British American Tobacco (Brands) Limited v Contact Privacy Inc. /
WIPO Case No. D2022-2861
•10-10-2022
| ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION CENTER |
ADMINISTRATIVE PANEL DECISION
British American Tobacco (Brands) Limited v. Contact Privacy Inc. /
alejandro garcia, NEOVAPER
Case No. D2022-2861
1. The Parties
The Complainant is British American Tobacco (Brands) Limited, United Kingdom, represented by
Demys Limited, United Kingdom.
The Respondent is Contact Privacy Inc., Canada / alejandro garcia, NEOVAPER, Spain.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The disputed domain name <neovaper.com> is registered with Tucows Inc. (the “Registrar”).
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was filed with the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the “Center”) on August 3, 2022.
On August 3, 2022, the Center transmitted by email to the Registrar a request for registrar verification in connection with the disputed domain name. On August 3 through August 12, 2022, the Registrar transmitted by emails to the Center its verification response disclosing registrant and contact information for the disputed domain name which differed from the named Respondent and contact information in the Complaint. The Center sent an email communication to the Complainant on August 15, 2022, providing the registrant and contact information disclosed by the Registrar, and inviting the Complainant to submit an amendment to the Complaint. The Complainant filed an amended Complaint on August 16, 2022.
The Center verified that the Complaint together with the amended Complaint satisfied the formal
requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Policy” or “UDRP”), the Rules for
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”), and the WIPO Supplemental Rules for
Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Supplemental Rules”).
In accordance with the Rules, paragraphs 2 and 4, the Center formally notified the Respondent of the paragraph 5, the due date for Response was September 11, 2022. The Respondent did not submit any
response. Accordingly, the Center notified the Respondent’s default on September 14, 2022.
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The Center appointed Kiyoshi Tsuru as the sole panelist in this matter on September 23, 2022. The Panel
finds that it was properly constituted. The Panel has submitted the Statement of Acceptance and
Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, as required by the Center to ensure compliance with the
Rules, paragraph 7.
4. Factual Background
The Complainant is a British publicly traded multinational company founded in 1902 that manufactures cigarettes and other tobacco products.
The Complainant operates in 180 countries, employs over 95,000 persons, and in 2021 it reported revenue of around GBP 25 billion.
The Complainant is the owner of several trademark registrations around the world, among others, the following:
| Trademark | No. Registration | Jurisdiction | Date of Registration |
| NEO | 017360322 | European Union | June 27, 2018 |
| NEO | UK00917858291 | United Kingdom | August 7, 2018 |
| NEO | M3685507 | Spain | March 5, 2018 |
The disputed domain name was registered on May 3, 2022. According to the evidence submitted by the
Complainant, which was not refuted by the Respondent, at the time when the Complaint was filed, the
disputed domain name resolved to a website that sold products of third parties, competitive of the
Complainant and its products. Currently, the disputed domain name resolves to an inactive webpage.
5. Parties’ Contentions
A. Complainant
The Complainant argued the following:
I. Identical or Confusingly Similar
That the Complainant is the owner of several trademark registrations for NEO in different jurisdictions, which predate the registration of the disputed domain name.
That the disputed domain name incorporates the Complainant’s trademark in its entirety, with the addition of
the phrase “vaper” which does nothing to distinguish the disputed domain name, but, on the contrary,
increases the likelihood of confusion.
That the addition of the generic Top-Level-Domain (“gTLD”) “.com” to the disputed domain name is required
for technical reasons, which can therefore be ignored for the purpose of comparing the disputed domain
name to the Complainant’s trademark.
That the disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademark in terms of the Policy.
II. Rights or Legitimate Interests
That the Complainant has sought to make a prima facie case to demonstrate that the Respondent does not have rights to or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name.
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That the Complainant has found no evidence that the Respondent has been commonly known as “neo
vaper” or “neo” prior to or after the registration of the disputed domain name.
That the Complainant has found no evidence that the Respondent owns any trademarks incorporating the
terms “neo vaper” or “neo”, nor has the Respondent traded legitimately under the business name “neo
vaper” or “neo”.
That the Respondent is not a licensee of the Complainant and has not received any permission or consent from the Complainant to use its trademark NEO.
That, given the confusing similarity of the disputed domain name to the Complainant’s trademarks, there is
no conceivable use thereof that would confer any legitimate interest to the Respondent.
That the Respondent cannot claim fair use as a reseller or distributor of the Complainant.
That the Respondent has made no demonstrable preparations to use the disputed domain name in connection with a bona fide offering of goods and services in terms of paragraph 4(c)(i) of the Policy.
That the Respondent is using the disputed domain name to impersonate the Complainant or imply endorsement of the Respondent or sponsorship by the Complainant.
That the Respondent did not reply to the communication sent by the Complainant.
That the Respondent is not making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the disputed domain name since the website to which the disputed domain name resolves falsely suggests an affiliation or other commercial connection with the Complainant.
That the Respondent is using the Complainant’s well-known trademark to divert Internet users to its website.
III. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
That it is well established under the Policy that in most circumstances where a respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to its website by creating a likelihood of confusion
with the Complainant’s trademark, is sufficient to find that the disputed domain name was registered and is
being used in bad faith.
That the disputed domain name in and of itself is confusing to Internet users.
That an initial interest confusion is inevitable given that the disputed domain name fully incorporates the
Complainant’s trademark. That, therefore, Internet users would assume that the disputed domain name is
operated by, connected with, or endorsed by the Complainant.
That the Respondent’s website lacks any disclaimers that would dispel the confusion regarding the disputed
domain name and the website associated thereto.
That the Respondent registered the disputed domain name with the intention to mislead Internet users into
believing that it corresponds to a website authorized by the Complainant, which demonstrates that the
Respondent registered and used the disputed domain name in bad faith.
That the disputed domain name is using the website to which it resolves to sell third-party goods unrelated to the Complainant and its products.
That the since the disputed domain name is configured with MX records, the Respondent is capable of sending potentially misleading emails to users.
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That the disputed domain name was registered and is being used in bad faith.
B. Respondent
The Respondent did not reply to the Complainant’s contentions.
6. Discussion and Findings
In accordance with paragraph 4(a) of the Policy, the Complainant is required to prove that each of the three following elements is satisfied:
(i) the disputed domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the
Complainant has rights; and
(ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the disputed domain name; and
(iii) the disputed domain name was registered and is being used in bad faith.
Given the Respondent’s failure to submit a response, the Panel may decide this proceeding based on the
Complainant’s undisputed factual allegations under paragraphs 5(f), 14(a) and 15(a) of the Rules, and shall
draw such inferences it considers appropriate under paragraph 14(b) of the Rules (see Joseph Phelps
Vineyards LLC v. NOLDC, Inc., Alternative Identity, Inc., and Kentech, WIPO Case No. D2006-0292, and
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. v. null John Zuccarini, Country Walk, WIPO Case No. D2002-0487).
A. Identical or Confusingly Similar
The Complainant has filed evidence showing that it owns registrations for the trademark NEO, among other places, in Spain, where the Respondent has declared to reside.
The disputed domain name is confusingly similar to the Complainant’s trademark NEO, as it incorporates
said trademark entirely, with the addition of the term “vaper”.
Generally, panels appointed under the UDRP have found that the inclusion of additional terms in a disputed domain name does not prevent a finding of confusing similarity under the first element (see sections 1.7, and
1.8 of the "WIPO Overview 3.0”). This is so in the present case because the term “vaper” does not prevent
the trademark NEO from being recognizable in the disputed domain name.
The addition of the gTLD “.com” to the disputed domain name is immaterial for purposes of assessing
confusing similarity because it is a technical requirement of the Domain Name System (see CARACOLITO S
SAS v. Nelson Brown, OXM.CO, WIPO Case No. D2020-0268; International Business Machines
Corporation v. chenaibin, WIPO Case No. D2021-0339; and Société Air France v. Registration Private,
Domains By Proxy, LLC, DomainsByProxy.com / Carolina Rodrigues, WIPO Case No. D2019-0578).
Therefore, the first element of the Policy has been met.
B. Rights or Legitimate Interests
Paragraph 4(c) of the Policy sets forth the following examples as circumstances where a respondent may have rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name:
(i) before any notice to the respondent of the dispute, the use by the respondent of, or demonstrable
preparations to use, the disputed domain name or a name corresponding to the domain name in connection
with a bona fide offering of goods or services; or
(ii) the respondent (as an individual, business, or other organization) has been commonly known by the
disputed domain name, even if it did no acquire trademark or service mark rights; or
(iii) the respondent is making a legitimate noncommercial or fair use of the domain name, without intent for
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commercial gain to misleadingly divert consumers or to tarnish the trademark or service mark at issue.
The Complainant has asserted that there is no relationship or affiliation between the Complainant and the
Respondent, that it has not granted any permission or license to the Respondent to use its trademark NEO,
and that the Respondent has not been commonly known by the disputed domain name (see Beyoncé
Knowles v. Sonny Ahuja, WIPO Case No. D2010-1431, and Six Continents Hotels, Inc. v. IQ Management
Corporation, WIPO Case No. D2004-0272). The Respondent did not contest these allegations.
The facts of this case do not pass the Oki Data test. The Respondent used the website to which the
disputed domain name resolved to sell products of third parties that are competitive to the Complainant and
its products, and said website did not display a disclaimer stating that it was not related to the Complainant
(see section 2.8.1 of the WIPO Overview 3.0; see also Oki Data Americas, Inc. v. ASD, Inc., WIPO Case
No. D2001-0903, Philip Morris Products S.A. v. bprapan bpaetaa, WIPO Case No. D2020-3372, and Philip
Morris Products S.A. v. Rohan mubbashir Kahn, WIPO Case No. D2021-1314).
In addition, the Panel notes that the composition of the disputed domain name (with the added term “vaper”)
carries a risk of implied affiliation since Internet users may think that the disputed domain name belongs to the Complainant (see section 2.5.1 of the WIPO Overview 3.0; see also Self-Portrait IP Limited v. Franklin Kelly, WIPO Case No. D2019-0283).
In sum, the Complainant made a prima facie case that the Respondent lacks rights to or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. The Respondent did not submit any evidence or arguments to challenge the
Complainant’s assertions.
In light of the above, the second element of the Policy has been fulfilled.
C. Registered and Used in Bad Faith
According to paragraph 4(b) of the Policy, the following circumstances, in particular but without limitation, shall be evidence of registration and use in bad faith:
(i) circumstances indicating that the respondent has registered or the respondent has acquired the domain name primarily for the purpose of selling, renting, or otherwise transferring the domain name registration to the complainant who is the owner of the trademark or service mark or to a competitor of that complainant, for
valuable consideration in excess of the respondent’s documented out-of-pocket costs directly related to the
domain name; or
(ii) the respondent has registered the domain name in order to prevent the owner of the trademark or service
mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name, provided that the respondent has engaged
in a pattern of such conduct; or
(iii) the respondent has registered the domain name primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business of a
competitor; or
(iv) by using the domain name, the respondent has intentionally attempted to attract, for commercial gain,
Internet users to its website or other online location, by creating a likelihood of confusion with the
complainant’s mark as to the source, sponsorship, affiliation, or endorsement of the respondent’s web site or
location or of a product or service on its web site or location.
The fact that the Respondent chose to register the disputed domain name, which fully incorporates the
Complainant’s trademark NEO, and which has been used to offer for sale products of third parties that are
competitive to the Complainant and its products, suggests that the Respondent knew the Complainant, its
trademark, and its business when registering the disputed domain name, and that the Respondent targeted
the Complainant (see section 3.2.1 of the WIPO Overview 3.0; see also L’Oréal v. Contact Privacy Inc.
Customer 0149511181 / Jerry PeterD2018-1937Gilead Sciences Ireland UC / Gilead v. Qiu Yufeng, Li Lianye
, WIPO Case No. ; , WIPO Case No. D2016-1747).
Sciences, Inc. v. Domain Maybe For Sale c/o Dynadot, WIPO Case No. D2019-0980; Dream Marriage
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These facts also show that the Respondent has intentionally used the disputed domain name to attract, for commercial gain, Internet users to the website to which the disputed domain name resolves by creating the impression that said website is related to, associated with, or endorsed by the Complainant. Such conduct constitutes bad faith under paragraph 4(b)(iv) of the Policy (see section 3.1.4 of the WIPO Overview 3.0;
trivago GmbH v. Whois Agent, Whois Privacy Protection Service, Inc. / Alberto Lopez Fernandez, Alberto
Lopez, WIPO Case No. D2014-0365, and Jupiter Investment Management Group Limited v. N/A, Robert
Johnson, WIPO Case No. D2010-0260).
Additionally, the fact that the disputed domain name currently resolves to an inactive webpage does not prevent a finding of bad faith. Particularly, in the present case the following facts have been found:
- That the Complainant’s trademark NEO refers directly and specifically to the Complainant, which is one of
the largest publicly traded tobacco companies in the world.
- That the disputed domain name incorporates the NEO trademark in its entirety.
- That the Respondent has not filed any evidence or arguments to explain why it registered the disputed
domain name, and why it caused it to divert user traffic to a website where products of third parties
competitive to the Complainant and its products were offered for sale.
These facts lead the Panel to infer that, notwithstanding the current inactivity of the disputed domain name, it is not possible to conceive of any plausible actual or contemplated active use of the disputed domain name by the Respondent that would not be illegitimate under the Policy (see section 3.3 of the WIPO Overview
3.0; see also Telstra Corporation Limited v. Nuclear Marshmallows, WIPO Case No. D2000-0003 and “Dr.
Martens” International Trading GmbH and “Dr. Maertens” Marketing GmbH v. Godaddy.com, Inc., WIPO
Case No. D2017-0246).
Moreover, the fact that the disputed domain name has active mail exchange records shows a potential
situation that could derive in a fraud or a phishing scheme, which would constitute bad faith under the Policy
(see section 3.4 of the WIPO Overview 3.0, see also Wärtsilä Technology Oy Ab v. Newkey Product, WIPO
Case No. D2022-2336: “The Complainant also noted that Mail Exchange records are present on the
disputed domain name which means that it is set up to be used as an email address. Therefore, there is a
risk that the disputed domain name be used for misleading emails.”; Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v.
Registration Private, Domains By Proxy, LLC / Aha Tek, WIPO Case No. D2021-2813; PrideStaff, Inc. v.
Perfect Privacy, LLC / Marcheta Bowlin, Midwest Merchant Services, WIPO Case No. D2021-3165; Marlink
S.A. v. Privacy Service Provided by Withheld for Privacy ehf / Barry Whyte, WIPO Case No. D2021-3878;
Natixis v. Felix Anderson, WIPO Case No. D2021-1934; and Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA v. Domain Admin,
Privacy Protect, LLC (PrivacyProtect.org) / BLACK ROSES, WIPO Case No. D2020-3167).
Therefore, the third element of the Policy has been met.
7. Decision
For the foregoing reasons, in accordance with paragraphs 4(i) of the Policy and 15 of the Rules, the Panel orders that the disputed domain name, <neovaper.com>, be transferred to the Complainant.
/Kiyoshi Tsuru/
Kiyoshi Tsuru
Sole Panelist
Date: October 10, 2022
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