulation 5.59, subregulation 5.215 (4), and regulation 5.216 of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988.
[Signed Bruce Byron]
Bruce Byron
Director of Aviation Safety and
Chief Executive Officer

19 December 2008
Civil Aviation Order 40.1.8 Instrument 2008
1 Name of instrument

This instrument is the Civil Aviation Order 40.1.8 Instrument 2008.

2 Commencement

This instrument commences on the day after it is registered.

3 Civil Aviation Order 40.1.8

Schedule 1 makes Civil Aviation Order 40.1.8.

Schedule 1 Civil Aviation Order 40.1.8
Requirements for MP(A)L training courses
1 Scope

This Order does the following:

(a) specifies the requirements for a MP(A)L training course;

(b) sets the separate examination parts for a MP(A)L theory examination;

(c) sets the pass mark for a MP(A)L theory examination or examination part;

(d) specifies the requirements for a MP(A)L theory examination or examination part;

(e) specifies the criteria for eligibility to attempt a MP(A)L flight test;

(f) specifies the requirements for a MP(A)L flight test;

(g) states a condition of approval of a training course.

Note To qualify for a MP(A)L licence, a person must also meet other requirements under Division 19 in Part 5 of CAR 1988.

2 Definitions

In this Order:

CAAP means Civil Aviation Advisory Publication.

CAO means Civil Aviation Order.

CAR 1988 means the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988.

CASR 1998 means the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998.

employed means engaged under a contract of service or a contract for services.

NoteAn employed person could be an employee as such, or a contractor.

head of training means the person, however described, who is:

(a) employed by a training organisation; and

(b) responsible for the conduct of MP(A)L training courses for the training organisation; and

(c) approved by CASA.

Note For example, in a training organisation that is a flying school, the head of training might be the chief flying instructor. In a training organisation that is a training and checking organisation, the head of training might be the person with overall responsibility for training.

instructor means a person who:

(a) is employed by a training organisation to do any of the following for a stage of a training course:

(i) give instruction in an aeroplane or in a synthetic flight trainer;

(ii) make recommendations;

(iii) conduct flight assessments; and

(b) is qualified and authorised as follows:

(i) in accordance with CAR 1988, to give instruction in an aeroplane; or

(ii) in accordance with the statement in the training and assessment plan of the minimum qualifications and experience required to give instruction in a synthetic flight trainer.

Note CAAP 5.216, Multi-Crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence, contains guidance on the minimum qualifications and experience for instructors that CASA expects to find reflected in a training and assessment plan for a training course to be approved.

METPA means a multi-engine turbine-powered aeroplane certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least 2 pilots.

MP(A)L flight test or flight test means the flight test mentioned in paragraph 5.207 (1) (e) of CAR 1988.

MP(A)L theory examination or theory examination means the examination comprising all of the examination parts mentioned in clause 1 of Appendix 2.

MP(A)L theory examination part or examination part means 1 of the examination parts listed in clause 1 of Appendix 2.

MP(A)L training course or training course means a course for the training of multi-crew (aeroplane) pilots conducted by a training organisation.

MP(A)L means a multi-crew pilot (aeroplane) licence.

stage means the core stage, basic stage, intermediate stage or advanced stage into which a training and assessment plan divides a training course.

student means a person undertaking a MP(A)L training course with a training organisation.

training organisation means a person approved by CASA to conduct MP(A)L training courses.

3Requirements for MP(A)L training course

The requirements for a MP(A)L training course are specified in Appendix 1.

4 MP(A)L theory examinations, pass marks and requirements

The following are set or specified in Appendix 2:

(a) the separate examination parts for the MP(A)L theory examination (the examination);

(b) the pass mark for the examination and examination parts;

(c) the requirements for the examination and examination parts.

5 Eligibility to take MP(A)L flight test

The criteria for eligibility to attempt a MP(A)L flight test are specified in Appendix 3.

6 MP(A)L flight test

The requirements for a MP(A)L flight test are specified in Appendix 4.

Appendix 1

Requirements for MP(A)L training course

1 Aptitude testing

A student may commence a training course only if he or she is first assessed by a training organisation to have the aeronautical aptitude to complete the course.

2 Course delivery under stages of training and assessment plan

2.1 A MP(A)L training course must be delivered in accordance with an approved training and assessment plan.

Note Civil Aviation Advisory Publication (CAAP) 5.216, Multi-Crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence, contains guidance on obtaining approval of a training and assessment plan.

2.2 The plan must divide the training course into the following stages which must be completed by a student in the following order:

(a) core;

(b) basic;

(c) intermediate;

(d) advanced.

2.3 The plan must:

(a) provide for an assessment of each student’s competency at the end of each stage; and

(b) require each student to achieve competency and pass a flight assessment for a stage before progressing to the next stage.

3 Compliance with the training and assessment plan

A student may only attempt a MP(A)L flight test if he or she has completed all stages of the training and assessment plan, other than the take-offs and landings mentioned in clause 13.

4 Training and assessment plan content

4.1 The training and assessment plan must include the following:

(a) the aeronautical knowledge syllabus set out in Appendix 5;

(b) the competency standards set out in Appendix 6;

(c) the elements and units of competency to be achieved in each stage as specified in the achievement records set out in Appendix 7;

(d) the flight assessments specified in Appendix 8;

(e) a statement of the minimum qualifications and experience the training organisation requires of:

(i) the head of training; and

(ii) each person who, for a stage, gives instruction or particular instruction, makes recommendations or conducts flight assessments;

(f) a statement specifying the aircraft and synthetic flight trainers to be used for each stage.

Note CAAP 5.216, Multi-Crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence, contains guidance on the minimum qualifications and experience of personnel, and the minimum requirements for aircraft and synthetic flight trainers, that CASA expects to find reflected in a training and assessment plan for a training course to be approved.

4.2 The plan must show the integration of aeronautical knowledge training with flight competency training and flight assessments.

4.3 For subclause 4.2, the plan must identify integration milestones that must be achieved by a student before he or she may progress further with each stage of the training course.

4.4 The plan must identify critical milestones that must be achieved by a student before he or she may progress further with the training course.

4.5 The plan must be based on continuous assessment of each student throughout the training course.

4.6 Each student must be given a copy of the plan before commencing the training course.

5 Critical milestones

5.1 Each MP(A)L theory examination part is a critical milestone.

5.2 Under the training and assessment plan, a student may only attempt a MP(A)L theory examination part after completion of the part of the training course that trains the student for the examination.

5.3 Under the plan, a student may only attempt the ATP(A)L and IREX examination parts during the intermediate stage of the training course.

6 Continuing competency

Under the training and assessment plan, a student may continue in a stage of a training course only if he or she continues to demonstrate, in a reasonably consistent way, sufficient aeronautical knowledge and flight competency to safely operate and fly aircraft for the stage.

7 Competency progress recorded in achievement records

7.1 A training organisation must assess whether a student has achieved competency in each element of each unit of each stage of the training course.

7.2 Each element of each unit of each stage of the training course is shown in the achievement records set out in Appendix 7.

7.3 For subclause 7.1, the training organisation must use achievement records identical to those in Appendix 7.

7.4 For each element of each unit of each stage of the training course, a student’s achievement records must show the following:

(a) an instructor’s certification that the student has achieved at least the standard of competency for the element;

(b) if subclause 7.9 applies — the standard of each higher stage that was achieved;

(c) the student’s certification of completion of the relevant training for the element.

7.5 The standard of competency a student must achieve for an element of a unit of a stage is the standard specified in Appendix 6 for the element.

7.6 A student may not progress to a new stage of training from a preceding stage until subclause 7.4 has been complied with in respect of the preceding stage.

7.7 A student may not be recommended for a flight assessment until subclause 7.4 has been complied with in respect of the stage at the end of which the flight assessment occurs.

7.8 A student may not be recommended for a flight test until subclause 7.4 has been complied with in respect of the advanced stage.

7.9 If, for an element of a stage, a student achieves a standard of competency at least equivalent to the standard for that element at a subsequent stage, the element may also be certified in the achievement records of the element for the subsequent stage.

7.10 For subclause 7.9, formal certification of an element at a subsequent stage may not be made until each element of the current stage has been assessed and competency certified.

8 Flight assessment

8.1 A training organisation must conduct a flight assessment on each student at the end of each stage of the training course.

8.2 The flight assessment must assess whether a student has achieved flight competency for the stage.

8.3 For subclause 8.2, the training organisation must use flight assessment records identical to those in Appendix 8.

8.4 For subclause 8.2, a student achieves flight competency for a stage if he or she demonstrates for the relevant elements in the flight assessment records in Appendix 8 at least the standard specified in Appendix 6 for the comparable elements.

8.5 A student may only progress to a new stage if he or she passes the flight assessment for the preceding stage.

9 Eligibility for flight assessment

9.1 A student may not undergo a flight assessment unless he or she has:

(a) demonstrated the level of aeronautical knowledge required for the stage in accordance with the training and assessment plan; and

(b) demonstrated competency in each element of each unit of each stage of the training course up to the time of the flight assessment; and

(c) received training appropriate to the stage in which the flight assessment occurs; and

(d) accumulated at least the minimum aeronautical experience required for the stage in accordance with the plan; and

(e) been recommended for the flight assessment by an instructor.

Note It is recommended that at the time of each flight assessment, the student and the training organisation also evaluate the efficacy of the training and identify any shortcomings or discrepancies in the course. A student or the training organisation may refer to CASA, in writing, any deficiencies identified in the training or the course.

9.2 Before conducting a flight assessment for a stage, the instructor must first be satisfied from the student’s records including the achievement records that all relevant knowledge, competency and course attendance certifications of each preceding stage have been made.

10 Conduct of flight assessments

10.1 A flight assessment must be conducted by an instructor.

10.2 The flight assessment must assess the student’s flight competency for the stage for which the assessment is conducted.

10.3 A student passes a flight assessment if he or she demonstrates to an instructor, competency at least equivalent to that mentioned in subclause 8.4.

10.4 If a student passes a flight assessment, the instructor must, as soon as practicable after the assessment, give the student and the training organisation each a flight assessment report (successful).

11 Not passing a flight assessment

11.1 A student fails a flight assessment if subclause 10.3 is not complied with.

11.2 If a student fails a flight assessment, the instructor must, as soon as practicable, give the student and the training organisation each a flight assessment report (unsuccessful) specifying the following:

(a) that the student has failed the flight assessment;

(b) where flight competency has not been demonstrated;

(c) what further training is required to pass the flight assessment.

12 Repeating a flight assessment

12.1 A student may repeat a flight assessment only if:

(a) a training organisation prepares the student for the flight assessment in accordance with a flight assessment retraining plan based on the flight assessment report (unsuccessful); and

(b) an instructor certifies that the flight assessment retraining has been completed; and

(c) the instructor recommends in writing to the head of training that the student is ready to repeat the flight assessment.

12.2 Before conducting a repeat flight assessment, the instructor must review the flight assessment retraining plan, the certificate and the recommendation and attach them to the flight assessment report produced after the assessment.

13 Post-flight test take-offs and landings

13.1 Unless CASA agrees otherwise in writing for subregulation 5.214 (8) of CAR 1988, a training course must provide for a student, who has successfully completed a flight test, to complete at least 12 take-offs and landings in the METPA type in which the student is expected to obtain his or her initial operational experience with the MP(A)L when it is issued.

13.2 The student performing the take-offs and landings mentioned in subclause 13.1, must demonstrate, to the satisfaction of a flight testing officer, competency to the standard specified for take-offs and landings in Appendix 6.

13.3 For subclause 13.2, flight testing officer has the same meaning as in clause 2 of Appendix 4.

14 Student records

14.1 The following must form part of each student’s records:

(a) documents showing the extent to which the student has satisfied the continuous assessment activities (including attendance) contained in the training and assessment plan;

(b) documents showing whether the student has achieved the integration milestones and critical milestones in accordance with the plan;

(c) the student’s results for each examination part;

(d) the student’s achievement records;

(e) the student’s flight assessment reports;

(f) documents showing whether the student completed each stage of the plan;

(g) a document showing that the student has successfully completed at least 12 take-offs and landings in the METPA type in which the student is expected to obtain his or her initial operational experience with the MP(A)L.

14.2 Each student record must be legible, contain relevant dates, and be signed or otherwise authenticated, and dated, by the person completing it.

14.3 Student records may be in hard copy or electronic form.

15 Feedback, evaluation and review

15.1 A training course must provide for student and instructor feedback about, and evaluation of, each stage of the training course.

15.2 The training course must provide that:

(a) if the student or instructor so chooses —the identity of the student or instructor giving feedback or evaluation is protected from disclosure to anyone except with the person’s written consent or by a court order; and

(b) no punitive action may be taken by the training organisation against a student or instructor who gives feedback and evaluation.

15.3 The training course must provide for the training organisation to use student and instructor feedback and evaluation in reviewing each stage of the training course (internal stage review).

15.4 Each internal stage review must include the following:

(a) identification of actual and potential training deficiencies;

(b) analysis of their causes;

(c) corrective action to remedy them.

15.5 A training organisation must give CASA a copy of an internal stage review upon written request by a CASA officer at least equivalent to Group General Manager.

16 Reporting to CASA

16.1 It is a condition of approval of a training course that data be collected and reported to CASA in accordance with this clause.

16.2 Within 30 days of the end of each stage, the training organisation must collect and give CASA the data specified in the report form in Appendix 9.

16.3 The operator must ensure that, at the commencement of a training course, each student is informed in writing that the reports are made to CASA under this Order to monitor the quality and effectiveness of MP(A)L training.

Note CASA intends to monitor the implementation of MP(A)L training and MP(A)L use. The data to be collected corresponds to that mentioned in ICAO documents attached to State letter AN 12/50-07/37. See also Appendix E of CAAP 5.216, Multi-Crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence.

Appendix 2

MP(A)L theory examinations, pass marks and requirements

1MP(A)L theory examinations

The separate examination parts for a MP(A)L theory examination are as follows with the relevant abbreviation:

(a) CNAV – Navigation;

(b) CMET – Meteorology;

(c) CHUF – Human Factors;

(d) CLW – Flight Rules and Air Law – Aeroplane;

(e) CADA – Aerodynamics – Aeroplane;

(f) AFPA – Flight Planning – Aeroplane;

(g) APLA – Performance and Loading-Aeroplane;

(h) AASA – Aerodynamics and Aircraft Systems – Aeroplane;

(i) ANAV – Navigation – Aeroplane and Helicopter;

(j) AMET – Meteorology – Aeroplane and Helicopter;

(k) AHUF – Human Factors – Aeroplane and Helicopter;

(l) AALW – Air Law – Aeroplane and Helicopter;

(m) IREX – Instrument Rating Examination;

(n) the type rating examination for the METPA on which the person’s MP(A)L flight training is conducted.

2 MP(A)L theory examination pass marks

2.1 For a pass in the MP(A)L theory examination, a student must pass all of the examination parts mentioned in subclause 1.1 within 3 years of passing the first examination part.

Note All examination parts are conducted by CASA.

2.2 For a pass in an examination part, a student must obtain 70% for the part.

2.3 For a pass in the MP(A)L theory examination, a student must:

(a) obtain a pass in each examination part; and

(b) comply with subclause 2.4 for each examination part.

2.4 For each examination part, a student must:

(a) inform the training organisation in a knowledge deficiency report (KDR) of each question to which the student gave a wrong answer; and

(b) review with the training organisation, the syllabus topic relevant to the question; and

(c) demonstrate to the head of training that there is no longer any deficiency in the student’s knowledge of the topic.

Appendix 3

Criteria for eligibility to take MP(A)L flight test

1 Flight test prerequisites

Before attempting the MP(A)L flight test, a student of a training organisation must:

(a) pass the MP(A)L theory examination; and

(b) successfully complete all stages of a training course approved by CASA; and

(c) satisfy all competency training and flight assessment requirements of the training course; and

(d) receive training applicable to the METPA type in which he or she is expected to obtain initial operational experience with the MP(A)L; and

(e) possess at least 240 hours of aeronautical experience:

(i) acquired during a training course; and

(ii) including no less than the hours mentioned in paragraphs 5.214 (2) (a), (b) and (c) of CAR 1988; and

(f) be recommended to the head of training by an instructor as ready to attempt the flight test.

Appendix 4

MP(A)L flight test

1 Flight test content

1.1 The flight test must be conducted in:

(a) the METPA type in which the student is expected to obtain his or her initial operational experience with the MP(A)L; or

(b) an approved flight simulator for the METPA type mentioned on paragraph (a).

1.2 The flight test must cover and assess all of the items listed on the Flight Test Form (FTF) in Appendix 10.

1.3 The flight test must be conducted over 2 sessions.

1.4 At least 1 of the sessions mentioned in subclause 1.3 must resemble as far as practicable a commercial airline flight of 2 or more sectors.

Note A sector is a flight which commences with take-off from an aerodrome and concludes with landing at a different aerodrome.

1.5 The flight test must have separate segments in which the student operates as pilot flying and pilot monitoring.

1.6 The flight test must cover and assess the following in normal and non-normal operations:

(a) co-pilot duties as pilot flying;

(b) co-pilot duties as pilot monitoring;

(c) instrument navigation procedures;

(d) terminal instrument flight procedures.

2 Flight testing officers

The test flight must be conducted by 1 of the following flight testing officers:

(a) a CASA flight operations inspector (FOI); or

(b) if CASA gives specific approval in writing for the purposes of this paragraph — an approved testing officer (ATO).

3 Passing the flight test

3.1 A student passes the flight test if he or she demonstrates to a flight testing officer competency (flight test competency):

(a) in each unit and element of competency specified in the FTF; and

(b) to the standard specified for the unit or element in the FTF.

3.2 If a student passes the flight test the flight testing officer must, as soon as practicable after the test, give CASA, the training organisation and the student a flight test report (successful).

4 Not passing the flight test

4.1 A student fails the flight test if he or she does not demonstrate flight test competency.

4.2 If a student fails the flight test, the flight testing officer must, as soon as practicable after the test, give the student and the training organisation each a flight test report (unsuccessful) specifying the following:

(a) that the student has failed the flight test;

(b) where flight test competency has not been demonstrated;

(c) what further training is required to pass the flight test.

4.3 The flight testing officer must, as soon as practicable after the flight test, give CASA a copy of the flight test report (unsuccessful).

5 Repeating the flight test

5.1 A student may repeat the flight test only if:

(a) a training organisation prepares the student for the flight test in accordance with a flight test retraining plan based on the flight test report (unsuccessful); and

(b) an instructor certifies that the flight test retraining has been completed; and

(c) the instructor recommends in writing to the head of training that the student is ready to repeat the flight test.

5.2 Before conducting a repeat flight test, the flight testing officer must review the flight test retraining plan, certificate and recommendation and attach them to the flight test report produced after the test.

Appendix 5

MP(A)L — aeronautical knowledge syllabus

Contents
A. Recommended Prestudy 14

B. Commercial Pilot Licence Knowledge Standards – Level 1 16

Aircraft General Knowledge 16

Flight Rules and Air Law 21

Radio Telephony 24

Aeroplane Type Knowledge 24

Aerodynamics 27

Navigation 31

Operation, Performance and Flight Planning 32

Meteorology 33

C. Commercial Pilot Licence Knowledge Standards – Level 2 35

Aircraft General Knowledge 35

Flight Rules and Air Law 40

Radio Telephony 42

Aeroplane Knowledge 43

Aerodynamics 43

Navigation 47

Aircraft Operation, Performance and Flight Planning 50

Meteorology 55

Human Factors 59

D. Air Transport Pilot Licence Knowledge Standards 67

Aircraft General Knowledge 67

Flight Rules and Air Law 86

Navigation 96

Flight Planning and Performance 103

Meteorology 113

Human Factors 125

E. Instrument Rating Knowledge Standards 133

A. Recommended Prestudy

A.1 A Knowledge of mathematics and physics is necessary to meet the aeronautical knowledge objectives in this syllabus. The subjects are not examined independently, but applicants below standard in mathematics and physics are advised to seek tuition until they are able to meet the laid down objectives. Failure to do so may make the aeronautical knowledge objectives difficult to achieve.

A.2 For MATHEMATICS the requirement is to solve problems requiring the use of:

(a) basic arithmetic; and

(b) vulgar fractions; and

(c) decimal fractions; and

(d) percentages; and

(e) averages; and

(f) squares; and

(g) ratio and proportion; and

(h) direct and inverse proportion; and

(i) representative fractions; and

(j) circular slide rule; and

(k) multiplication and division; and

(l) conversion problems between the following units; and

(m) nautical miles, statute miles and kilometres; degrees Fahrenheit and degrees Celsius; pounds and kilograms; litres, imperial gallons and US gallons; and

(n) squares and square roots; and

(o) basic trigonometry; and

(p) sine, cosine and tangent; and

(q) simple problems involving solution of right-angled triangles.

A.3 For PHYSICS the requirements are:
(a) solve problems relating to time, speed (velocity) and distance; and

(b) define velocity, acceleration, weight, mass, force, momentum, work, energy, power, static equilibrium, density, specific gravity and pressure; and

(c) solve graphically the wind triangle; and

(d) solve problems relating to the principle of moments and centre of gravity; and

(e) given the specific gravity and fuel quantity, calculate fuel weight; and

(f) basic electrical principles as applicable to aircraft systems; and

(g) units of measurement for current, voltage, resistance, capacity, power; and

(h) typical methods of electrical generation; and

(i) difference between AC and DC; and

(j) typical aircraft components; and

(k) basic principles of hydraulics.

B. Commercial Pilot Licence Knowledge Standards – Level 1

B.1 Introduction

B.1.1 The content of this section of the MP(A)L syllabus relates to the Core and Basic stages of the MP(A)L training course.

B.1.2 The heading and paragraph numbering in this section are used to reference knowledge deficiency reports generated by the examination system.

1 Reserved

2 Aircraft General Knowledge

2.1 Terminology

With respect to the items listed below recall the standards abbreviations used and meet the objectives stated:

2.1.1 Direction

(a) recall the following methods of expressing direction:

(i) as a three figure group;

(ii) as a two figure group for runways;

(iii) in the clock code; and

(b) define heading (HDG); and

(c) define True (T), Magnetic (M), and Compass (C) North; and

Distance, speed and velocity

(d) state the units used for distance:

(i) navigation – nautical miles (NM); and

(ii) visibility – metres (m), kilometres (km); and

(e) define a knot (kt); and

(f) define wind velocity (W/V).

2.1.2 Time

(a) express time as a 4, 6, and 8 figure group;

(b) mentally convert local time (EST, CST, WST) to UTC and vice versa.

2.1.3 Vertical measurement

State the unit used (ft) for vertical measurement and differentiate between:

(a) height; and

(b) altitude; and

(c) elevation.

2.1.4 Other units

(a) state the units used for:

(i) runaway dimensions; and

(ii) temperature – degrees Celsius (C); and

(iii) pressure – hectopascals (hPa), psi, Hg; and

(iv) weight – kilograms (kg), pounds (lb); and

(v) volume – litres (l), US and Imp. Gallons (gal); and

(b) given W/V and runway directions determine the appropriate runway for take-off/landing:

(i) the direction (left/right) of any cross wind component; and

(ii) the value of crosswind component.

2.2 Power plants and systems – basics

Notes Because “type” knowledge of power plants, systems and engine handling is more appropriate during initial training, the majority of the generic items below need only be taught after the “area-solo” phase.

“Type” knowledge requirements are specified in subsection 5.

2.2.1 Demonstrate a basic understanding of the principle of operation of a four stroke cycle internal combustion engine and state the purpose of cylinders pistons piston rings inlet/exhaust valves crank shaft cam shaft spark plugs.

2.2.2 State the purpose of the following components/features:

(a) carburettor;

(b) throttle;

(c) magneto, dual ignition;

(d) alternator;

(e) battery, battery compartment vent;

(f) propeller;

(g) circuit breaker, fuse, bus bar;

(h) impulse start;

(i) oil cooler;

(j) fuel tank vents.

2.2.3 State the purpose of the following gauges:

(a) RPM (Tachometer), MAP;

(b) CHT, EGT;

(c) voltmeter, ammeter, loadmeter;

(d) fuel pressure;

(e) oil temperature and pressure.

Note Purpose means the importance in relation to monitoring the powerplant and systems.

2.2.4 State how the following affect the power output of an engine:

(a) throttle lever position;

(b) RPM;

(c) air density.

2.2.5 State the purpose of engine lubrication.

Note Purpose means the reduction of friction and engine cooling.

2.2.6 State the purpose of mixture control and describe the effect of excessively rich and lean mixture strengths on engine operation.

Note Also see 5. “Aircraft Type Knowledge”.

2.2.7 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of a simple carburettor and a direct injection system.

2.2.8 Fuels and oils

(a) list sources of fuel contamination; and

(b) state the advantage of filling tanks prior to overnight parking; and

(c) explain the terms:

(i) viscosity, oil sump, multi-grade oils; and

(ii) octane rating; and

(iii) Avgas, Avtur;

and indicate how to identify Avtur and Avgas; and

(d) list the potential dangers/problems of:

(i) mixing hydraulic fluids; and

(ii) using automobile fuel or fuel of a grade other than specified; and

(e) list factors conducive to fuel vapourisation and identify statements to minimise this phenomenon.

2.2.9 List typical services provided by a light aeroplane’s:

(a) hydraulic system; and

(b) electrical system; and

(c) ignition system; and

(d) vacuum system.

2.3 Engine handling

2.3.1 List the causes and effect of detonation.

Note Limited to improper use of mixture control, MP/RPM, and use of incorrect fuel octane.

2.3.2 On aircraft fitted with a fixed pitch propeller, describe the method of using a manual mixture control if the aircraft:

(a) does not have an EGT gauge; and

(b) has an EGT gauge.

Note For initial training this topic is covered in 5.4.2, Aircraft Type Knowledge.

2.3.3 State the effect on engine operation of:

(a) prolonged idling; and

(b) using a mixture that is too rich or too lean.

2.3.4 Give reasons for the following limitations/actions:

(a) minimum oil pressure;

(b) minimum/maximum oil temperature;

(c) minimum/maximum CHT;

(d) maximum RPM;

(e) ignition checks: pre-takeoff and shutdown;

(f) prolonged use of starter motor, and use of pilot heat on the ground;

(g) engine warm up on prolonged descents.

2.3.5 Explain the significance of blue or black exhaust smoke.

2.4 Malfunctions

2.4.1 With respect to a malfunction or a failure of the following components:

(a) alternator;

(b) magneto;

(c) battery;

(d) ignition switch;

(e) fuel vent (blockage), fuel/booster pump;

(f) oil cooler, cowl flaps;

(g) vacuum pump;

(h) hydraulic brakes;

do the following:

(i) identify cockpit indications which may suggest a malfunction;

(j) state pilot actions (if any) to rectify the problem;

(k) describe the consequences if the malfunction cannot be rectified.

2.4.2 With respect to the following engine gauges:

(a) oil temperature and pressure;

(b) CHT;

(c) fuel pressure;

(d) tachometer;

(e) ammeter/loadmeter;

(f) voltmeter;

do the following:

(g) identify reasons for an abnormality;

(h) state pilot actions (if any) to rectify a problem;

(i) state the consequences if the problem cannot be rectified by the pilot.

2.5 Engine icing

Note Students should be advised that the following material is general in nature and that the operational application of engine ice prevention/control varies between individual aircraft and engines. Pilots should therefore follow procedures recommended in the pilots’ operating handbook.

2.5.1 Describe the method for checking the operation of carburettor heat prior to take-off.

2.5.2 State the atmospheric conditions and engine control settings conducive to the formation of:

(a) throttle ice; and

(b) fuel evaporation ice; and

(c) impact ice in a carburettor.

The student should be aware of the probability and severity of icing under different OAT, relative humidity and power conditions.

2.5.3 For aircraft fitted with a fixed pitch propeller, identify cockpit indications which would signify the presence of engine ice.

Note For initial training, this topic is covered in “5.4.2, Aircraft Type Knowledge”.

2.5.4 State the danger of progressive throttle increments if engine icing is not diagnosed.

2.5.5 Discuss the use of carburettor heat for:

(a) anti-icing; and

(b) de-icing; and

(c) ground operation.

2.5.6 Differentiate between the use of “alternate air” and “carburettor heat” controls.

2.5.7 State the effect of the application of carburettor heat on engine performance and engine instrument indications.

2.6 Flight instruments

2.6.1 Interpret colour codes on an ASI.

2.6.2 From a list, identify pressure and gyroscopic (suction and electrical) instruments used in a typical light trainer.

Note Pressure instruments are the ASI, altimeter, VSI.

Gyroscopic instruments are the: DI, rate of turn, turn coordinator, flight attitude indicator (artificial horizon).

2.6.3 State the effect of a blockage of the pitot or static source on the indications displayed by each pressure instrument listed in 2.6.6 above.

2.6.4 State/calculate:

(a) state the effect of an incorrect subscale setting on the reading of an altimeter; and

(b) calculate height error resulting from incorrect subscale settings.

2.6.5 State the effect of using an alternate static source located inside the cockpit, on the reliability of pressure instrument indications.

Note In 2.6.3 to 2.6.5 above, “effect” means “over-reading” “under-reading” or “nil effect”.

2.6.6 State the effect of low suction and loss of electrical power on the reliability of the gyroscopic flight instruments.

2.6.7 List conditions/situations which may result in toppling of gyroscopic instruments and identify conditions under which they would re-erect.

2.6.8 State how, when and why a DI should be synchronised with the magnetic compass.

2.6.9 Describe checks which would ensure the serviceability of a magnetic compass and the flight instruments mentioned in 2.6.2 above.

3 Flight Rules and Air Law

3.1 Documentation

3.1.1 Introduce student to the method of maintaining a pilots’ log book and the purpose of flight progress records.

3.1.2 Know the reasons for and general contents of:

(a) CARs, CAOs, AIP, CAAP; and

(b) ERS(A), NOTAMS, AIC.

3.2 Pilot licences, privileges and limitations

3.2.1 State the flight area limitations which apply to the holder of a Student Pilot Licence.

3.2.2 State the recency requirements which apply to solo flight by a student pilot.

3.2.3 State the privileges granted and the limitations imposed on the holder of a Student Pilot licence with passenger carrying privileges.

3.3 Flight rules and conditions of flight

3.3.1 Recall/apply the following rules/requirements:

(a) rules of the air;

(b) the requirements relating to the operation of aircraft on and in the vicinity of an aerodrome and the conditions relating to turns after take-off;

(c) separation minima between a/c for take-off and landing at a non-controlled aerodrome;

(d) rules relating to restrictions on smoking in aircraft during take-off, landing and refuelling;

(e) visual flight rules and visual meteorology conditions (aeroplanes) for operations below 10 000 ft;

(f) altimetry procedures for flight below 10 000 ft.

3.3.2 State the rules relating to:

(a) the use of drugs and alcohol, and recall the minimum period between alcohol consumption and flight departure;

(b) temporary medical unfitness.

3.3.3 Recall the meaning of the following light signals directed at an aircraft:

(a) steady “Green” and steady “Red”;

(b) “Green” “Red” and “White” flashes.

3.3.4 Recall regulations relating to the minimum heights for flights over:

(a) populated areas; and

(b) other areas.

3.3.5 State the limitations imposed on:

(a) acrobatic flight; and

(b) flights over public gatherings.

3.3.6 Recall the requirements for landing prior to the end of daylight.

3.4 Air service operations

3.4.1 Extract the restrictions pertaining to the carriage of passengers on certain flights.

3.4.2 Extract/apply the following regulations/rules/orders relating to the responsibilities of a pilot in command:

(a) before flight:

(i) requirements regarding:

(A) fuels and oils; and

(B) fuelling of aircraft; and

(C) starting and ground operation of engines; and

(ii) appropriate passenger briefing; and

(b) during flight:

(i) regulations regarding the operation ad safety of the aircraft and the authority of the pilot in command; and

(ii) dropping of articles from an aircraft in flight.

3.4.3 Recall the following requirements:

(a) before flight:

(i) the orders regarding the:

(A) removal of locking devices; and

(B) security of doors, hatches, tank caps; and

(C) testing of flight controls; and

(D) removal of frost and ice; and

(E) instrument checks; and

(F) security of safety harness prior to solo flight in a dual control aircraft; and

(ii) fuel system inspection – when and how; and

(iii) carriage of passengers in a control seat; and

(iv) carriage of infants and children:

(b) during flight:

(i) the orders regarding:

(A) occupation of seats; and

(B) wearing of seat belts; and

(C) adjustment of seats; and

(ii) regulations regarding manipulation of aircraft controls:

(A) by pilots; and

(B) not permitted by unauthorised persons.

3.5 Aerodromes

3.5.1 With reference to a diagram of the aerodrome(s) used for training:

(a) identify movement areas; and

(b) explain the significance of taxiway, runway, and/or helipad markings.

3.5.2 Identify the following positions in a circuit:

(a) downwind leg;

(b) base leg;

(c) crosswind leg;

(d) upwind leg;

(e) dead side of the circuit.

3.5.3 Explain the significance of a white cross on the movement area.

3.5.4 Identify and explain the purpose of the following aerodrome markings:

(a) runway markings;

(b) runway threshold markings;

(c) runway end markings;

(d) cone and gable markers;

(e) taxiway markings;

(f) holding points/bays;

(g) a double white cross adjacent to a primary wind indicator;

(h) a horizontal white dumbbell.

3.6 Airspace (Local)

3.6.1 Reserved – See Flying Training Syllabus.

3.7 Emergencies and SAR

3.7.1 Recall the intermittent use of navigation and landing lights by an aircraft to indicate.

3.7.2 Differentiate between an accident and an incident.

3.7.3 Extract the requirements applicable to the notification of accidents and incidents.

3.7.4 Explain the terms:

(a) SARTIME

(b) INCERFA ALERFA DETRESFA.

3.7.5 Extract emergency procedures from ERS(A).

4 Radio Telephony

4.1 Radio Telephony

4.1.1 Recall the phonetic alphabet and the method of transmitting numerals.

4.1.2 Recall pertinent (local) procedures and radio phraseology for:

(a) circuit flying; and

(b) flights to/from the training area.

4.1.3 State the purpose of the following radio controls:

(a) on/off switches;

(b) frequency selector and squelch control;

(c) transmit button and mute switch.

4.1.4 Differentiate between a distress and urgency message

(a) give examples when each should be used; and

(b) recall each prefix and extract the elements of each message from ERS(A).

4.1.5 Extract radio failure procedures from ERS(A).

5 Aeroplane Type Knowledge

Note The following topics relate primarily to a basic nose-wheel training aeroplane.

A person who wishes to gain a licence on a different class/type e.g., multi-engine, must meet the appropriate endorsement requirements specified.

5.1 Identification of aircraft components

The student should be introduced to the training aeroplane to be used and identify the following components (as applicable to type):

5.1.1 Fuselage:

(a) entry and emergency exits; and

(c) aerials, static vents, rotating beacon; and

(d) inspection hatches.

5.1.2 Wings:

(a) leading and trailing edges, nav lights; and

(b) ailerons, flaps, trim tabs, and associated hinges/attachments; and

(c) pitot head, tie down points, stall warning; and

(d) fuel caps, tanks, drains, vents, hatches.

5.1.3 Tail:

(a) elevator/stabiliser; and

(b) fin, rudder, trim tabs and associated hinges.

5.1.4 Undercarriage:

Struts, wheels, brakes steering and ground handling points.

5.1.5 Engine:

(a) location; and

(b) type, number of cylinders; and

(c) induction system.

5.1.6 General cockpit layout:

(a) engine and flight controls; and

(b) engine and flight instruments; and

(c) heating and ventilation controls; and

(d) main switches.

5.2 Emergency actions

5.2.1 Recall the emergency actions listed in the pilot’s operating handbook.

5.2.2 Recall the power plant and airspeed limitations given in the flight manual.

5.2.3 Recall the following operating speeds:

(a) lift off;

(b) climb: normal best rate;

(c) short take-off and landing.

5.2.4 Stall recognition and recovery relevant to type.

5.2.5 Pilot actions in the event of:

(a) an aircraft fire in the air and on the ground; and

(b) engine failure; and

(c) after take-off; and

(d) in the training area; and

(e) propeller overspeed.

5.2.6 Engine oil specifications and quantity.

5.2.7 The following fuel requirements/data:

(a) grade used and method of identification;

(b) total usable fuel.

5.3 Systems

5.3.1 With reference to a pilot’s operating handbook, demonstrate a basic understanding of the following systems:

(a) fuel, engine lubrication, hydraulic;

(b) electrical, ignition;

(c) undercarriage, brakes.

5.3.2 List the services provided by the:

(a) battery alternator magneto; and

(b) hydraulic system; and

(c) lubrication system; and

(d) vacuum system.

5.3.3 With reference to the systems (or components) listed in 5.3.1 and 5.3.2:

(a) identify malfunctions; and

(b) list pilot actions (if any); and

(c) state consequences if the malfunction cannot be rectified.

5.4 Engine ice and handling

5.4.1 State the cockpit indications that signify the presence of engine ice and state the recommended procedure to clear engine ice.

5.4.2 State the methods used to:

(a) control engine temperature; and

(b) lean fuel/air mixture; and

(c) control power; and

(d) recall the allied cockpit gauges which provide information on the above parameters.

5.5 Take-off and landing performance

Note Background knowledge in subsections 8.2 and 8.3 of this phase should be taught prior to commencing this section. As operations during this phase are “local” it may be assumed that take-off weight equals landing weight.

5.5.1 Given appropriate data use the flight manual to:

(a) extract take-off and landing distances required; and

(b) determine maximum take-off/landing weight; and

(c) adjust take-off weight to ensure that structural weight limits are not exceeded.

5.6 Loading

5.6.1 Use the aeroplane’s loading system to distribute load and ensure that the aeroplane will not exceed CG limits.

6 Aerodynamics

6.1 Basic theory

6.1.1 Identify the following:

(a) aerofoil, angle of attack, relative airflow;

(b) centre of pressure, centre of gravity;

(c) lift, weight, thrust, drag.

6.1.2 Differentiate between:

(a) IAS and GS; and

(b) IAS, CAS, TAS and GS.

6.2 Lift and drag

6.2.1 State whether lift and drag of an aerofoil will increase or decrease with changes in:

(a) airspeed; and

(b) angle of attack; and

(c) flap setting.

6.2.2 List the types of drag which affect a subsonic aircraft in flight.

Note Types are:

(a) Parasite (zero lift) – form, interference, skin friction; and

(b) Induced (lift dependent).

6.2.3 State how Total Drag varies with airspeed.

6.2.4 Recall typical angles of attack at which a basic low speed aerofoil:

(a) generates maximum lift (16 degrees); and

(b) is most efficient (best L/D: 4 degrees);

and relate these angles to:

(c) stall speed; and

(d) best glide speed.

Note Students should be aware that these values are representative only.

6.3 Flight controls

6.3.1 Describe the primary and further effects of the elevator, rudder and aileron on an aeroplane’s movement about the longitudinal, lateral and normal (vertical) axes.

6.3.2 Describe the effect of changes in power and airspeed on pitch trim and on the effectiveness of the elevator, rudder and ailerons.

6.3.3 Describe the purpose of trim control.

6.3.4 State the effect of lowering or raising flap on lift, drag and attitude.

6.4 Straight and level flight

6.4.1 State the relationship between attitude, angle of attack and airspeed in level flight.

Note Students should appreciate that this relationship is only true in level flight.

6.5 Climbing

6.5.1 Differentiate between rate and angle of climb.

6.5.2 State the effect (increase/decrease) on climb rate and angle resulting from changes in:

(a) weight; and

(b) power; and

(c) airspeed (changed from recommended); and

(d) flap deflection; and

(e) head/tailwind component, windshear; and

(f) bank angle; and

(g) altitude and density altitude.

6.6 Descents:

6.6.1 State the effect on rate, angle of descent and attitude resulting from changes in:

(a) power – constant IAS; and

(b) flap – constant IAS.

6.6.2 State the effect of head/tail wind on the glide path and glide distance (relevant to the earth’s surface).

6.6.3 Explain why a pilot should maintain the recommended glide speed, if undershooting an approach to land.

6.7 Turning

6.7.1 Describe what is meant by a balanced turn.

6.7.2 Describe the terms “g” wing loading load factor.

6.7.3 During a level turn, state the effect (increase/decrease) of bank angle on:

(a) stall IAS; and

(b) the aircraft’s structure (load factor).

Note An appreciation of the rate of increase of stall speed with bank, and possible airframe damage if limits are exceeded is also required.

6.7.4 List reasons for avoiding steep turns:

(a) shortly after take-off; and

(b) during a glide – particularly on approach.

6.7.5 Explain why an aeroplane executing balanced level turns at low level may appear to slip or skid when turning downwind or into wind.

6.7.6 Given level flight stall speed, determine the stall speed and load factor during turns at 45 and 60 degrees bank.

6.8 Stalling, spinning and spiral dives.

6.8.1 Define stalling angle and describe:

(a) the symptoms when approaching the stall; and

(b) the characteristics of a stall.

6.8.2 Explain:

(a) the effect of using ailerons when approaching and during the stall; and

(b) why an aeroplane may stall at different speeds.

6.8.3 List the effect (increase/decrease/nil) of the following variables on the level flight stall IAS:

(a) power;

(b) flap;

(c) wind shear vertical gusts;

(d) manoeuvres;

(e) weight;

(f) frost and ice;

(g) altitude.

6.8.4 Cite manoeuvres during which an aeroplane may stall at an angle which appears to be different to the true stalling angle.

6.8.5 Differentiate between a spin and a spiral dive in a light aeroplane and describe the standard recovery technique for each manoeuvre (Refer CAA Flight Instructors Manual).

Note Student should be advised to follow the techniques recommended in the pilot’s operating handbook.

6.9 Taxi, take-off, landing

6.9.1 Cite situations which may cause an aeroplane to “wheel barrow” and state the recommended pilot action in the event of such an occurrence.

6.9.2 Describe the effect of a cross-wind on high and low wing aeroplanes during taxi, take-off and landing.

Note “Effect of a cross-wind” means the effect on “yaw” and “roll” and includes the tendency to nose over during taxi.

6.9.3 List the advantages of taking-off and landing into wind.

6.9.4 Compare a flapless approach to an approach with flap in terms of:

(a) attitude during descent; and

(b) approach path angle; and

(c) threshold and touch-down speeds; and

(d) landing roll.

6.9.5 Describe the effect of wind shear (wind gradient) and ground effect on aerodynamic and flight characteristics and identify.

6.10 Wake turbulence

Note If a student is operating from an aerodrome where helicopters or heavy aircraft also operate, all “A” items must be taught prior to pre-solo.

6.10.1 List factors affecting the strength of vortex flow viz aircraft weight, speed, wing shape.

6.10.2 State the primary control hazard that may result from a vortex encounter.

6.10.3 Identify from diagrams the:

(a) approximate flow direction around each vortex; and

(b) approximate location of vortices (in still air) generated by a preceding aeroplane during:

(i) cruise flight; and

(ii) take-off and landing; and

(c) approximate take-off/touch-down points and flight profiles which

Caution: Students should be advised that heavy/med. aeroplanes are capable of steep climb gradients after take-off when operating at low take-off weights.

6.10.4 State/identify the effect of wind and atmospheric turbulence on the:

(a) strength of vortices; and

(b) longevity of vortices; and

(c) location of vortices.

6.10.5 Recall that rotor downwash can be a hazard to a radius of approximately thrice the rotor diameter, and that this area should be avoided by light aircraft.

Note Students should be aware of wake turbulence sep. standards in order to make value judgements to waive these standards at a controlled aerodrome or provide their own separation at non-controlled aerodromes.

6.11 Thrust stream turbulence (jet blast)

6.11.1 Recall that this form of turbulence varies with engine power and distance from the source.

Note The following information may be of value to illustrate the need for caution:

(a) approximate speeds of the jet at 30 metres are:

(i) idling power: 25 kt; and

(ii) full power: 125 kt; and

(b) at high power settings stream turbulence can extend to approximately 500/600 metres behind a DC 10 and 180 metres behind a 727.

6.12 Structural damage

6.12.1 Describe the effect of structural damage, including bird strikes, with emphasis on:

(a) stall characteristics; and

(b) controllability.

7 Navigation

Note Reference to AIP “visual” charts means the present ERC, VTC, and AUS PCA and embraces any subsequent changes to charts required for flight under VFR.

7.1 Basics – Extract Information from documents

7.1.1 On a WAC and AIP “visual” charts (if applicable) which cover the local area of operation:

(a) identify, without reference to the chart legend:

(i) major features to assist in map reading e.g. roads, rivers, lakes; and

(ii) obstacles and spot heights, including elevation or height above terrain; and

(iii) CTA, PRDs, and aerodrome data on VTC/ERC (if applicable); and

(b) decode other symbols with reference to the chart legend; and

(c) assess the general height of the terrain from hypsometric tints and contours; and

(d) estimate track and distance; and

(e) demonstrate and explain the reason for chart orientation in flight.

7.1.2 On visual AIP charts identify airspace boundaries and symbols with reference to the chart legend.

7.1.3 Use ERS(A) to extract:

(a) runway data; and

(b) data pertaining to Prohibited, Restricted and Danger Areas.

7.2 Computation techniques

7.2.1 Use mental rules of thumb to estimate:

(a) time interval using estimated GS and distance e.g., 120 kt = 2 NM/min; and

(b) endurance given fuel flow and fuel available (excluding reserve fuel).

Note Students should be given examples to indicate that over short distances and periods of time, such approximations are reasonably accurate.

7.2.2 Apply magnetic variation to obtain magnetic direction.

7.2.3 Carry out conversions between:

(a) feet/metres; and

(b) nm/km; and

(c) lbs/kg; and

(d) US gal/litres/kg of avgas.

7.2.4 Determine head/tail, and cross-wind components given W/V and HDG.

Note Students should also practice using the conversion and wind component tables in ERS(A).

8 Operation, Performance and Flight Planning

8.1 Airworthiness and aircraft equipment

8.1.1 With reference to a maintenance release decide whether an aircraft is serviceable for a specific flight.

8.1.2 Recall the limitations imposed on a student pilot permit holder with regard to:

(a) conducting daily inspections; and

(b) signing a maintenance release; and

(c) reporting of defects.

8.2 Take-off and landing performance

Note Use of take-off and landing charts is included in “Type” training.

8.2.1 State the effect (increase/decrease) of the following factors on take-off, landing, and take-off climb performance:

(a) strength of head/tail wind component;

(b) air temperature;

(c) QNH;

(d) density height (non-standard conditions);

(e) airfield elevation;

(f) runway slope and surface including wet and slushy runways;

(g) ground effect and windshear;

(h) frost on an aircraft.

8.2.2 Differentiate between pressure height and density height.

8.2.3 Describe how to use an altimeter to obtain:

(a) local QNH at an aerodrome; and

(b) pressure height of an aerodrome; and

(c) elevation of an aerodrome.

8.2.4 Explain the terms:

(a) maximum structural take-off and landing weight; and

(b) climb weight limit.

8.2.5 State the likely results of exceeding aircraft weight limits.

8.3 Loading

Note Practical use of a loading system is included in “Type” training.

8.3.1 At this phase of training, a student should have a basic understanding of the terms listed below, to enable him or her to apply this knowledge when using the applicable loading system in type training:

(a) arm, moment, datum, station, index unit; and

(b) centre of gravity (CG) and CG limits; and

(c) empty weight, zero fuel weight (ZFW), ramp weight; and

(d) maximum take-off and maximum landing weights; and

(e) floor loading limits.

8.4 Speed limitations

8.4.1 Explain the following terms/abbreviations:

(a) normal operating speed (V_no);

(b) never exceed speed (V_NE);

(c) maximum manoeuvre speed (V_A);

(d) turbulence penetration speed (V_B);

(e) limit and design load factors;

(f) flap operating speed (V_FO) and flap extended speed (V_FE).

8.4.2 Cite situations which may result in an aircraft exceeding speed limits and load factor limits.

9 Meteorology

9.1 Knowledge of local weather

9.1.1 Demonstrate a basic knowledge of local weather, in particular the likely occurrence of:

(a) thunderstorms; and

(b) low cloud; and

(c) poor visibility; and

(d) turbulence

and describe how these phenomena may affect the safe operation of an aircraft.

9.2 Knowledge of forecasts and reports

9.2.1 Demonstrate an understanding of weather forecasts, reports and broadcasts that are pertinent to the area of operation.

9.3 Understand significance of observations

9.3.1 Recognise signs which may indicate the presence of:

(a) turbulence, thermals, dust devils; and

(b) wind gradient, wind shear;

and describe the effect of these phenomena on flight characteristics.

Note Signs means forecast conditions and pilot observations.

C. Commercial Pilot Licence Knowledge Standards – Level 2

C.1 Introduction

C.1.1 The content of this section of the MP(A)L syllabus relates to the Core and Basic stages of the MP(A)L training course.

C.1.2 The heading and paragraph numbering in this section are used to reference knowledge deficiency reports generated by the examination system.

1 Reserved

2 Aircraft General Knowledge

2.1 Engines

2.1.1 Carburetion

Describe the principle of operation of a simple carburettor in terms of:

(a) fuel vaporisation and distribution; and

(b) control of the fuel/air charged throttle butterfly; and

(c) idling, main and acceleration jets – purpose of these jets; and

(d) mixture control.

2.1.2 Supercharging

(a) state the purpose of supercharging; and

(b) list the types of superchargers:

(i) geared (mechanically driven); and

(ii) turbo (exhaust driven); and

(c) state the purpose/function of the following components:

(i) geared superchargers – impeller, diffuser;

(ii) turbo chargers – compressor, waste gate (fixed, manual, automatic);

(d) state the precautions to be observed to avoid detonation when operating a supercharged engine.

2.2 Propellers

Notes Depending on design, a variable pitch propeller will, when the propeller oil pressure is lost, adopt either full fine or full coarse pitch.

With this in mind, the following generalities will be used when examining topics relating to variable pitch propellers (the use of springs is omitted as their function varies depending on propeller design):

(a) centrifugal twisting moment (CTM) tends to reduce (fine) pitch; and

(b) counter weights, when used, increase (coarsen) pitch; and

(c) oil pressure is used to decrease pitch if counterweights are fitted; and

(d) oil pressure is used to increase pitch if counterweights are not fitted.

Students should be advised to check pilots’ operating handbook to ascertain the constant speed mechanism used when operating different types.

2.2.1 Describe the following terms:

(a) blade angle, helix angle/pitch;

(b) propeller thrust and torque;

(c) thrust horsepower (THP);

(d) brake horsepower (BHP);

(e) asymmetric blade effect.

2.2.2 Describe how a propeller converts engine power into thrust and explain what is meant by fine and course pitch stops.

2.2.3 Describe the effect of using carburettor heat on aeroplanes fitted with a CSU.

2.2.4 Describe how power output is controlled when operating aeroplanes fitted with a variable pitch propeller and know how to monitor power using engine instruments.

2.2.5 List the precautions necessary if operating a variable pitch propeller when:

(a) conducting ground checks; and

(b) changing power i.e. use of throttle/RPM levers.

2.2.6 List reasons for propeller overspeed in aeroplanes fitted with:

(a) fixed pitched propellers; and

(b) variable pitch propellers;

and state the associated remedial pilot action.

2.2.7 Describe:

(a) the effect of CSU malfunction on engine operation; and

(b) the effect of using engine controls in the event of malfunction.

2.2.8 In aeroplanes fitted with a CSU, identify cockpit indications which could signify:

(a) the presence of engine ice; and

(b) that engine ice has been cleared after application of “carb heat”.

2.3 Power plants

2.3.1 Explain the term “full throttle height”.

2.3.2 Describe the effect of the following factors on engine performance:

(a) fuel/air mixture strength;

(b) density height;

(c) altitude, on:

(i) normally aspirated engines; and

(ii) turbocharged/supercharged engines.

2.3.3 Compare the performance characteristics of:

(a) aeroplanes with fixed pitch propellers and those fitted with a CSU; and

(b) engine operation (within limits) at high MP/low RPM and low MP/high RPM; and

(c) normally aspirated and turbocharged/supercharged engines.

2.4 Aeroplane systems

2.4.1 Describe or state the function of the following typical components mentioned in pilot operating handbooks:

(a) Fuel system components:

(i) auxiliary/booster pump; and

(ii) fuel drain; and

(iii) fuel pressure gauge; and

(iv) fuel flow gauge; and

(v) check valves;

(b) Lubrication system:

(i) by-pass valves; and

(ii) oil cooler; and

(iii) wet sump system; and

(iv) dip stick;

(c) Stall warning devices;

(d) Electrical and Ignition systems:

(i) alternator generator; and

(ii) voltage regulator over voltage relay; and

(iii) ammeter voltmeter; and

(iv) circuit breaker fuse; and

(v) battery ampere hours; and

(vi) bus bar battery master switch; and

(vii) starter motor starter relay; and

(viii) dual ignition distributor ignition switch; and

(ix) external power receptacle, ground/flight switch;

(e) Undercarriage system:

(i) oleos/shock struts; and

(ii) shimmy dampers; and

(iii) nose wheel steering/castering; and

(iv) retractable undercarriage:

(A) uplocks/downlocks; and

(B) anti-retraction devices; and

(C) aural/visual warning devices; and

(D) emergency systems; and

(E) free fall; and

(F) electric, hydraulic, pneumatic;

(f) Hydraulic system:

(i) accumulator; and

(ii) actuators; and

(iii) brake master cylinder; and

(iv) check valve restrictors;

(g) Auto-pilot:

(i) roll attitude heading pitch controls; and

(ii) trim indicator; and

(iii) cut-out mechanisms;

Note Includes the possibility of “overpowering” the system and associated precautions.

(h) Fire protection:

(i) typical detectors:

(A) overheat – thermal switches; and

(B) rate of temperature rise – thermocouple; and

(C) flame; and

(ii) typical warning devices:

(A) lights; and

(B) audio; and

(iii) types of fire extinguisher and usage; and

(iv) engine cooling:

(A) fins; and

(B) baffles; and

(C) cowl flaps.

2.5 Flight instruments

2.5.1 General:

(a) explain the following terms:

(i) pitot-static system;

(ii) pitot pressure static pressure;

(iii) alternate static source;

(iv) pressure error;

(b) explain the relationship between IAS CAS EAS TAS.

NoteThe item listed in 2.5.2 below include some aspects learnt in Training Block 1.

(c) have a basic knowledge of the principle of operation and construction of the:

(i) ASI, VSI, altimeter; and

(ii) artificial horizon, direction indicator, rate of turn indicator, turn co-ordinator.

2.5.2 State the effect of the following factors on the accuracy of pressure instrument indications:

(a) ASI:

(i) blockage/leaks (pitot or static); and

(ii) manoeuvre induced errors (e.g. sharp pull out from a dive);

(b) VSI:

(i) blockage of the static source; and

(ii) lag;

Note Student should be aware that an IVSI compensates for lag errors.

(c) Altimeter:

(i) blockage of the static source; and

(ii) lag; and

(iii) incorrect subscale settings; and

(iv) errors due to changes in atmospheric temperature and pressure.

2.5.3 Gyroscopic principles:

(a) describe the gyroscopic properties of rigidity and precession; and

(b) compare the advantages and disadvantages of air driven and electrically driven gyroscopes; and

(c) state the effect on a Directional Indicator of:

(i) apparent wander/drift; and

(ii) maximum at the poles, zero at the equator; and

(iii) transport wander.

2.5.4 Direct reading magnetic compass:

(a) Background knowledge; and

(b) Principle of construction:

(i) magnetic needles point to magnetic north; and

(ii) fluid decreases oscillations and friction; and

(iii) should not contain bubbles; and

(iv) pendulosity of magnet systems causes errors.

2.5.5 State the effect of the following errors on compass indications in the southern hemisphere:

(a) turning errors;

(b) acceleration errors.

2.5.6 State the purpose of and use a compass correction card to determine magnetic heading.

3 Flight Rules and Air Law

3.1 Documentation

3.1.1 Describe the method of obtaining publications and know why it is important to update these documents.

3.1.2 Given an item of operational significance:

(a) select the appropriate reference document – CAR CAO AIP (Book) CAAP; and

(b) extract relevant and current information from these documents.

3.1.3 Extract/decode information contained in ERS(A), NOTAMS and AIP supplements.

3.1.4 Understand the terms and abbreviations in AIP GEN which are relevant to flight in accordance with VFR.

3.2 Pilot licences, privileges and limitations

3.2.1 Know:

(a) privileges and limitations of the licence; and

(b) recent experience requirements; and

(c) classification of operations.

3.2.2 Extract/apply the rules pertaining to flight and duty time limitations for:

(a) PPL holders; and

(b) CPL holders.

3.3 Flight rules and conditions of flight

3.3.1 Select documents that must be carried on board an aircraft during flight in Australian airspace.

3.3.2 Extract/apply the rules relating to:

(a) carriage and discharge of firearms; and

(b) aerodromes where operations are note restricted to runways; and

(c) the conditions relating to flight in PRD areas.

3.3.3 Give examples of situations which would require a “security” prefix prior to a radio call.

3.4 Air service operations

3.4.1 Extract/apply the rules relating to:

(a) a pilot’s responsibilities before flight; and

(b) aerodrome meteorological minima; and

(c) carriage of:

(i) cargo; and

(ii) sick and handicapped persons; and

(iii) parachutists; and

(iv) flotation and survival equipment; and

(v) animals; and

(vi) dangerous goods; and

(e) requirement for passenger lists.

3.4.2 State the requirements to test radio equipment prior to taxi and maintain a listening watch.

3.5 Aerodromes

3.5.1 State a pilot’s responsibilities with regard to the use of aerodromes.

3.6 Airspace

3.6.1 Differentiate between the various classifications of airspace.

3.6.2 With respect to the terms listed in (a) to (g):

(a) flight information service FIR FIA OCTA; and

(b) air traffic control service CTA CTR controlled airspace; and

(c) radio “reports” and “broadcasts”; and

(d) VFR route and lanes of entry; and

(e) PRD areas; and

(f) CTAF(R) areas; and

(g) controlled aerodromes GAAP aerodromes; and

do the following:

(h) explain each term and, if applicable; and

(i) identify airspace boundaries on appropriate charts; and

(j) extract vertical limits of designated airspace from charts or ERS(A).

3.6.3 Extract/apply permitted tracking tolerances for VFR aircraft to avoid controlled airspace.

3.6.4 Know the requirements and procedures to be adopted when operating:

(a) in any class of airspace; and

(b) from or into:

(i) any licensed aerodrome; and

(ii) a CTAF(R).

Notes

1. “Requirements” means the need for clearances, reports and broadcasts.

2. “Procedures” means when to request a clearance, make a report/broadcast and pilot action on receipt of an instruction from ATC.

3. THIS TOPIC DOES NOT INCLUDE RADIO PHRASEOLOGY.

3.6.5 Altimetry:

(a) recall the datum from which an altimeter indicates height when the following are set on the subscale:

(i) Area QNH;

(ii) Local QNH;

(iii) QFE;

(iv) Standard Pressure Setting; and

(b) recall the meaning of the following:

(i) transition altitude;

(ii) transition level;

(iii) transition layer; and

(c) recall the procedures that are carried out with the altimeter at the Transition Altitude and the Transition Level on climb and descent; and

(d) derive the Transition Level for any given area QNH.

3.7 Emergencies, accidents, incidents

3.7.1 State the conditions under which a pilot may declare a mercy flight and select occasions when a mercy flight must not be undertaken.

3.7.2 Extract from AIP the responsibilities of a pilot regarding the notification of accidents and incidents.

3.7.3 AIRFLASH PRIORITY – Reserved

3.7.4 Cite examples of “hazards to navigation” that must be reported by pilots.

3.8 Security

3.8.1 Explain the term ADIZ and extract:

(a) the general requirements for operations in this zone; and

(b) the action by the pilot of the intercepted aircraft.

3.8.2 State the powers vested in a pilot in command.

4 Radio Telephony

4.1 Radio

4.1.1 Know the basic principles of radio wave propagation and recall the appropriate frequency bands for VHF, MF and HF.

4.1.2 Know the limitations of VHF and HF in terms of quality of reception and range.

4.1.3 List factors which may affect VHF and HF reception.

4.1.4 Use appropriate charts/documents to:

(a) extract VHF and HF frequencies; and

(b) determine communication coverage.

4.2 Transponder

4.2.1 State the precautions to be observed when selecting codes and extract transponder codes for:

(a) radio failure; and

(b) an emergency.

4.2.2 Given an area of operation decide whether it is necessary to use a transponder.

4.2.3 State the meaning of the terms SQUAWK, IDENT and CODE.

4.2.4 Describe the information (if any) that is transmitted when a pilot selects:

(a) STBY, ON; and

(b) ALT, IDENT.

4.2.5 Identify indications of normal and abnormal transponder operation and list factors that affect transponder reception.

5 Aeroplane Type Knowledge

5.1 Aeroplane knowledge

5.1.1 Prior to cross-country flight training, a student should:

(a) list aircraft equipment necessary for the flight; and

(b) demonstrate a knowledge of:

(i) tie down procedures; and

(ii) stowage of equipment/cargo; and

(iii) knowledge of location and use of an ELB; and

(iv) an awareness of survival procedures given in ERS(A).

6 Aerodynamics

6.1 Terminology

6.1.1 Identify descriptions/drawings of the following terms:

(a) aerofoil span chord camber thickness/chord ratio;

(b) relative airflow angle of attack;

(c) total reaction lift drag;

(d) laminar and turbulent boundary layers.

6.2 Design features

6.2.1 State the purpose of the following design features/controls:

(a) anhedral dihedral aspect ratio sweepback wash-out;

(b) wing spoilers flaps vortex generators;

(c) trim tabs.

6.3 Bernoulli’s theorem

6.3.1 Apply Bernoulli’s theorem of constant energy flow to describe how an aerofoil produces lift.

Note Limited to the variation of kinetic energy (dynamic pressure) and potential energy (static pressure) as air flows through a venturi or over a wing.

Students should also be aware that the upper surface of a wing generates the majority of lift.

6.4 Changes in angle of attack

6.4.1 State/identify the effect of changes in angle of attack up to the stalling angle on:

(a) pressure changes above and below the wing; and

(b) changes in airflow characteristics streamlined to turbulent; and

(c) lift and drag; and

(d) the boundary layer.

6.5 Lift and drag

6.5.1 State the meaning of the following terms used in the lift and drag formulae viz:

(a) C_L and C_D – depend on shape and angle of attack of an aerofoil;

(b) ½ R V² – defines dynamic pressure (IAS);

(c) S – defines surface area.

6.5.2 With reference to C_L, C_D, C_L/C_D graphs identify angles of attack associated with:

(a) minimum drag – max level flight speed; and

(b) max lift – stalling angle; and

(c) best C_L/C_D – best glide range and still air range.

6.5.3 Revise types of drag and state the effect on total drag resulting from changes in IAS, aircraft weight and height.

6.6 Manoeuvres

6.6.1 Draw/identify the forces of lift, weight, thrust and drag acting on an aeroplane in:

(a) “steady” level flight; and

(b) a “steady” climb; and

(c) a “steady” descent; and

(d) a balanced level turn.

6.6.2 State the relationship between speed, bank angle, radius and rate of turn during a balanced level turn.

6.6.3 For a given IAS use the rule of thumb to determine the approximate bank angle for a rate one turn.

6.6.4 State why:

(a) power must be applied to maintain speed in a level turn; and

(b) an aeroplane tends to overbank in level and climbing turns and not in descending turns.

6.6.5 State:

(a) the effect of aileron drag on turn performance at low airspeed; and

(b) how the following design features offset this drag:

(i) frise ailerons;

(ii) differential ailerons.

6.6.6 Stalling and spinning:

Review stall topics learnt in CPL Level 1 (item 2.6.8).

6.7 Performance considerations

6.7.1 Give reasons for flying for maximum still air range and endurance.

6.7.2 List/identify aerodynamic and engine considerations which are required to achieve maximum still air range and endurance when operating an aeroplane with a:

(a) normally aspirated engine; and

(b) turbocharged/supercharged engine.

6.7.3 From (theoretical) power required and power available graphs identify:

(a) stall speed (power on); and

(b) best still air range speed; and

(c) best endurance speed; and

(d) maximum level flight speed; and

(e) the region of reverse command.

Note The region of reverse command is (sometimes) colloquially described as the “back of the power curve”.

6.7.4 Revise the terms “load factor”, “g” and “wing loading” and cite situations that may result in an aeroplane exceeding load factor and wing loading limits.

6.7.5 Given that certain flight conditions remain constant, state the effect of:

(a) changes in weight and altitude (height) on:

(i) angle of attack and IAS in level flight; and

(ii) level flight range and endurance; and

(iii) turn rate and radius; and

(iv) glide range and endurance;

(b) changes in head/tail wind component on:

(i) level flight range and endurance; and

(ii) glide range and endurance; and

(c) changes in power on turn rate and radius.

6.8 Stability and control

6.8.1 State the effect of the factors listed below on the stability and control of an aeroplane in each of the three planes of movement:

(a) longitudinal stability:

(i) position of CG; and

(ii) movement of centre of pressure; and

(iii) changes in thrust; and

(iv) tailplane moment; and

(b) lateral stability:

(i) high versus low set wings; and

(ii) dihedral versus anhedral; and

(iii) sweepback; and

(c) directional stability:

(i) large fore/aft displacement of the CG; and

(ii) large versus small fin and rudder moment.

6.8.2 Understand the relationship between directional and lateral stability (spiral instability) and state the effect of spiral instability on the control of an aeroplane.

6.8.3 Recognise statements/diagrams which describe static and dynamic stability.

6.8.4 Describe the controllability problems associated with flight in the region of reverse command.

6.8.5 Explain the purpose of:

(a) trim tabs (fixed and cockpit controlled); and

(b) balance tabs; and

(c) anti-balance tabs; and

(d) aerodynamic balance; and

(e) mass balance.

6.8.6 Explain the function of the items mentioned in 6.8.5 in relation to the movement of a main control surface.

6.9 Taxi, take-off and landing

6.9.1 Describe the stability and control characteristics of nose wheel aeroplanes during ground operation.

6.9.2 Describe the result of the following factors on the controllability of an aeroplane:

(a) propeller torque and slipstream effect;

(b) gyroscopic effect;

(c) asymmetric blade effect.

6.9.3 Describe the term “ground effect” and its effect on aeroplane performance.

7 Navigation

7.1 Form of the earth

7.1.1 In order to apply this knowledge, a student should have an understanding of the items listed in (a) to (h):

(a) the shape and rotation of the earth; and

(b) latitude, longitude; and

(c) equator, Greenwich meridian; and

(e) great circles, small circles, rhumb lines; and

(f) difference between true and magnetic north; and

(g) terrestrial magnetism, magnetic variation and the change in variation with time; and

(h) distance on the earth i.e. relationship between a minute of latitude and a nautical mile;

and, if applicable, their effect on:

(i) position on the earth; and

(j) time differences; and

(k) distance and direction.

7.2 Time

7.2.1 Explain the terms UTC, Local Mean Time, Local (Standard) Time, Local summer time.

7.2.2 Extract (within +/- 5 min) the beginning and end of civil twilight from AIP daylight and darkness graphs.

7.2.3 Carry out conversions between:

· LMT, UTC, Local (Standard) times including local summer time.

7.2.4 List factors which may cause daylight to end earlier than the time extracted from AIP darkness graphs.

7.2.5 Describe the effect of the earth’s rotation and revolution around the sun on the:

(a) beginning and end of daylight

(b) period of daylight.

7.2.6 Describe the effect of changes in longitude on local mean time.

7.3 Charts and publications

Note AIP “Visual Charts” refers to the present ERC, VTC and AUS PCA and embraces any subsequent changes to charts required for flight under VFR.

7.3.1 From AIP “Visual Charts” and ERS(A), select the chart(s) document(s) which contain information about a given item of operational significance.

7.3.2 Extract/decode symbols and apply information displayed on AIP “visual charts”.

7.3.3 Interpret topographic detail and decode symbols displayed on a WAC and VTC.

7.3.4 On a WAC and AIP “visual charts” using chart and latitude scale:

(a) measure rhumb line track; and

(b) measure distance; and

(c) plot a position given:

(i) latitude and longitude; and

(ii) bearing and distance.

Note Students should also practice techniques to estimate track and distance.

7.3.5 A MPL student is expected to have a basic knowledge of the theory of map projections and:

(a) identify the following properties of a Lamberts Conformal:

(i) appearance of rhumb lines, great circles, meridians and the graticule;

(ii) distortion of shapes and areas;

(iii) scale variation;

Aeronautical knowledge and flight training for Intermediate Stage.

Aeronautical knowledge examination:
Examination result:    Pass/fail

Date:   Instructor:

PF
FSTD:
Actual:
PNF
FSTD:
Actual:

Total
FSTD:
Actual:

Trainee:

I have completed the training specified in the elements, which have been certified on this Achievement Record.

(Signature)   (Date)

Flight Training Organisation:

I certify that the trainee meets the all requirements for the Intermediate Stage and has consistently achieved competency in all the units and elements specified. I recommend

________________________________________________for the flight assessment.
Head of Training/Chief Flying Instructor:

(Signature)   (Date)

Attach this achievement record to the trainee’s training records and retain at the FTO.
Advanced Stage Achievement Record
NAME:……………………………………………………………………………ARN:………..……
The standard for certification of each element is that all performance criteria for that element are met.

Unit

Element

Instructor/ ARN/ Date

Trainee/Date

C1. English Communication in the Aviation Environment Communicate effectively face to face using clear and precise English

Communicates effectively in voice only RT communications using standard aviation phraseology

C7. Threat and error management Recognise and manage threats
Recognise and manage errors
Recognise and manage undesired aircraft state

C9. Manage flight during multi-crew operations Operate as a crew member (co operation)

Leadership and management

Maintain situational awareness

Make decisions

TR1. Preflight procedures Conduct preflight inspection

Extract preflight performance data

Start Engine

Taxi aircraft

Conduct pre-takeoff checks

TR2. Takeoff and departure procedures Conduct normal and crosswind takeoff

Conduct instrument takeoff

Manage engine failure during takeoff.

Perform rejected takeoff

Conduct departure procedure

TR3. Inflight procedures Conduct steep turns

Recover from approach to stall and developed stall

Manage engine failure in-flight and restart engine

Manage specific aircraft flight characteristics (when applicable)

Recover from unusual attitudes

TR4. Land and approach to land procedures Conduct normal and crosswind approach and landings

Conduct approach and landing with simulated engine failure

Conduct go around procedure

Conduct a flapless landing or non-standard flap landing

TR5. Normal systems operations Operate aircraft systems during normal flight

TR6. Non-normal and emergency procedures Manage non-normal and emergency procedures

TR7. Post flight procedures Completes after landing procedures.

Parks and secures aircraft

TR8. Upset aircraft recovery management Identify upset aircraft state

Recover from upset aircraft state

Type rating instrument flight procedures FPE17 - Standard Arrival Procedure

FPE20 - Departure procedure from an aerodrome without a SID

FPE21 - Departure procedure from an aerodrome with a SID or SRD

FPE25/26 - Non Precision Approaches

FPE27 - Precision approach and landing

Aeronautical knowledge and flight training requirements for MPL licence issue

Aeronautical knowledge examination:

Examination result:    Pass £ / Fail £     Date: ___/___/___

Knowledge Deficiency Report completed £    Date: ___/___/___

Aeronautical experience requirements

Solo
(10 Hours) Solo Cross-country
(5 hours) Flight Time
(40 hours) Total
(240 hours)

Actual: Actual: Actual: Actual:

FTD:

Total:

I have completed the training specified in the elements, which have been certified on this Achievement Record.
………………………………………………………….(Signature)

Flight Training Organisation:

I certify that the trainee meets the all requirements for the MPL application and has consistently achieved competency in all the units and elements. I recommend

_______________________________________________for the flight test.

Head of Training: ___________________________       ____________________      ___/___/___

   Name:   Signature     Date

Attach this achievement record to the candidate’s training records and retain at the FTO.
Appendix 8

Unit	Element	Instructor/ ARN/ Date	Trainee/Date
C1. English Communication in the Aviation Environment	Communicate effectively face to face using clear and precise English
Communicates effectively in voice only RT communications using standard aviation phraseology
C7. Threat and error management	Recognise and manage threats Recognise and manage errors Recognise and manage undesired aircraft state
C9. Manage flight during multi-crew operations	Operate as a crew member (co operation)
Leadership and management
Maintain situational awareness
Make decisions
TR1. Preflight procedures	Conduct preflight inspection
Extract preflight performance data
Start Engine
Taxi aircraft
Conduct pre-takeoff checks
TR2. Takeoff and departure procedures	Conduct normal and crosswind takeoff
Conduct instrument takeoff
Manage engine failure during takeoff.
Perform rejected takeoff
Conduct departure procedure
TR3. Inflight procedures	Conduct steep turns
Recover from approach to stall and developed stall
Manage engine failure in-flight and restart engine
Manage specific aircraft flight characteristics (when applicable)
Recover from unusual attitudes
TR4. Land and approach to land procedures	Conduct normal and crosswind approach and landings
Conduct approach and landing with simulated engine failure
Conduct go around procedure
Conduct a flapless landing or non-standard flap landing
TR5. Normal systems operations	Operate aircraft systems during normal flight
TR6. Non-normal and emergency procedures	Manage non-normal and emergency procedures
TR7. Post flight procedures	Completes after landing procedures.
Parks and secures aircraft
TR8. Upset aircraft recovery management	Identify upset aircraft state
Recover from upset aircraft state
Type rating instrument flight procedures	FPE17 - Standard Arrival Procedure
FPE20 - Departure procedure from an aerodrome without a SID
FPE21 - Departure procedure from an aerodrome with a SID or SRD
FPE25/26 - Non Precision Approaches
FPE27 - Precision approach and landing

MP(A)L — Flight Assessments

Core Stage
Core Stage Flight Assessment Standard
This section specifies the standards applicable to the conduct of the flight assessment at the completion of the Core Stage. The flight assessment is to be conducted to the standards specified on the Flight Assessment Report Form.
Flight Planning and Preparation Standard
The examiner specifies the route for the flight assessment which meets the following requirements:
·      duration of approximately 2.5 hours
·      proceed at least 150 nm from departure aerodrome
·      1 take-off from an aerodrome other than the departure aerodrome
·      include at least one full stop landing (slowing aircraft to at least taxi speed)
·complete all planning and preparation for the flight within 1 hour of notification of the task

·include in a suitable form:

– planned tracks, distances, levels, headings and estimated time intervals for each leg

– a fuel plan indicating that sufficient fuel and reserves applicable are carried for the flight

· As part of the planning process the trainee must also:
– obtain and use the current aeronautical information publications and charts necessary for the safe conduct of the flight

– obtain and apply information about availability and serviceability of en route aviation facilities, including aerodromes

– confirm that the aircraft is airworthy and has all normal and emergency equipment required for the flight

· all items of flight planning must be demonstrated to the standard specified
·the trainee must provide the examiner with a copy of the completed flight plan and operational information valid for the proposed flight.

Core Stage Flight Assessment Form

Full name of trainee:

Sighted by assessor:

Achievement record is complete------------------------- 1

Aeronautical knowledge examinations passed----------- 1

Trainee’s log book entries ------------------------- 1

Trainee’s flight training records---------- 1

Flight assessment recommendation------ 1

Date:

PASS/FAIL
Assessor name: ARN:

VH-
Signature: Flight time:

Indicate the result of the flight assessment for each element as follows:

? – Satisfactory

X – Unsatisfactory

N – Not Tested

PREFLIGHT KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT

X/?/N X/?/N

Explain the relationship between the flight manual and operations manual Calculate aircraft weight and ensure balance is within design limitations

Explain or simulate normal and abnormal operation of aircraft systems. Calculate take-off and landing performance requirements from given data

Explain operational requirements in all classes of airspace applicable to the planned flight Determine aircraft equipment requirements and serviceability in accordance with the flight manual

Demonstrate how to access, interpret and apply aviation meteorological forecasts and NOTAMs Demonstrate safety precautions that must be taken when refuelling an aircraft

Determine when there is a requirement to plan for an alternate aerodrome State the type of fuel and oil that may be used in the aircraft type flown

Core Stage Flight Assessment Report Form
The numbering of flight assessment units/elements in the flight assessment report form refers to the flight standards contained in the Achievement Record.

Common Units and Elements X/?/N Aeroplane Category Units and Elements X/?/N

C1 English communication in the aviation environment A1 Control the aeroplane on the ground

C2 Manage pre and post flight actions A2 Take-off aeroplane

C3 Operate radio A3 Control aeroplane in normal flight

C4 Manage fuel A4 Land aeroplane

C5 Manage passengers and cargo A5 Execute advanced manoeuvres and procedures

C6 Manage flight A6 Manage abnormal situations*

C7 Threat and error management IF1.1 Determine and monitor serviceability of flight instruments and instrument power sources

C8 Navigate aircraft IF1.2 Perform manoeuvres using full instrument panel

Basic Stage
Basic Stage Flight Assessment Standard
This section specifies the standards applicable to the conduct of the flight assessment at the completion of the Basic Stage. The flight assessment is to be conducted to the standards specified on the Flight Assessment Report Form.
Flight Planning and Preparation Standard
The flight examiner specifies the route for the flight assessment, which meets the following requirements:
· Simulate a non-scheduled air transport flight:
– proceed at least 100 nm from departure aerodrome

Common Units and Elements	X/?/N	Aeroplane Category Units and Elements	X/?/N
C1	English communication in the aviation environment	A1	Control the aeroplane on the ground
C2	Manage pre and post flight actions	A2	Take-off aeroplane
C3	Operate radio	A3	Control aeroplane in normal flight
C4	Manage fuel	A4	Land aeroplane
C5	Manage passengers and cargo	A5	Execute advanced manoeuvres and procedures
C6	Manage flight	A6	Manage abnormal situations*
C7	Threat and error management	IF1.1	Determine and monitor serviceability of flight instruments and instrument power sources
C8	Navigate aircraft	IF1.2	Perform manoeuvres using full instrument panel

– include at least 3 take-offs and landings

– include a landing at an aerodrome other than that of departure

– include a diversion from flight planned route

– include operation in Class C airspace

– complete all planning and preparation for the flight within 1 hour of notification of the task

· Include on a suitable form:
– planned tracks, distances, levels, headings and estimated time intervals for each le.g.

– a fuel plan indicating that sufficient fuel and reserves applicable the operation is carried for the flight

· As part of the planning process, the trainee must also:
– obtain and use the current aeronautical information publications and charts necessary for the safe conduct of the flight

– obtain and apply information about availability and serviceability of en route aviation facilities, including aerodromes

– confirm that the aircraft is airworthy and has all normal and emergency equipment required for the flight

– all items of flight planning must be demonstrated to the standard specified

– the trainee must provide the examiner with a copy of the completed flight plan and operational information valid for the proposed flight.

Basic Stage Flight Assessment Form

Full name of trainee:
Sighted by assessor: Achievement record is complete---------------------- 1 Aeronautical knowledge examinations passed--------- 1 Trainee’s log book entries---------------------------- 1		Trainee’s flight training records------------- 1 Flight assessment recommendation --------- 1 Date:
PASS/FAIL	Assessor name:		ARN:
VH-	Signature:		Flight time:

A report was provided to the FTO on each unsatisfactory unit or element, recommended retraining and units or elements to be reassessed.
Indicate the result of the flight assessment for each element as follows:

? – Satisfactory

X – Unsatisfactory

N – Not Tested

PREFLIGHT KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT

X/?/N X/?/N

Explain the requirements for flight crew relating to use of drugs and alcohol Calculate aircraft weight and ensure balance is within design limitations

Explain fatigue management requirements Calculate take-off and landing performance requirements from given data

Explain the relationship between the flight manual and operations manual Explain rules relating to pilot maintenance authorities

Explain or simulate normal and abnormal operation of aircraft systems Determine aircraft equipment requirements and serviceability in accordance with an MEL

Demonstrate how to access, interpret and apply aviation meteorological forecasts and NOTAMs Demonstrate safety precautions that must be taken when refuelling an aircraft

Determine when there is a requirement to plan for an alternate aerodrome State the type of fuel and oil that may be used in the aircraft type flown

Basic Stage Flight Assessment Report Form
The numbering of flight assessment units/elements in the flight assessment form refers to the flight standards contained in the Achievement Record.

Common and IF/NVFR Units X/?/N Aeroplane and FPE Units X/?/N

C1 English communication in the aviation environment A1 Control aeroplane on the ground

C2 Manage pre and post flight actions A2 Take-off aeroplane

C3 Operate radio A3 Control aeroplane in normal flight

C4 Manage fuel A4 Land aeroplane

C5 Manage passengers and cargo A5 Execute advanced manoeuvres and procedures

C6 Manage flight A6 Manage abnormal situations

C7 Threat and error management IF8 Operate aircraft at night during IFR

C8 Navigate aircraft IF18 Perform standard arrival route

IF1 Full panel instrument manoeuvres IF19 Perform instrument departure (single engine)

IF2 Limited instrument panel manoeuvres IF20 Perform standard instrument departure

IF3 Management and operational and fuel planning IF9 Visual circling approach

IF4 Management of pre and post flight actions IF10 NDB instrument approach

IF5 Compliance with air traffic rules and procedures IF11 VOR instrument approach

IF6 Management of emergency procedures IF15 ILS instrument approach

IF7 Task management IF16 DME/GPS arrival

Navigation using radio aids IF13 GPS/NPA approach

IF12 Navigation using GPS

NVFR3 Operate aircraft in the traffic pattern at night

NVFR6 Management of emergency procedures at night

INTERMEDIATE STAGE
Intermediate Stage Flight Assessment Standard
This section specifies the standards applicable to the conduct of the flight assessment at the completion of the Intermediate Stage. The flight assessment is to be conducted to the standards specified on the Flight Assessment Report Form.
Flight Planning and Preparation Standard
The flight examiner specifies a route for the flight assessment which simulates a scheduled air transport route.
Note
·All items of flight planning must be demonstrated to the standard specified.

·The trainee must provide the examiner with copies of the completed plans (flight and fuel) and operational information valid for the proposed flight.

Intermediate Stage Flight Assessment Report Form

Full name of trainee:

Sighted by assessor:

Achievement record is complete---------------------- 1

Aeronautical knowledge examinations passed--------- 1

Trainee’s log book entries---------------------------- 1

Trainee’s flight training records------------- 1

Flight assessment recommendation--------- 1

Date:

PASS/FAIL Assessor name: ARN:

VH- Signature: Flight time:

A report was provided to the FTO on each unsatisfactory unit or element, recommended retraining and units or elements to be reassessed.
Indicate the result of the flight assessment for each element as follows:

? – Satisfactory

X – Unsatisfactory

N – Not Tested

PREFLIGHT KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT

X/?/N X/?/N

Determine aircraft equipment requirements and serviceability for IFR flight Recall and explain management of normal and degraded operation of aircraft navigation and flight instrument systems

Recall and explain the privileges and limitations of an instrument rating Recall IFR and approach aid recency requirements

Obtain, interpret and apply aviation meteorological forecasts and NOTAMs Determine take-off and landing performance requirements from given data

Recall requirements for alternate aerodrome and holding fuel Calculate that aircraft weight and balance is within limitations for a flight

Obtain and understand current operational information Applicant holds current operational documents and demonstrates competency in their use

Recall IFR procedures for all airspace categories Understand ERSA normal and emergency procedures

Correctly interpret DAPs. Understand requirements for circling approaches

Recall hazardous weather conditions (turbulence/icing) Flight plan accurate and complete – including ETP/CP

Recall and explain the importance of crew cooperation and communication Take-off briefing covered abnormal actions and plan

Intermediate Stage Flight Assessment Report Form
The numbering of flight assessment units/elements in the flight assessment from refers to the flight standards contained in the Achievement Record.

Common and IF Units X/?/N Aeroplane and FPE Units X/?/N

C1 English communication in the aviation environment IF1 Full panel instrument manoeuvres

C4 Manage fuel IF2 Limited instrument panel manoeuvres

C5 Manage passengers and cargo IF3 Management and operational and fuel planning

C7 Threat and error management IF4 Management of pre and post flight actions

C8 Navigation IF5 Compliance with air traffic rules and procedures

C9 Manage flight during multi-crew operations IF6 Management of emergency procedures

A1 Control aeroplane on the ground IF7 Task management

A2 Take-off aeroplane IF8 Operate aircraft at night during IFR

A3 Control aeroplane in normal flight IF9 Visual circling approach

A4 Land aeroplane IF10 NDB instrument approach

A5 Execute advanced manoeuvres and procedures IF11 VOR instrument approach

A6 Manage abnormal situations IF12 Navigate using GPS

IF26 Multi-engine aeroplane IF13 GPS/NPA approach

TR8 Upset aircraft recovery management – large aircraft IF14 GPS/NPA approach with vertical guidance

IF15 ILS instrument approach

IF16 DME/GPS arrival

IF18 Perform standard arrival route (STAR)

IF21 Instrument departure from aerodrome without SID or SRD

IF22 Standard instrument departure using a SID or SRD

IF25 Instrument approach and missed approach – multi-engine aeroplane with simulated engine failure

PRACTICAL IN-FLIGHT SKILL ASSESSMENT
Practical in-flight skill assessment Standard
This section specifies the standards applicable to the conduct of the flight assessment at the completion of the training and is conducted in an aeroplane of the same type the MP(A)L flight test was conducted in.
The assessment must be done only after the candidate has successfully passed the MP(A)L flight test.
The purpose of this assessment is to confirm the candidate’s ability to operate the aeroplane type used in the MP(A)L flight test to the competency standards specified in Appendix 6 of CAO 40.1.8 as set out in the Flight Assessment Report Form.
The flight involves base operations only. The flight testing officer will complete an assessment of the candidate’s performance operating as co-pilot flying the aeroplane completing at least 12 take-offs and 12 landings as pilot flying in normal operations only.
Practical In-flight Skills Assessment Report Form

Full name of Trainee:________________________ ARN:___________________________________ _____________________________________________

Flight Details: Location:_______________________________ Date of Flight(s):__________________

Aircraft Type:_____________________ Callsign:__________________________________________

Flight Time:________ hrs) Number of Take-offs and Landings:_______________________________

RESULT

Flight Testing Officer’s Name______________________________ ARN__________

PASS / FAIL

Signature:_______________________________________________ Date __/__/__

A report must be provided to the FTO on each unsatisfactory unit or element, recommended retraining and units or elements to be reassessed.
Indicate the result of the flight assessment for each element as follows:

? – Satisfactory

X – Unsatisfactory

N – Not Tested

The numbering of flight assessment units in the flight assessment form refers to the flight standards contained in the Achievement Record.

Units ?/X/N Units ?/ X/N

C1 English communication in the aviation environment C7 Threat and error management

C9 Manage flight during multi‑crew operations

IF5 Compliance with air traffic rules and procedures IF7 Task management

TR1 Preflight procedures TR2 Take-off and departure procedures

TR3 Inflight procedures TR4 Land and approach to land procedures

TR5 Normal systems operations TR7 Post flight procedures

Comments/Observations:

Appendix 9

Reporting Requirements for Training Organisations

1.         DATA REQUIRED FOR MP(A)L CLASS AFTER GRADUATION

Approved Training Organisation Details (Accountable organisation):

NAME:

LOCATION:

MPL CLASS NAME:

MPL CLASS SIZE:

Phase 1 – CORE:

Average additional aircraft actual flight hours:   hours

Average additional FSTD time:   hours

Phase 2 – BASIC:

Average additional aircraft actual flight hours:   hours

Average additional FSTD time:   hours

Phase 3 – INTERMEDIATE:

Average additional FSTD time:   hours

Phase 4 – ADVANCED:

Average additional FSTD time:   hours

Pilot flying on actual aircraft type-

Average additional number of take-offs and landings

Rate of repeat of skill test   %

Skill test pass rate   %

2.         DATA REQUIRED FOR EACH MPL GRADUATE

AS PER ICAO STATE LETTER AN 12/50 – 07/37

3.         MPL LINE CHECK EVALUATION FORM

AS PER ICAO STATE LETTER AN 12/50 – 07/37

Appendix 10

MPL FLIGHT TEST GUIDE

Introduction

1 An applicant for the Multi-crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence (MPL(A) must have completed an approved course of training conducted by an organisation approved by CASA to conduct such training. The course must have trained the pilot the level of proficiency and competence necessary to operate under the VFR and IFR as a co-pilot of a multi-engine, turbine-powered, air transport aeroplane certified for operation with a crew of 2 or more pilots.

2 The course graduate is expected to demonstrate the ability to successfully undertake a type‑rating test on an appropriate aircraft type. This test will be undertaken at the end of the Advanced Phase of the MPL(A) course. However, unlike candidates who have undertaken CPL(A)/ATPL(A) training, the MPL(A) candidate will not yet hold a professional pilot licence or instrument rating. Therefore, the type rating test will also incorporate appropriate elements of both an initial professional pilot licence test and an initial instrument rating. The test is called the MP(A)L Flight Test.

3 The aim of the flight test is to ensure that the candidate is capable of equivalent levels of aircraft handling and operation as required of a pilot holding an ATPL(A) and will be conducted in a Level D Flight Simulator approved for the purpose by CASA. The candidate will be expected to demonstrate appropriate competence both as Pilot Flying (PF) and as Pilot Monitoring (PM) throughout the flight test. Following successful completion of the test, the candidate will undertake aircraft training with an airline on the same aircraft type. During the aircraft training, the candidate is expected to confirm competence by demonstration of proficiency in all appropriate areas. This aircraft training will be administered by the airline and is regarded as “confirmatory” i.e. it does not comprise part of the flight test.

4 The flight test is to be conducted over a minimum of 2 simulator sessions. At least 1 session will be dedicated to aircraft handling and at least 1 session will be conducted as a simulated commercial line flight incorporating appropriate aspects of the instrument rating as well as all normal line operations.

5 The flight test must be conducted in a multi-crew environment throughout with appropriate levels of crew cooperation. The demonstration of both technical and appropriate non-technical skills in the form of Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Threat and Error Management (TEM) will be required. The minimum composition of the crew for the flight test will be:

(a) the candidate; and

(b) a second pilot. This must be either a type rated pilot or a second candidate. At the discretion of the approved training organisation and the candidates, the second pilot may be another candidate. If another candidate acts as the second pilot, the test may be conducted concurrently on both candidates; and

(c) an examiner. This will be a CASA delegate approved for the purpose; and

(d) a simulator facilitator. This person will be a simulator instructor or another suitably qualified person nominated by the training organisation. Their role is to facilitate the operation of the simulator during the test in accordance with the requirements of the examiner. The facilitator may also be the examiner, if the examiner is qualified to operate the simulator.

Competencies

6 In order to be assessed as suitable for the award of an MP(A)L, the candidate must demonstrate competence when operating as both PF and PM, in the following competency units:

(a) perform aircraft operations in normal and abnormal situations. Competency sub-elements are:

(i) perform preflight planning and aeroplane ground operations;

(ii) perform take-off;

(iii) perform cruise;

(iv) perform landing; and

(v) perform after-landing and aeroplane post-flight operations; and

(b) apply human performance principles including the appropriate non‑technical skills associated with sound CRM and TEM principles during all of the above competency sub-elements.

7 The detailed exercises required to be undertaken in the flight test are set out in the Schedule below. The instructor(s), who have conducted the candidate’s training, are required to certify by signature against every manoeuvre the date that the candidate achieved competence in that manoeuvre. The candidate may not undertake the flight test unless all competencies are so certified. The following symbology is used in the schedule:

PF – Demonstrate competence while acting as PF. The autopilot may be used for appropriate manoeuvres at the candidate’s discretion but the candidate may be asked by the examiner to demonstrate manual handling capability in any of these manoeuvres.

PM – Demonstrate competence while acting as PM. In particular, the candidate will be expected to demonstrate a high level of monitoring skill and to demonstrate appropriate assertion and intervention skills if necessary.

FS – These manoeuvres must be completed in a Level D Full Flight Simulator.

FTD – These manoeuvres may be completed in either a Level D Full Flight Simulator or a Flight Training Device approved by CASA for the purpose, for example, an approved fully type-representative fixed base simulator.

(I) – It is mandatory that this element is flown solely by relation to instruments and procedures conducted in accordance with the IFR.

(Manual) – It is mandatory that these manoeuvres are flown manually i.e. with the autopilot disengaged.

(*)– Choice of manoeuvres as specified by the examiner.

(#) – Where a choice of manoeuvres is indicated, manoeuvres marked # are mandatory.

8 Candidates may make appropriate use of the auto-flight systems in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer recommendations and sponsoring airline operational procedures. During the flight test, the candidate may be required, at the examiner’s discretion, to demonstrate competence in any manoeuvres, whilst manually flying the aircraft, as well as demonstrating competence in use of any, or all, of the auto-flight systems.

9 The following manoeuvre tolerances indicate the standard of accuracy required in either manual or automatic flight. Minor deviations outside these tolerances will not in themselves constitute a ‘fail’ provided the candidate corrects promptly and smoothly:

Altitude – plus/minus 100 ft (instrument approach plus 100 ft minus 0 ft at minima)

IAS – plus/minus 10 kts

Heading – plus/minus 5 degrees

NDB/VOR Tracking – plus/minus 5 degrees

ILS Tracking – plus/minus half scale (1 dot normal scale or equivalent)

RNAV(RNP) – within the lateral and vertical RNP limits published for the procedure being flown.

10 In order to pass the flight test, the candidate must demonstrate competence in all mandatory manoeuvres/procedures and all other optional manoeuvres/procedures that comprise the test. The candidate may, at the examiner’s discretion, be requested to repeat a mishandled manoeuvre/procedure to demonstrate competence. An exercise may be repeated where the technique is correct but the execution may be, for example, outside tracking tolerances or, in the case of a procedure, take an inappropriate time to complete. The underpinning principle is that the successful outcome of a manoeuvre/procedure should never be in doubt. The examiner will complete the test schedule at Annexe A and initial against each manoeuvre/procedure or series of manoeuvres/procedures completed and assign a grade in accordance with the following scale recommended by ICAO.

0 = incomplete or not observed

1 = unsatisfactory

2 = satisfactory but debrief required

3 = standard

4 = excellent

11 A pass in the flight test requires a grade of not less than 2 in any manoeuvre. Upon completion of the test, the examiner will complete the assessment and signature block at the end of the test schedule and advise the candidate of the result. The candidate should be comprehensively debriefed regardless of the outcome of the test.

MP(A)L Flight Test Schedule
SECTION 1 Predeparture Manoeuvres and Procedures

Manoeuvre/Procedure

PF

PM

Competency achieved on date

Certifying Instructor
Signature

MPL IST Competency Demonstrated on date

MPL IST Testing Officer Initials

Grade

Preparation for flight including:

       documentation and flight planning

       weight and balance

       minimum equipment list

       (#)

FS / FTD

FS/FTD

Prestart checks (#)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Engine start – normal (#)
and with malfunctions (*)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Taxiing (#)

FS

FS

Predeparture checks (#)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

ATC liaison; clearance; compliance (#)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

SECTION 2 Airwork – Aircraft Handling Manoeuvres and Procedures

Manoeuvre/Procedure

PF

PM

Competency achieved on date

Certifying Instructor
Signature

MPL IST Competency Demonstrated on date

MPL IST Testing Officer Initials

Grade

Takeoff (visual) normal (#) and crosswind (*)

FS

FS

Takeoff (instrument transition on rotation) normal (#) and crosswind (*)

FS

FS

Takeoff with different flap settings and different weights (including max permitted AUW) (*)

FS

FS

Engine failures on takeoff at low speed (*); immediately prior to V1 (#); at V2 (*)
FS

FS

Straight and level flight at various airspeeds; flight at and recovery from critically low airspeed (approach to stall) (#) and approach to VMCA(#)
(MAN)

FS

FS

Standard rate turns (#)
steep turns through 180 degrees at 45*AOB (*) (MAN)

FS

FS

High speed/altitude effects appropriate to type e.g. Mach buffet (#); Dutch Roll (*)

FS

FS

Normal operation of the following systems (incl. Flight Engineer Panel if applicable) Achievement of competency in normal and abnormal / emergency   operation of all systems required Competency shall be demonstrated in normal operation of all systems and abnormal / emerg operation of all systems marked (#) plus any 3 marked (*)

Engine (incl. prop, if applicable)
Normal (#) Abnormal (#)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Pressurisation and air conditioning
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Pitot – static
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Fuel system
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Electrical system
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Hydraulic system
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Flight controls and trim system
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Anti-icing/De-icing systems
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)
Normal (#) Abnormal (#)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Weather radar
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Landing gear and brakes
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Flaps and slats
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Auxiliary power unit
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Engine shutdown and restart
Normal (#) Abnormal (*)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Windshear (takeoff and landing) (#)

FS

FS

Rejected take-off procedure (#)
FS

FS

Emergency descent (#)
FS FS

Incapacitation of flight crew member (#)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Upset recovery (U/As) (#)

FS / FTD

FS/FTD

ACAS event (#)

FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Cruise/Airways Procedures (I) (#) FS/FTD FS/FTD

Holding procedures (I) (#)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

Precision Instrument Approach to minima (with G/P Guidance) (I) (#) (MAN)
FS

FS

Non-Precision Instrument Approach to minima (runway aligned without G/P Guidance)
(I) (#)

FS

FS

Non-Precision Instrument Approach to minima (without G/P Guidance). Circling Approach.
(I)         (#) (MAN)
FS

FS

APV Instrument Approach to minima
(I) (#)

FS

FS

Landing normal and crosswind (#) (MAN)
FS

FS

Landing with different flap settings and different weights (including max permitted AUW) (*)
FS

FS

Go Around from minima with one engine inop (#) (MAN) FS FS

Go Around from flare (Baulked Landing) (*) (MAN) FS FS

After landing, shutdown and post-flight procedures (#)
FS/FTD

FS/FTD

I certify that__________________________________________________________________________ ARN______
HAS/HAS NOT passed the Multi-crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence Flight Test and has been advised of the result.
Signed________________________________ Name____________________________________________ ARN _
Date__________________________________
Multi-crew Pilot Licence Flight Test Standard (Cover Sheet)

Multi-crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence Flight Test Report

Name of Trainee:

ARN:

Training Organisation:

ARN:

Medical:  Expiry Date

DOB:

Test Location:

Date/Time:

Testing Officer:

ARN:

Aeronautical Knowledge

Knowledge Deficiency Report

Aeronautical Experience

Aeronautical Hours Required

Actual

Aircraft          40 hours

Solo               10 hours

Cross Country (Solo)      5 hours

Total              240 hours

Instrument Endorsements

NDB  £

VOR                    £

ILS           £

DME/GPS           £

RNAV(GNSS)    £

APV         £

Testing Officer Signature:

Trainee Signature:

PASS/FAIL

FTD:

Flight hours:

Manoeuvre/Procedure	PF	PM	Competency achieved on date	Certifying Instructor Signature	MPL IST Competency Demonstrated on date	MPL IST Testing Officer Initials	Grade
*Takeoff (visual) normal (#) and crosswind ()**	FS	FS
*Takeoff (instrument transition on rotation) normal (#) and crosswind ()**	FS	FS
*Takeoff with different flap settings and different weights (including max permitted AUW) ()**	FS	FS
*Engine failures on takeoff at low speed (); immediately prior to V1 (#); at V2 ()*	FS	FS
Straight and level flight at various airspeeds; flight at and recovery from critically low airspeed (approach to stall) (#) and approach to VMCA(#) (MAN)	FS	FS
Standard rate turns (#) *steep turns through 180 degrees at 45AOB () (MAN)*	FS	FS
*High speed/altitude effects appropriate to type e.g. Mach buffet (#); Dutch Roll ()**	FS	FS
Normal operation of the following systems (incl. Flight Engineer Panel if applicable)	Achievement of competency in normal and abnormal / emergency operation of all systems required	*Competency shall be demonstrated in normal operation of all systems and abnormal / emerg operation of all systems marked (#) plus any 3 marked ()**
Engine (incl. prop, if applicable) Normal (#) Abnormal (#)	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Pressurisation and air conditioning *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Pitot – static *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Fuel system *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Electrical system *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Hydraulic system *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Flight controls and trim system *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Anti-icing/De-icing systems *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) Normal (#) Abnormal (#)	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Weather radar *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Landing gear and brakes *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Flaps and slats *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Auxiliary power unit *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Engine shutdown and restart *Normal (#) Abnormal ()**	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Windshear (takeoff and landing) (#)	FS	FS
Rejected take-off procedure (#)	FS	FS
Emergency descent (#)	FS	FS
Incapacitation of flight crew member (#)	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Upset recovery (U/As) (#)	FS / FTD	FS/FTD
ACAS event (#)	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Cruise/Airways Procedures (I) (#)	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Holding procedures (I) (#)	FS/FTD	FS/FTD
Precision Instrument Approach to minima (with G/P Guidance) (I) (#) (MAN)	FS	FS
Non-Precision Instrument Approach to minima (runway aligned without G/P Guidance) (I) (#)	FS	FS
Non-Precision Instrument Approach to minima (without G/P Guidance). Circling Approach. (I) (#) (MAN)	FS	FS
APV Instrument Approach to minima (I) (#)	FS	FS
Landing normal and crosswind (#) (MAN)	FS	FS
*Landing with different flap settings and different weights (including max permitted AUW) ()**	FS	FS
Go Around from minima with one engine inop (#) (MAN)	FS	FS
*Go Around from flare (Baulked Landing) () (MAN)**	FS	FS
After landing, shutdown and post-flight procedures (#)	FS/FTD	FS/FTD

Actions

Download as PDF Download as Word Document

Citations

Civil Aviation Order 40.1.8 Instrument 2008 (Cth)

Cases Citing This Decision

0

Cases Cited

0

Statutory Material Cited

0

Aeronautical knowledge and flight training requirements for MPL licence issue
Aeronautical knowledge examination: Examination result: Pass £ / Fail £ Date: ___/___/___ Knowledge Deficiency Report completed £ Date: ___/___/___
Aeronautical experience requirements
Solo (10 Hours)	Solo Cross-country (5 hours)	Flight Time (40 hours)	Total (240 hours)
Actual:	Actual:	Actual:	Actual:
FTD:
Total:

PREFLIGHT KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT
X/?/N	X/?/N
Explain the relationship between the flight manual and operations manual	Calculate aircraft weight and ensure balance is within design limitations
Explain or simulate normal and abnormal operation of aircraft systems.	Calculate take-off and landing performance requirements from given data
Explain operational requirements in all classes of airspace applicable to the planned flight	Determine aircraft equipment requirements and serviceability in accordance with the flight manual
Demonstrate how to access, interpret and apply aviation meteorological forecasts and NOTAMs	Demonstrate safety precautions that must be taken when refuelling an aircraft
Determine when there is a requirement to plan for an alternate aerodrome	State the type of fuel and oil that may be used in the aircraft type flown

PREFLIGHT KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT
X/?/N	X/?/N
Explain the requirements for flight crew relating to use of drugs and alcohol	Calculate aircraft weight and ensure balance is within design limitations
Explain fatigue management requirements	Calculate take-off and landing performance requirements from given data
Explain the relationship between the flight manual and operations manual	Explain rules relating to pilot maintenance authorities
Explain or simulate normal and abnormal operation of aircraft systems	Determine aircraft equipment requirements and serviceability in accordance with an MEL
Demonstrate how to access, interpret and apply aviation meteorological forecasts and NOTAMs	Demonstrate safety precautions that must be taken when refuelling an aircraft
Determine when there is a requirement to plan for an alternate aerodrome	State the type of fuel and oil that may be used in the aircraft type flown

Common and IF/NVFR Units	X/?/N	Aeroplane and FPE Units	X/?/N
C1	English communication in the aviation environment	A1	Control aeroplane on the ground
C2	Manage pre and post flight actions	A2	Take-off aeroplane
C3	Operate radio	A3	Control aeroplane in normal flight
C4	Manage fuel	A4	Land aeroplane
C5	Manage passengers and cargo	A5	Execute advanced manoeuvres and procedures
C6	Manage flight	A6	Manage abnormal situations
C7	Threat and error management	IF8	Operate aircraft at night during IFR
C8	Navigate aircraft	IF18	Perform standard arrival route
IF1	Full panel instrument manoeuvres	IF19	Perform instrument departure (single engine)
IF2	Limited instrument panel manoeuvres	IF20	Perform standard instrument departure
IF3	Management and operational and fuel planning	IF9	Visual circling approach
IF4	Management of pre and post flight actions	IF10	NDB instrument approach
IF5	Compliance with air traffic rules and procedures	IF11	VOR instrument approach
IF6	Management of emergency procedures	IF15	ILS instrument approach
IF7	Task management	IF16	DME/GPS arrival
Navigation using radio aids	IF13	GPS/NPA approach
IF12	Navigation using GPS
NVFR3	Operate aircraft in the traffic pattern at night
NVFR6	Management of emergency procedures at night

Common and IF Units	X/?/N	Aeroplane and FPE Units	X/?/N
C1	English communication in the aviation environment	IF1	Full panel instrument manoeuvres
C4	Manage fuel	IF2	Limited instrument panel manoeuvres
C5	Manage passengers and cargo	IF3	Management and operational and fuel planning
C7	Threat and error management	IF4	Management of pre and post flight actions
C8	Navigation	IF5	Compliance with air traffic rules and procedures
C9	Manage flight during multi-crew operations	IF6	Management of emergency procedures
A1	Control aeroplane on the ground	IF7	Task management
A2	Take-off aeroplane	IF8	Operate aircraft at night during IFR
A3	Control aeroplane in normal flight	IF9	Visual circling approach
A4	Land aeroplane	IF10	NDB instrument approach
A5	Execute advanced manoeuvres and procedures	IF11	VOR instrument approach
A6	Manage abnormal situations	IF12	Navigate using GPS
IF26	Multi-engine aeroplane	IF13	GPS/NPA approach
TR8	Upset aircraft recovery management – large aircraft	IF14	GPS/NPA approach with vertical guidance
IF15	ILS instrument approach
IF16	DME/GPS arrival
IF18	Perform standard arrival route (STAR)
IF21	Instrument departure from aerodrome without SID or SRD
IF22	Standard instrument departure using a SID or SRD
IF25	Instrument approach and missed approach – multi-engine aeroplane with simulated engine failure

Full name of Trainee:________________________ ARN:___________________________________ _____________________________________________
Flight Details: Location:_______________________________ Date of Flight(s):__________________ Aircraft Type:_____________________ Callsign:__________________________________________ Flight Time:________ hrs) Number of Take-offs and Landings:_______________________________
RESULT	Flight Testing Officer’s Name______________________________ ARN__________
PASS / FAIL	Signature:_______________________________________________ Date __/__/__

Units	?/X/N	Units	?/ X/N
C1	English communication in the aviation environment	C7	Threat and error management
C9	Manage flight during multi‑crew operations
IF5	Compliance with air traffic rules and procedures	IF7	Task management
TR1	Preflight procedures	TR2	Take-off and departure procedures
TR3	Inflight procedures	TR4	Land and approach to land procedures
TR5	Normal systems operations	TR7	Post flight procedures
Comments/Observations:

Multi-crew Pilot (Aeroplane) Licence Flight Test Report
Name of Trainee:		ARN:	Training Organisation:	ARN:
Medical: Expiry Date	DOB:		Test Location:	Date/Time:
Testing Officer:	ARN:
Aeronautical Knowledge			Knowledge Deficiency Report
Aeronautical Experience
Aeronautical Hours Required			Actual
Aircraft 40 hours
Solo 10 hours
Cross Country (Solo) 5 hours
Total 240 hours
Instrument Endorsements
NDB £	VOR £		ILS £
DME/GPS £	RNAV(GNSS) £		APV £
Testing Officer Signature:			Trainee Signature:
PASS/FAIL	FTD:		Flight hours: