CDirector of Public Prosecutions v Yeoh & Tan
[2024] VCC 1323
•23 August 2024
| IN THE COUNTY COURT OF VICTORIA AT MELBOURNE CRIMINAL DIVISION | Revised Not Restricted Suitable for Publication |
Case No. CR-23-01515
CR-23-01517
| DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS |
| (CTH) |
| v |
| YAP SHENG YEOH |
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JUDGE: | HER HONOUR JUDGE HARPER | |
WHERE HELD: | Melbourne | |
DATE OF HEARING: | 22 July, 12 August 2024 | |
DATE OF SENTENCE: | 23 August 2024 | |
CASE MAY BE CITED AS: | DPP (Cth) v Yeoh & Anor | |
MEDIUM NEUTRAL CITATION: | [2024] VCC 1323 | |
REASONS FOR SENTENCE
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Subject:CRIMINAL LAW
Catchwords: Dealing with money worth $100,000 or more, attempting to possess a CQ of unlawfully imported border controlled drug; trafficking in a controlled drug; dealing with money reasonably suspected of being proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more.
Legislation Cited: Criminal Code (Cth), Crimes Act 1914 (Cth), Control of Weapons Act 1990 (Vic), Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic)
Cases Cited:Ong v R [2023] VSCA 116, Goh v R [2022] VSCA 24, Jacques v R [2021] SASCA 94, Stipkovich v R [2018] WASCA 63, Thomas v R [2016] VSCA 237, Tran v R [2020] VSCA 284 and Jung v R [2022] VSCA 68, DPP v Meng [2023] VCC 439, DPP v Bi & Ors [2020] VCC 2103, DPP v Mendoza & Benisi [2014] VCC 418, DPP v Li [2024] VCC 503, DPP v Pan [2022] VCC 1280
Sentence: YEOH – 8 years 6 months with NPP 5 years 6 months TAN - 2 years with recognisance release order after 9 months
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APPEARANCES: | Counsel | Solicitors |
| For the Director of Public Prosecutions | Ms E. Addams | Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions |
For Offender Yeoh For Offender Tan | Ms M. Brown Mr C. Terry | Stephen Andrianakis & Associates Seda Kilic & Associates |
HER HONOUR:
1Yap Sheng Yeoh, you have pleaded guilty to one charge of dealing with money that you believed to be proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more, contrary to s 400.4(1) of the Criminal Code (Cth), one charge of attempting to possess a commercial quantity of unlawfully imported border-controlled drugs, contrary to ss 11.1 and 307.5(1) of the Criminal Code (Cth) and one charge of trafficking a controlled drug, contrary to s 302.4(1) of the Criminal Code (Cth).
2You have also pleaded guilty to a related summary offence being that of bringing into Victoria a prohibited weapon without an exemption or approval, contrary to s.5(1)(a) of the Control of Weapons Act 1990.
3The maximum penalty for dealing with proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more is 20 years imprisonment, for attempting to possess a commercial quantity of unlawfully imported border-controlled drugs the maximum penalty is life imprisonment and for trafficking a controlled drug the maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment. For the related summary offence, the maximum penalty is 2 years imprisonment.
4Shee Loon Tan, you have pleaded guilty to dealing with money reasonably suspected of being proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more contrary to s 400.9(1) of the Criminal Code (Cth) and trafficking a controlled drug contrary to s 302.4(1) of the Criminal Code (Cth).
5The maximum penalty for dealing with money reasonably suspected of being proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more is 3 years imprisonment. For trafficking in a controlled drug, the maximum penalty is 10 years imprisonment.
Circumstances of offending
6The circumstances of your offending were comprehensively outlined in the Summary of Prosecution Opening for Plea dated 13 March 2024. I will summarise those circumstances here.
Charge 1 – deal money or property believed to be proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more
7Between 1 September 2021 and 24 November 2021, you, Mr Yeoh, dealt with a total of $153,285 that you believed to be the proceeds of indictable crime.
8You deposited a total of $10,000 into the bank account of Siah Thiam Hock on 1 September 2021 and $5,000 into the bank account of Tony Zdravevski on 15 October 2021.
9On 16 November 2021, you caused your co-accused to deposit $10,000 into the bank account of your trading company, Yue Shen Trading Pty Ltd.
10$78,425 cash was later located at your home on 23 November 2021.
11You further transferred 211,698.30 CNY or approximately $45,860 from the Airwallex account of Yue Shen Trading Pty Ltd to a Chinese bank account on 24 November 2021 and $4,000 from the Airwallex account of Yue Shen Trading Pty Ltd to your wife’s bank account on the same day. All these transactions, together with the cash, form the basis of Charge 1.
Charge 3 – Attempt to possess a commercial quantity of unlawfully imported border-controlled drugs
12Between 16 and 17 September 2021 you, Mr Yeoh, attempted to possess a consignment of 1,527.3g of heroin and between 29 September and 2 December 2021 you attempted to possess a consignment of 4,784.9g of methylamphetamine.
13Consignment 1 contained two boxes and arrived in Australia from Thailand, sent to an address rented through 'G’Day Mailbox' by customer 'Yushi Wu' at Suite 403, Snap Print and Design in Hawthorn. The mailbox service enables customers to receive letters or packages at an address managed by another business such as Snap Print and Design.
14Police intercepted Consignment 1 but you took steps to arrange for Xuetao Ji to collect it from the Hawthorn address and deliver it to an address in Bagaram Drive, Tarneit. You provided Ji with instructions on how to collect the consignment in exchange for $80. You took photos of Ji from across the street as he attempted to collect the package.
15Consignment 2 arrived in Australia from Laos and was addressed to Guan Hao Tan, Suite 1009 at an address in Burke Rd Camberwell. You had rented mailbox 1009 through 'Anytime Mailbox,' a service similar to 'G’Day Mailbox.' You paid for the service with a credit card in the name of Tony Zdravevski and provided an address in Craigieburn and a phone number falsely subscribed in the name 'Shuyun Wang.' The Craigieburn address was your former home address.
16You verified the account holder’s identity with a NSW Driver Licence and Telstra internet bill in the name of Guan Hao Tan. You also provided a Company Registration Certificate for 'Aurorae International Pty Ltd' in order to allow a representative of 'Aurorae' to access the mailbox. The business address of 'Aurorae' is the same Burke Rd Camberwell address as the 'Anytime Mailbox.'
17You must have provided the address to the consignor of Consignment 2 at some stage between 29 September and 2 December 2021. Border Force intercepted the parcel and located the methylamphetamine referred to above.
Summary charge 6 – bring into Victoria prohibited weapon
18On 23 November 2021 police executed a search warrant at your home, Mr Yeoh, and located a gel blaster imitation firearm from Queensland.
19During the search, police also located bank documents, phones, scales, cash counting machines and a notebook containing a list of figures beside which notations indicated 'still owing' and 'paid.'
Charges 4 and 5 – trafficking a controlled drug
20On 23 November 2021, 143.6g of methamphetamine was located in your Mitsubishi Lancer, Mr Yeoh, and that was parked on Mr Tan’s Street. This charge relates to both of you, Charge 4 for you, Mr Yeoh, and Charge 5 for you, Mr Tan. Both of your fingerprints were variously found on the zip lock bags containing the methamphetamine and the grey plastic shopping bags in which they were located.
Charge 2 – Deal with money reasonably suspected of being proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more
21Between 1 September and 21 November 2021, you, Mr Tan, deposited $247,770 cash in various amounts into 9 different bank accounts via some 65 deposits into various ATMs. A further $22,765 was located in your home on 23 November 2021, making a total of $270,535 that was reasonably suspected of being the proceeds of indictable crime.
Objective gravity
22Division 400 proceeds of crime offences cover a range of conduct. Relevant considerations are:
(a) the nature of the actions which constituted dealing,
(b) the period over which the offending occurred,
(c) the number of transactions,
(d) the amount of money involved,
(e) your role in the syndicate, and
(f) the extent of your knowledge that the money is proceeds of crime.
23In both your cases, Charge 1 Mr Yeoh, and Charge 2 Mr Tan, are rolled-up counts, reflecting multiple instances of offending totalling more than $100,000 but less than $1,000,000.
24Mr Yeoh, you are to be sentenced on the basis that you believed the money you dealt with to be the proceeds of crime. This is the most objectively serious state of mind as per the Code. You were higher up in the chain of command than your co-accused. I consider this to be a mid-level example of this offence, you having dealt with a total of just over $150,000 over a protracted period.
25You transferred money offshore after you were interviewed by police, presumably for your own benefit. Most of the money passed through accounts belonging to you or used by you or was in your physical possession.
26Mr Tan, you are to be sentenced on the basis that it is reasonable to believe the money was proceeds of crime. This is the least objectively serious state of mind as per the Code. I nevertheless consider this to be a fairly serious example of the offence, given there were some 65 transactions involving a total of over $270,000.
27Yours was a concerted effort, sometimes depositing cash into multiple bank accounts at the same location or indeed at different shopping centres on the same day, using different cards. You were integral to the greater scheme.
28In relation to Charge 3, attempted possession of commercial quantity of a border- controlled drug, Mr Yeoh, I must consider your role, your position in the drug trafficking/importation hierarchy, the nature and extent of your role in the enterprise, the sophistication of the enterprise and the amount of drugs involved. I note that the weight of the drugs is not to be an overriding factor.
29Your involvement in Charge 3 was at a high level. You arranged for Xuetao Ji to collect Consignment 1 to conceal your own identity. You used false accounts and documentation and monitored Ji from across the street.
30You created the mailbox used in Consignment 2, again to distance yourself from the offending. You used false documentation and credit cards to set up the mailbox.
31While not the principle factor, you attempted to possess over 1.5kg of heroin and over 4.7kg of methylamphetamine. This is a significant amount in relation to each consignment in the rolled-up charge.
32I note in each of your cases, Charge 4 for you Mr Yeoh, and Charge 5 for your Mr Tan, you both handled the 143.6g of methylamphetamine. Mr. Yeoh you were clearly intending to sell the substance while you Mr Tan were transporting the drugs for a small sum in the belief that another person would sell them. Mr Yeoh, you were clearly going to profit from the sale of this drug. Mr Tan, you, to a lesser extent also stood to profit from transporting the drugs.
Pleas of guilty
33It is conceded by the prosecution that in both your cases, your guilty pleas were entered at an early stage in the face of what would have been a lengthy and complex trial. You have both saved the community the time and expense of running a lengthy trial. As such, you have facilitated the administration of justice and you are each entitled to a benefit for the utilitarian value of your plea.
34By your pleas of guilty you have each also demonstrated an acceptance of responsibility for your offending, together with a level of remorse.
35Mr Yeoh, there is little insight into the offending apparent from your psychiatric report, however this is perhaps explicable by your psychiatric condition, to which I will return shortly. You deny memory of the offending to a certain extent.
36Mr Tan, you expressed both remorse and shame to Mr Cummins, whose report I shall return to. You said you accept you did something wrong and feel guilty and embarrassed. You have been too ashamed to tell your parents of your offending.
Sentencing principles
37You are both to be sentenced in accordance with the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth). Pursuant to s 16A(1) of that Act, I am required to impose a sentence that is of a severity appropriate to all of the circumstances of the offence. You must also, pursuant to s 16A(2)(k) both be adequately punished for the offending.
38Section 16A(2) of the Act sets out a list of factors, all of which I have taken into account in passing sentence on each of you.
39Mr Yeoh you face an additional state summary offence for which I have also taken into account the s 5 Sentencing Act 1991 considerations.
Yap Sheng Yeoh - Personal circumstances and psychological assessments
40Mr Yeoh, I turn now to your personal circumstances.
41You are presently 29 years old, having been born in April 1995. You were born in Malaysia and have two younger siblings. Your parents separated when you were 12 and your father has 3 younger children.
42You left your private school at the age of 15 and worked briefly as a hairdresser. You then attended technical school for a year to study graphic design before working as a mechanic.
43At the age of 21 you came to Australia with your mother for her work. She then returned home, and you worked a number of jobs. Most recently you have been employed as a delivery driver.
44You married after meeting your wife at Crown Casino in 2019 while she was on holiday from China. She is an Australian citizen. Your relationship deteriorated following you being charged with these offences in 2021, and you have not seen your wife since 2022.
45You have neither alcohol nor drug addictions, however, your mental health is complex and you were diagnosed with chronic paranoid schizophrenia.
46You have reported hearing voices and having hallucinations since the age of 15. You have had a number of psychiatric admissions to various hospitals since your arrival in Australia and are prescribed a number of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications.
47You have been supported by the Northern and North West Area Mental Health Services and the Northern Hospital. I am told that in the days prior to your plea hearing you made 3 attendances at hospital but left or were discharged without admission on each occasion.
48You were assessed by Dr Alan Jager who has provided 2 reports to the court dated 18 August 2023 and 21 May 2024. He opines that you were developing, but did not have, schizophrenia at the time of the offending. This fits with the deliberate, persistent and fairly sophisticated nature of the offences and the subsequent decline in your mental health.
Yap Sheng Yeoh - Other sentencing factors
49General deterrence is the paramount sentencing consideration in the case of both proceeds of crime and drug trafficking offences. Other people minded to commit offences of the nature and gravity you have done must be deterred from doing so. The courts and the community will not tolerate criminal activity of this kind and it will necessarily result in significant punishment. The only way to militate against financial reward for offending such as this is to impose severe sentences.
50Specific deterrence, while relevant, is tempered by the fact that you have no criminal history and no subsequent matters or outstanding allegations. Your good character is relevant and I take it into account, as I do your good prospects of rehabilitation. You have been compliant with bail conditions and have not committed any further offending since your arrest.
51While Dr Jager finds no causative link between your psychiatric condition and the offending, he does find that you have a negative response to stress and that your illness is more likely than not going to make your time in custody more onerous than it would be for someone without such condition.
52I accept that prison will be more onerous for you than for a prisoner in normal health. Given your stress response, I accept that there is some chance that your condition will in fact worsen in custody.
53I accept that there has been a significant delay in this matter, the offending having occurred between September and November 2021. You have had these charges hanging over you for nearly 3 years. On the other hand, the time has given you the opportunity to demonstrate a substantial period without offending. I take the delay into account in both ways.
54You face the prospect of deportation as a consequence of the sentence I impose. As per Loftus v The Queen [2019] VSCA 24, this is relevant to this sentence in two ways, first as the prospect of deportation renders imprisonment more onerous, and secondly as deportation constitutes an additional punishment because it will deprive you of the opportunity to settle permanently in Australia.
55I take both aspects of your likely deportation into account.
Shee Loon Tan - Personal circumstances and psychological assessments
56Mr. Tan, I turn now to your personal circumstances.
57You were born in Malaysia in July 1982 and are now 42 years old. You came to Australia in 2020 on a three-month tourist visa, knowing no-one.
58Your parents, brother and sister reside in Malaysia. Your siblings are aware of your legal matters, however your parents are not.
59You studied the equivalent of Year 12. You then worked as a mobile phone seller and a factory manager. You have always assisted your family by working in their grocery stores.
60While not the subject of physical or sexual abuse, your father was a strict disciplinarian and often accused you of being useless and stupid.
61On your arrival in Australia, you studied English and worked as a vegetable wholesaler. During the COVID lockdowns you began online work and undertook delivery work for Mr Yeoh, your co-accused. Whilst on bail you have been working at an abattoir and butcher shop in Campbellfield.
62You are single and do not drink to excess but began experimenting with ecstasy while living in Melbourne, usually only on what you deemed 'special occasions.' You report that the people who introduced you to drugs were also selling tobacco and reportedly offered you work as a delivery person.
63When you declined to be involved, they threatened you and your family so you became what you say was an 'errand boy.' Others, including your co-accused Mr Yeoh, showed you photos of people who had lost fingers and hands by way of threat. These threats caused you to maintain your involvement in the enterprise. You believed Mr Yeoh to be employed by someone higher up.
64You were assessed by Mr Jeffrey Cummins. He opines that on the basis of your comments and presentation at interview, it is probable that you suffer from a borderline personality disorder. You are unassertive and perhaps submissive, as well as reporting symptoms of anxiety and depression. You are resigned to serving a jail sentence and then facing deportation.
Shee Loon Tan - Other sentencing factors
65As I have stated in relation to Mr Yeoh, general deterrence is the primary sentencing consideration in relation to offences of criminal proceeds and drug trafficking. Others must be deterred from similar conduct by the sentence I impose and those who profit financially must be discouraged.
66As in Mr Yeoh’s case, I accept that there has been a significant delay in this matter, the offending having occurred between September and November 2021. You have had these charges hanging over you for nearly 3 years. On the other hand, the time has given you the opportunity to demonstrate a sustained period without offending. I take the delay into account in both ways.
67Specific deterrence is relevant, however, you have no prior criminal history nor any subsequent offending. This factor is further mitigated by the passage of time since the offending without your having committed any further offences.
68You have no significant underlying mental health issues and a stable work history. Your prospects of rehabilitation are good.
69Nevertheless, you face the prospect of deportation as a consequence of the sentence I impose. As I stated in relation to Mr Yeoh, this is relevant to the sentence in two ways: first, as the prospect of deportation renders imprisonment more onerous, and secondly, as deportation constitutes an additional punishment because it will deprive you of the opportunity to settle permanently in Australia.
Sentencing submissions
70The prosecutor, Ms Addams, submitted that you, Mr Yeoh, should be sentenced to a significant period of imprisonment involving a head sentence and non-parole period.
71Ms Brown conceded on your behalf that a term of imprisonment is inevitable and focused on the length of that period, together with the appropriate non-parole period.
72In your case, Mr Tan, the prosecution submitted that a sentence of immediate imprisonment and release on a recognisance order was called for.
73Mr Terry submitted on your behalf that a recognisance release order was appropriate but argued that it should see you released forthwith.
74In each of your cases I give weight to totality and cumulation, reflecting the discrete nature of the offences you each have committed but the need for some cumulation between sentences.
75I was helpfully provided with a number of comparative cases by the prosecutor including Ong v R [023] VSCA 116, Goh v R [2022] VSCA 24, Jacques v R [2021] SASCA 94, Stipkovich v R [2018] WASCA 63, Thomas v R [2016] VSCA 237, Tran v R [2020] VSCA 284 and Jung v R [2022] VSCA 68. Some involved pleas of not guilty and some related to either drugs or proceeds charges but not both, however, I note the similarities between these matters and the instant offending.
76Mr Terry, for you Mr Tan, also provided me with some relevant cases, being DPP v Meng [2023] VCC 439, DPP v Bi & Ors [2020] VCC 2103, DPP v Mendoza & Benisi [2014] VCC 418, DPP v Li [2024] VCC 503 and DPP v Pan [2022] VCC 1280, together with a number of cases of non-commercial trafficking. I note the latter did not involve Commonwealth trafficking and so are of limited utility. Again, I have taken the cases into consideration as far as they are relevant.
Principles of parsimony
77Pursuant to s 17A(1) of the Crimes Act1914 (Cth), I can only pass a sentence of imprisonment if, having considered all other available sentences, I am satisfied that no other sentence is appropriate in all the circumstances of the case.
78In each of your cases, I have come to the conclusion that I have no alternative but to impose terms of actual imprisonment and I direct that my reasons for so finding be entered in the records of the court under s 17A(2)(b) of the Crimes Act1914 (Cth).
79Would you both please stand.
Disposition
80Mr Yeoh, first I will deal with the Commonwealth charges.
81On Charge 1, dealing with money or property you believed to be the proceeds of indictable crime, worth $100,000 or more, you are sentenced to 3 years imprisonment.
82On Charge 3, attempt to possess a commercial quantity of unlawfully imported border-controlled drugs, you are sentenced to 6 years imprisonment
83On Charge 4, trafficking a controlled drug, you are sentenced to 18 months imprisonment.
84I turn now to the State charge. On related Summary Charge 6, bringing into Victoria a prohibited weapon without an exemption or approval, you are sentenced to 9 months imprisonment.
85Before I pronounce commencement dates, I indicate that it is my intention to cumulate 6 years of the sentence on Charge 3 and 1 year of the sentence on Charge 4 upon 18 months of the sentence imposed on Charge 1. I do not intend to order any cumulation upon the State charge. It is my intention to achieve a total effective sentence of 8 years 6 months on the Commonwealth charges and a global total effective sentence of 8 years 6 months.
86I direct that the State sentence is to commence today.
87As to the commencement dates of the Commonwealth charges, I direct as follows.
88I direct that the sentence on Commonwealth Charge 1 is to commence today.
89The sentence on Commonwealth Charge 3 is to commence 18 months after the commencement of Charge 1.
90The sentence on Commonwealth Charge 4 is to commence 5 years 6 months after the commencement of the sentence on Charge 3.
91That makes a total effective sentence on the Commonwealth offences of 8 years and 6 months imprisonment.
92As the State and Commonwealth sentences both commence today, the global total effective sentence is also 8 years 6 months.
93I direct that you serve an overall minimum period of 5 years and 6 months imprisonment before becoming eligible for parole in respect of the Commonwealth total effective sentence.
94The purpose of fixing that non-parole period is to allow you the possibility of a period of supervised release into the community to further your rehabilitation.
95If you are released on parole, the balance of your sentence will be served in the community subject to the conditions of your parole. Any such parole order may be amended or revoked. If you fail without reasonable excuse to fulfil the conditions of your parole, your parole may be revoked, and you may be ordered to serve the balance of your sentence in prison.
96Pursuant to s 18(4) of the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic) and s 16E(2) of the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth), I declare that you have served no time by way of pre-sentence detention. I direct that the fact of this declaration and its details be noted in the records of the court.
97I grant the forfeiture orders applied for by the prosecution.
98Pursuant to s 6AAA of the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic) I declare that had you not pleaded guilty the sentence I would have imposed would have been a global total effective sentence of 11 years imprisonment with a non-parole period of 8 years.
99Mr Tan, on Charge 2, dealing with money reasonably suspected of being proceeds of indictable crime worth $100,000 or more, you are sentenced to 12 months imprisonment. This sentence is to commence today.
100On Charge 5, trafficking in a controlled drug, you are sentenced to 18 months imprisonment. This sentence is to commence 6 months after the commencement of the sentence on Charge 2, making a total effective sentence of 2 years.
101Pursuant to s 20(1)(b) of the Crimes Act, I direct that you be released after serving 9 months imprisonment, upon entering into a recognisance release order in the sum of $2,000 to be of good behaviour for a period of 3 years.
102I am required to explain the consequences of this order to you.
103You do not have to pay that amount but if you fail to comply with that order, the consequences are likely to be that you will forfeit $2,000 and more significantly, you will be brought back to be dealt with by the court again. The court will then consider whether you have to serve the remainder of the 2 years imprisonment. That promise runs for 3 years from today.
104Pursuant to s 18(4) of the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic) and s 16E(2) of the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth), I declare that you have served no time by way of pre-sentence detention. I direct that the fact of this declaration and its details be noted in the records of the court.
105I grant the forfeiture order applied for by the prosecution.
106Pursuant to s6AAA of the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic), I declare that had you not pleaded guilty the sentence I would have imposed would have been 4 years imprisonment with a non-parole period of 2 years 6 months.
107Mr Tan, do you agree to enter into that undertaking? That was a yes?
108OFFENDER: Yes.
109HER HONOUR: Thank you. We'll have the documentation prepared in a moment. Do counsel agree with the calculations and the start dates.
110MS ADDAMS: Yes, Your Honour.
111MS BROWN: Yes, Your Honour.
112MR TERRY: Yes, Your Honour.
113HER HONOUR: Thank you. Ms Panozzo, do you have the recognisance release order there. You may approach the dock, Mr Terry, if you wish to assist.
114MR TERRY: Thank you, Your Honour.
115HER HONOUR: You may be seated. Is there anything else from any counsel.
116MS ADDAMS: No, Your Honour, not from us.
117MS BROWN: No, Your Honour.
118MR TERRY: No, Your Honour.
119HER HONOUR: Thank you. You may take Mr Yeoh and Mr Tan out, thank you.
120MR TERRY: Your Honour, could I just briefly approach my client - - -
121HER HONOUR: Yes, sorry, before you do that officer. Yes.
122MR TERRY: Thank you. Thank you, Your Honour.
123HER HONOUR: No worries. You can take them out, thank you. Thank you, Madam Interpreter. And I thank counsel for their assistance with this matter. We'll adjourn the court in just a moment. Sine die.
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