Booderee National Park Management Plan 2015-2025 (Cth)
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
APPROVAL OF THE BOODEREE NATIONAL PARK
MANAGEMENT PLAN 2015-2025
I, JAMIE BRIGGS, Minister for Cities and the Built Environment, acting pursuant to section 370 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, hereby approve the Booderee National Park Management Plan 2015-2025.
Dated this …4... day of …November…, 2015
JAMIE BRIGGS …………………………………
Jamie Briggs
Minister for Cities and the Built Environment
(THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK – INSIDE FRONT COVER)
Booderee
National Park
MANAGEMENT PLAN 2015-2025
© Director of National Parks 2015
ISBN: 978-0-9807460-8-2 (Print)
ISBN: 978-0-9807460-4-4 (Online)
This plan is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Director of National Parks. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to:
Director of National Parks
GPO Box 787
Canberra ACT 2601
This management plan sets out how it is proposed the park will be managed for the next ten years.
A copy of this plan is available online at: environment.gov.au/topics/national-parks/parks-australia/publications.
Photography: June Andersen, Jon Harris, Michael Nelson
Front cover: Ngudjung Mothers by Ms V. E. Brown SNR ©
Ngudjung is the story for my painting.
“It's about Women's Lore; it's about the connection of all things.
It's about the seven sister dreaming, that is a story that governs our land and our universal connection to the dreaming.
It is also about the connection to the ocean where our dreaming stories that come from the ocean life that feeds us, teaches us about survival, amongst the sea life.
It is stories of mammals, whales and dolphins that hold sacred language codes to the universe.
It is about our existence from the first sunrise to present day.
We are caretakers of our mother, the land.
It is in balance with the universe to maintain peace and harmony.
This painting is about us all and tells of the past, present and future.
And it is the story that women have passed on for generations to share.”
Booderee National Park
Booderee National Park is owned by the traditional owners of the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community. Booderee is a Dhurga word meaning ‘bay of plenty’.
Vision
The vision for Booderee National Park is:
to excel in the natural and cultural heritage management of Booderee by acknowledging and utilising traditional, contemporary and scientific expertise.
Key objectives
The key objectives for the management of Booderee National Park are:
to conserve the biodiversity and cultural heritage of the park
to provide for appreciation and quiet enjoyment of the park
to benefit members of the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council.
Park values
There are some attributes of the park which are fundamental to the park’s purpose and significance. These cultural and natural values are summarised in the park values statement (Table 1). Identification and recognition of the park’s values ensures a shared understanding about what is most important about the reserve, and the value statement helps to determine management and planning priorities. If the values are allowed to decline the park’s purpose and significance would be jeopardised.
Table 1:Park values statement
| Booderee National Park –Values Booderee National Park is jointly managed by the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council and the Director of National Parks Walawaani Njindiwan Njin Booderee | Welcome everyone, this is Booderee Booderee National Park is home to the Bhewerre People. Booderee means bay of plenty in the Dhurga language. We are proud to share our culture and country with you as it holds the evidence of our ancestry and with the wind, the water and all life reflected in the past, it is the home and spirit of our people. We are born of the land and have lived off the land forever. We are proud of this ongoing connection - passing on traditional knowledge of natural resources and ancestral and creation stories through each generation. Our people use the bush as a natural classroom for teaching, collecting foods and medicines, learning stories and interpreting indicators of seasonal and climatic change. Booderee National Park is located on the south-east coast of Australia, within the Jervis Bay Territory. It comprises most of the Bhewerre Peninsula on the southern side of Jervis Bay and St Georges Basin and includes part of the waters of Jervis Bay. The park itself covers an area of 6,379 hectares which includes 875 hectares of marine environment and the Booderee Botanic Gardens that stretches across 80 hectares of the park. Booderee National Park lies in the southern portion of the Sydney Basin Bioregion. The park protects coastal dune systems and their associated habitats which are otherwise disturbed or potentially threatened in the bioregion. The area is scientifically valuable as it has not undergone the degradation that similar coastal sites have suffered (such as coastal sites surrounding Sydney). The park and the Botanic Gardens were proclaimed under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Parks Act) as the Jervis Bay National Park and as the Jervis Bay component of the Australian National Botanic Gardens in 1992 and 1991 respectively. In May 2000 the Botanic Gardens were incorporated into the park. The park is deemed to have been declared for the following purposes: · the preservation of the area in its natural condition · the encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, appreciation and enjoyment of the area by the public. In 1998, in recognition of the Aboriginal ownership of the park, the name of the park was amended by proclamation to Booderee National Park. |
| 1. Aboriginal Cultural Values: The park is the traditional home of the Bhewerre people, containing cultural sites, special places and artefacts that are a record of the traditional owners’ ancestry and is a place where traditional skills, knowledge and cultural practices can be passed on to future generations. · The park is home to the Bhewerre People, a place where traditional skills, knowledge and cultural practices can be passed on to future generations. · The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council, through its Vision Statement and goals, supports Wreck Bay Aboriginal People in their aims to become self-sufficient and to determine their future and lifestyle. · The park provides opportunities for Bhewerre People to apply traditional land management knowledge and practices and to support and maintain cultural knowledge. · The park contains cultural sites which demonstrate Aboriginal occupation and use of the land over time include shell middens, rock shelters, burial sites, ceremonial grounds, stone flaking sites, axe grinding grooves and scarred trees, as well as less tangible sites associated with traditional culture, history and practices. |
| 2. Post-Colonial Cultural Values: The park protects a range of historic sites and artefacts that tell the story of the region‘s post colonial history. · The park contains a number of shared heritage sites including the ruins of the Cape St George lighthouse, Christians Minde cemetery, and archaeological evidence of a camp used by survivors of the wreck of the Hive convict ship and gun emplacements and associated infrastructure on Bowen Island. |
| 3. Natural Values: The park protects coastal dune systems, their associated habitats and unique biodiversity which are otherwise disturbed or potentially threatened in the bioregion. · The park protects a number of significant listed species, recognised under the EPBC Act and neighbouring New South Wales legislation, including: - grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) - eastern bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus) - pied oystercatcher (Haematopus longirostris) - swift parrot (Lathamus discolour) - barking owl (Ninox connivens) - grey nurse shark (Carcharias Taurus) - Gould’s petrel (Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera) - albatross and marine turtles · The relatively undisturbed habitat of the park provides habitat for other key species such as the little penguin, sea eagle and powerful owl, and is a type locality for many marine invertebrates. |
| Natural Values - Continued: · The park contains a diverse range of well-preserved coastal plant communities including remnant rainforest, heath communities, woodland and coastal littoral communities. · The park is considered a population reservoir for many species across the wider region, home to a diverse range of fauna, including more than 30 native terrestrial and marine mammal species and around 200 bird species. · The park supports a diverse range of marine habitats including the intertidal zone, extensive areas of seagrass, sandy bottom habitat and subtidal rocky reef, vital for the conservation of marine species in the bioregion. · The living collection of Booderee Botanic Garden contains open ground plantings of some 1,200 taxa, concentrating on species of the coastal regions of south-eastern Australia, including plants and themes of cultural significance to local Aboriginal people. |
| As a result of these values, the park is of great economic, social and research significance to the community and the region. |
| National Listings In 2004, a number of sites in or including the park were listed as places in the Commonwealth Heritage List established under the EPBC Act: · Cape St George Lighthouse Ruins and Curtilage for historical importance to maritime navigation history. · Booderee Botanic Gardens for its importance to the traditional owners who have strong cultural and traditional ties to the area and as an important example of mid-twentieth century botanic gardens established to display native plants. · The wider area of Jervis Bay Territory in recognition of its outstanding landscape features, its diversity of flora, fauna and archaeological sites and its value to past and present communities for recreational activities. |
Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council
Vision StatementWreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council seeks to be a respected equal and valued part of a culturally diverse Australian society. By controlling and managing its own lands and waters, the Community aims to become self sufficient and able to freely determine its future and lifestyle. The Community desires to do this by protecting its interests and values while preserving for future generations, its unique identity, heritage and culture.
To achieve this vision Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council’s Goals are:
· Sole ownership of all lands and waters within the Jervis Bay Territory.
· Sole management of its freehold land and waters, allowing for Community responsibility, empowerment and self determination.
· Sole representation of the Community’s united and democratically agreed interests, at all levels of Government and in all external dealings so as to protect Community and members rights.
· Environmentally sustainable development, to allow a productive economic base for the Community. By managing Booderee as an ongoing park, the Community seeks to protect the land and waters while earning income, creating jobs and achieving financial security.
· Social and cultural development, linked with appropriate cultural training and education, to improve Community empowerment and management, security and wellbeing, while preserving Community value.
· Improved health, housing and living standards, to levels at least comparable with good practice in other Australian communities.
· Recognition and support from the wider Australian community and Government, to achieve these worthwhile and positive goals.
Foreword
We believe visitors and all those connected with Booderee National Park recognise the park as a very important and special part of Australia’s heritage which needs careful management and cooperation between all interested parties. Booderee is home to the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community, it is a national park with considerable cultural and biological significance and it is a valued destination for many visitors.
This management plan has been completed following extensive public input.
A draft management plan was released for public comment on 4 May 2011 which attracted 29 written submissions. These submissions spanned a diversity of interests: Australian, state and local government; industry and user groups; and individuals. The Board of Management considered these submissions when finalising this management plan, and altered aspects of the plan in response to the issues raised.
This second management plan for Booderee National Park will provide essential guidance over the next decade for the management of one of the most popular visitor destinations in the Shoalhaven region, which provides rewarding visitor experiences in natural and cultural settings.
Booderee National Park Board of Management
Members of the Booderee National Park
Board of Management 2015
| Craig Ardler Beverley Ardler Annette Brown Joseph Brown Leon Brown Julie Freeman | Sally Barnes Captain Stephen Hussey Sheryl Klaffer Tony Carter Wendy Hills |
Acknowledgements
The Booderee National Park Board of Management is grateful to the many individuals and organisations that contributed to this management plan. In particular they acknowledge the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council, Parks Australia staff and those who provided information and assistance or submitted comments that contributed to the plan’s development.
Contents
Vision i
Key objectives i
Park Values i
Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council Vision Statement v
Foreword vi
Members of the Booderee National Park viBoard of Management 2008–2013
Acknowledgements vi
A description of Booderee National Park 1
A unique place 2
Location 2
History 5
Local, regional and national significance 5
Natural environment 7
A unique partnership 9
Joint management 9
Key issues for the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community 10
Management plan for Booderee National Park 15
Part 1 – Introduction 16
1. Background 16
1.1 Previous management plan 16
1.2 Planning process 16
1.3 Structure of this management plan 16
1.4 Assessing performance 17
2. Introductory provisions 18
2.1 Short title 18
2.2 Commencement and termination 18
2.3 Interpretation and acronyms 18
2.4 Legislative context 21
2.5 Purpose and content of a management plan 25
2.6 IUCN category 26
2.7 Lease agreement 27
2.8 International agreements 28
Part 2 – How the park will be managed 31
3. IUCN category and zoning 31
3.1 Assigning the park to an IUCN category and zoning 31
4. Joint management 41
4.1 Consulting and making decisions 41
4.2 Community use and occupancy 45
5. Working towards sole management 47
5.1 A roadmap to sole management 47
5.2 Community development, employment and training 48
5.3 Community opportunities for business development 52
6. Looking after culture and country 53
6.1 Protecting and promoting culture and knowledge 55
6.2 Aboriginal sites of significance 56
6.3 Historic sites of heritage significance 59
6.4 Landscape and geology 60
6.5 Marine 63
6.6 Freshwater 65
6.7 Fire 66
6.8 Native species 71
6.9 Living collection of the Botanic Gardens 77
6.10 Introduced species 79
6.11 Climate change 82
6.12 Research and monitoring 83
7. Visitor management and park use 89
7.1 Tourism directions and recreational opportunities 89
7.2 Promotion and marketing 91
7.3 Visitor information, education and interpretation 93
7.4 Visitor safety and management 95
7.5 Camping and accommodation 97
7.6 Walking 99
7.7 Water-based activities 100
7.8 Recreational fishing and collecting activities 102
7.9 Commercial tour activities 104
7.10 Other commercial activities 107
8. Stakeholders and partnerships 109
8.1 Neighbours, stakeholders and partners 109
9. Business management 115
9.1 Capital works and infrastructure 115
9.2 Access and roads 118
9.3 Nursery management 121
9.4 Herbarium management 122
9.5 Essential services 123
9.6 Incident management 126
9.7 Compliance and enforcement 127
9.8 How proposals will be evaluated 129
9.9 Resource use in park operations 130
9.10 Subleases, licences and associated occupancy issues 132
9.11 New activities not otherwise provided for in this plan 133
9.12 Implementation and evaluation 134
Appendices
A Commonwealth Heritage values of Booderee National Park 140
B Provisions of Lease between the Director of National Parks 148and the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council
C Compliance with EPBC Regulations 164
D Key plans and strategies used in the management of the park 170
E Significant species of Booderee National Park 176
Bibliography 181
Maps
1Location of Booderee National Park 3
2Booderee National Park 4
3Management zones at Booderee National Park 38
4Location of the marine component of the nature conservation zone 39
Tables
1Park values statement ii
2Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community timeline and the establishment 12of Booderee National Park
3Description of zones 34
4Types of activities appropriate to zones 36
5Guide to decision-making 44
6Key features of the EPBC Regulations on bioprospecting 87as they concern the park
7Approval of Department of Defence activities 114
8Guidelines for environmental assessment requirements 130
9Performance indicators 136
A description of
Booderee National Park
A unique place
Booderee is home to the Koori people of the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community. It holds the evidence of the traditional owners’ ancestry and with the wind, the water and all life reflected in the past, it is the home and spirit of the Wreck Bay people. Koori people are born of the land and have lived off the land forever.
Booderee National Park is owned by the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council. Inalienable freehold title to the lands and waters of the park (and the then separate botanic gardens) was handed back to the Council in December 1995 under the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986. A Memorandum of Lease between the Director of National Parks and the Council to jointly manage the park was signed in December 1995.
The park is a Commonwealth reserve under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 which replaced the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (the Parks Act). The park was originally declared as Jervis Bay National Park on 27 February 1992 under the Parks Act, for the purposes of conservation and protection of terrestrial and marine wildlife and habitats, recreation, scientific research and education. The park was renamed as Booderee National Park on 29 October 1997 following its declaration as Aboriginal Land on 11 October 1995. The park is jointly managed by the Director and its traditional owners through a Board of Management which has a majority of members nominated by the Council.
Booderee has always been a significant place for Koori people. It has provided sustenance and shelter for Koori people for many hundreds of generations. It is also part of a network of sites, places and landscapes (both on land and in the water) that have helped provide these generations with knowledge and understanding of how to properly manage and live with these lands and waters.
Traditional knowledge of the land and sea, the important places within and the plants, animals, foods and medicines is still being passed through new generations of Koori people at Wreck Bay.
The management and learning is continuing.
Location
Booderee National Park is located on the south-east coast of Australia, within the Jervis Bay Territory. It comprises most of the Bherwerre Peninsula on the southern side of Jervis Bay and St Georges Basin and includes part of the waters of Jervis Bay (Map 1).
The park itself covers an area of 6,379 hectares which includes 875 hectares of marine environment (Map 2). The park is adjacent to 403 hectares of land owned by the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council and to Commonwealth land used for residential and Defence purposes; the NSW Jervis Bay Marine Park and NSW Jervis Bay National Park also border much of the park.
Map 1: Location of Booderee National Park
Map 2: Booderee National Park
History
Koori people of Wreck Bay have always strongly pursued and been committed to the recognition of ownership of their traditional home in the Jervis Bay area. This commitment and pursuit of recognition have not wavered and have persevered through a number of changes to government administration and management of the area.
Aboriginal people lived in the Jervis Bay region long before the sea rose to its current level 6,000 years ago and the present Bherwerre Peninsula was created. Much evidence of coastal Aboriginal communities would have been submerged as sea levels rose; the oldest archaeological evidence of Aboriginal occupation in the region includes a site at Burrill Lake, about 30 kilometres south of Jervis Bay, dating to more than 20,000 years ago. More than 100 prehistoric Aboriginal sites have been recorded on the Bherwerre Peninsula, the majority shell middens but also rock shelters, burial sites, ceremonial grounds and stone-flaking sites. Axe-sharpening tools have also been found.
The land and waters now covered by Booderee National Park has been the subject of a range of uses since European settlement began in the region in the early 1800s. The first management plan for the park contained a summary of the area’s diverse European history which has included farming, forestry, tourism, Defence activities and the proposed development of a nuclear reactor, as well as nature conservation.
The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community history and the processes leading to the establishment of Booderee National Park are outlined in Table 2. Following declaration of the Jervis Bay National Park by the Australian Government in 1992, title to the land and water covered by the park was conferred on the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council in 1995, provided the area was leased back to the Director of National Parks to be managed as a national park.
In 1997, in line with provisions of the Lease, the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council chose Booderee National Park as the new name for the park. 'Booderee' is an Aboriginal word from the Dhurga language meaning 'bay of plenty'.
Local, regional and national significance
Booderee’s significance is attributable to its rich natural and cultural heritage, the inclusion of both land and seascapes within a single protected area and its location.
How Booderee is significant locally
Booderee is home to the people of Wreck Bay. Koori people have always lived in the area and have strong cultural ties. These ties are evidenced today in oral cultural history, the knowledge and practice of the use of natural resources for food, for making of utensils and crafts, and in respect for country. Koori people of Wreck Bay are proud of their association with the area and have passed on the ancestral stories and creation stories throughout time. Parents recite such stories today to their children.
Many people from the local non-Aboriginal community also value Booderee as a place for recreation and a place where they can appreciate and learn about the park’s natural and cultural heritage. Some of the features used by local visitors include the best surf beaches in the region, excellent diving, snorkelling and kayaking opportunities, seasonal whale watching, regulated recreational fishing and great educational activities.
How Booderee is significant regionally
Booderee National Park lies in the southern portion of the Sydney Basin Bioregion. The park protects coastal dune systems and their associated habitats which are otherwise disturbed or potentially threatened in the bioregion. The area is scientifically valuable as it has not undergone the degradation that similar coastal sites (such as those surrounding Sydney) have suffered and Jervis Bay is registered as a type locality for many marine invertebrates and algal habitats.
Jervis Bay supports a resident population of dolphins and the seasonal whale migration is an increasingly common feature as whale numbers recover. The preservation of a southern representative of the sandstone ecosystems of the Sydney Basin Bioregion is highly important as a contribution to the regional conservation of species and landscapes.
The area of the park has long been a popular destination for visitors. Christian’s Minde guest house on Sussex Inlet provided the first tourist accommodation in the area in 1896. Since then, the park has become a major tourist destination attracting over 450,000 visitors each year and making a significant contribution to the regional economy. Booderee also makes an important contribution to cooperative efforts to conserve the landscape of the Jervis Bay region. The conservation and enhancement of natural corridors in the wider region is important to the ongoing conservation of the park’s fauna and flora.
How Booderee is significant nationally
Jervis Bay is an important biogeographic area in Australia which contains a variety of relatively undisturbed marine and terrestrial habitats within a bioregion which is generally becoming highly urbanised. Booderee National Park protects a significantly large area of species-rich heath, a diversity of wetlands and saltmarshes. The park also protects one of the largest Posidonia seagrass meadows along the New South Wales coast, and unique algal communities of high conservation value. Lying between bioregions, the park’s marine diversity is exceptional. Jervis Bay is highly productive, driven by upwelling off the nearby continental shelf. This supports exceptionally large populations of baitfish and associated predators. The large breeding colony of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) on Bowen Island is one of the most significant in Australia, with exceptionally high breeding success and intact breeding habitat. The Jervis Bay area, particularly the area of the park, is an outstanding scenic location.
A number of plant and animal species which occur in Booderee have significant conservation status and warrant special protection because they are at the edge of their range, have limited distribution or are considered rare or threatened. The park is a major stronghold for the nationally endangered eastern bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus), and a substantial number of other fauna species are listed on New South Wales and Australian Government threatened species schedules or are subject to international treaties. Syzygium paniculatum and Cryptostylis hunteriana are the only known naturally occurring plant species in the park that are nationally threatened. The striking Grevillea macleayana is a naturally occurring endemic species, restricted to the Jervis Bay region. Four other plant species are considered rare nationally and the status of another is too poorly known to classify. Management prescriptions in this plan reflect the conservation requirements of these species.
The management arrangements in the park between the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council and Parks Australia are increasingly being recognised for their significance as an effective example of joint management. The area is one of the few places in south-eastern Australia where recent and contemporary Koori lifestyles have continued in the setting of a substantially natural environment. The opportunities to educate visitors about the region’s Koori culture are among Booderee’s most important assets. The traditional owners have extensive experience in cultural interpretation and pride themselves on providing a quality and informative experience.
Natural environment
Geology
The underlying rock of the Bherwerre Peninsula is Permian sandstone of the southern Sydney Basin (about 260 million years old), while in a few small areas there is evidence of a Tertiary or older landscape (more than two million years old) which overlaid the Permian rocks. During the last ice age (20,000–15,000 years ago) the sea level was about 120 metres lower than it is now and the coastline was about 20 kilometres further east, near the edge of the continental shelf. Jervis Bay was then an open, vegetated valley more than 90 metres above sea level. The landscape as we know it, with its present coastline, dates from the stabilisation of the sea level about 6,000 years ago. Most of the surface of the Bherwerre Peninsula and Bowen Island is Quaternary sediments—sand dunes, swamp deposits and alluvium—younger than 10,000 years overlying the Permian sandstone.
Climate
Being coastal, temperature extremes are rare at Jervis Bay. Maximum temperatures range from an average of 24ºC in February to 16ºC in July, while average minimum temperatures range from 18ºC to 9.5ºC. Annual rainfall is approximately 1,200 millimetres which is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year although there is usually more rain in winter and less in spring. The prevailing winds in summer are north-easterly, while the main winter winds are from the south-west, but a clear daily cycle in wind patterns is superimposed on the seasonal changes.
Flora
The park contains a diverse range of well-preserved coastal plant communities including remnant rainforest, heath communities, woodland and coastal littoral communities; some 625 naturally occurring terrestrial plant species have been recorded. Jervis Bay also has some of the largest and most pristine seagrass meadows on the NSW coast. Seagrass meadows affect physical and chemical processes and play major roles in the biology of coastal ecosystems.
Fauna
Booderee is home to more than 30 native terrestrial and marine mammal species. There is also a diverse bird fauna with some 200 species recorded. In addition to some 35 terrestrial reptile species, four marine turtle species and one sea-snake species have been recorded. There are also 17 amphibian species. At least 308 fish and marine macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded during shallow water surveys in Jervis Bay. The bay’s macrobenthic fauna encompasses more than 500 species, including more than 150 polychaete species, 190 molluscs and 180 crustaceans.
Living collection
The living collection of the Booderee Botanic Gardens contains open ground plantings of some 1,200 taxa, which are cultivated and displayed to facilitate the study, conservation, promotion and enjoyment of Australia’s plant heritage, concentrating on species of the coastal regions of south-eastern Australia. Since the 1980s, the Botanic Gardens has been increasingly involved in ex-situ conservation of threatened species. More recent is the promotion of the Botanic Gardens as a centre for interpreting the cultural use of plants.
Heritage listings
In 2004 a number of sites in or including the park were listed as places in the Commonwealth Heritage List established under the EPBC Act:
Cape St George Lighthouse Ruins and Curtilage for historical importance to maritime navigation history.
Booderee Botanic Gardens for its importance to the traditional owners who have strong cultural and traditional ties to the area and as an important example of mid-twentieth century botanic gardens established to display native plants.
The wider area of Jervis Bay Territory in recognition of its outstanding landscape features, its diversity of flora, fauna and archaeological sites and its value to past and present communities for recreational activities.
Appendix A lists the Commonwealth Heritage values of these places.
Two other sites in the Jervis Bay Territory adjacent to but outside the park are also included on the Commonwealth Heritage List—Christians Minde Settlement and the Royal Australian Naval College.
All the above sites, together with Bowen Island, the former Jervis Bay Nature Reserve and land owned by the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council are listed on the Register of the National Estate. The register was frozen in February 2007 which means that no new places can be added or removed; it will continue to be a statutory register until February 2012 but has been replaced by other heritage lists under the EPBC Act.
A unique partnership
Joint management
The Wreck Bay people are the long-term custodians of the area. It is in our interest that the Wreck Bay people are involved in the management of the park. The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community will ensure that important values, customs and beliefs will be maintained, promoted and enhanced at Booderee.
The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council’s interests in Booderee are morally, ethically and legally reflected in the Council vision, the Lease, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986 (Land Grant Act).
The EPBC Act and Land Grant Act provide for traditional use of the land in the park for hunting, food gathering, ceremonial and religious purposes. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (EPBC Regulations) permit the Director of National Parks to make areas of the park available for use by the traditional owners. Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council members are committed to promoting their traditional skills and knowledge in the workplace and to park visitors.
The Lease agreement (Appendix B) places obligations on the Director of National Parks to manage the park and to promote the interests of the traditional owners. The EPBC Act, Land Grant Act and the Lease set out the terms and conditions governing joint management, and the Lease provides for payment to the Council of annual rent and a proportion of income generated by the park. The Lease covers a period of 99 years and requires the Director to discuss possible variations with the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council every five years.
The Director of National Parks is a Commonwealth statutory authority under the EPBC Act. The Director’s main functions are to administer, manage and control Commonwealth reserves, including Booderee. The Director is responsible for controlling activities in Commonwealth reserves, for example by issuing permits and making determinations under the EPBC Regulations.
The Booderee Board of Management (the Board), with a majority of representatives of the traditional owners, makes decisions relating to the management of the park and, in conjunction with the Director of National Parks, prepares the management plan. Other Board members are the Director of National Parks; a representative of the Australian Government department responsible for Jervis Bay Territory; a scientist familiar with the conservation values of the Jervis Bay region; the Commanding Officer of HMAS Creswell which is located in the Jervis Bay Territory; and a tourism representative familiar with the Jervis Bay region.
The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council concerns are wider than park management and extend into community development, housing and other social issues. Although these are not directly the responsibility of the Director of National Parks, these issues and how the Council deals with them have an impact on the joint management arrangements and the success of joint management. The Council’s focus on park issues often relates to its aim of achieving outcomes that enhance the sound and economic development of the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community.
The implementation of joint management at Booderee continues to evolve. The joint management structure is set out in the EPBC Act. The Act sets out the establishment of the Board and the basic philosophy of the working relationship between the Australian Government and the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council. The success of the arrangements depends on a number of things, including implementation of this second management plan for Booderee which reflects the objectives and provisions of the Lease and the aspirations of the Wreck Bay people; further development of a shared decision-making relationship; and the increasing involvement of the Wreck Bay people in the management of the park.
The primary function of this management plan is to provide for the protection and conservation of the reserve. This plan clarifies management arrangements, provides for increased Community involvement in managing Booderee and sets out how Booderee will be managed for biodiversity conservation.
Key issues for the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community
Sole management
The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community is working towards sole management of Booderee National Park. The requirements of the Lease support progress towards this goal. The Director is providing training and employment opportunities for Community members, which are enhancing the Community’s opportunities to manage the park.
Maintaining Australian Government commitments
As part of the negotiations for joint management in 1995, the Australian Government made a number of funding and other commitments to the Community. Those commitments were made on the basis that the joint management arrangements for the park follow the model established for Uluru–Kata Tjuta National Park, namely grant of a 99-year lease in return for payment by the Australian Government of annual rent and a 25 per cent share of park income. That is the model under which Booderee has been jointly managed.
A particular commitment was to fund the design and construction of a cultural/visitors centre to be owned/operated by the Council, comparable to those at Uluru–Kata Tjuta and Kakadu National Parks and to be operable by the 2000 Olympics. At the time of preparing this plan, the design and construction of a new centre had not commenced. The Community is still endeavouring to ensure the Australian Government honours this commitment.
Contracts and employment
The Lease requires the Director, subject to the management plan, to:
contract the Council’s services and engage as many Community members as is practicable to provide services in and in relation to the park
encourage appropriate business and commercial initiatives and enterprises by the Council and Community members within the park.
At the time of preparing this plan, about half the park staff are Community members. In addition, Community members are employed in the park through contracts for management of the entry station, road maintenance, horticultural maintenance and cleaning.
The Community is keen to gain further contracts, which the Director supports. In line with the Lease, the Director will engage businesses owned by traditional owners and/or their associations to provide contract services in the park and work towards contracting out management of the visitor centre and the botanic gardens, consistent with relevant Australian Government purchasing procedures.
Budget
The Community is keen to increase revenue from and increase business opportunities in the park. Taking account of the requirements of the EPBC Act and the Lease, the Director, in conjunction with the Board, will consider and pursue new activities for the park that have potential to supplement the park’s annual budget. The Director will work collaboratively with the Community to develop strategies for sustainable business development and growing business which employs Community members.
Commercial opportunities
In 1999 the Community established Wreck Bay Enterprises Limited, a commercial company responsible for undertaking contracts awarded to the Council. The company operated for over ten years and provided services for the park including operation of the entry station, cleaning and road maintenance. The company was disbanded at the end of 2010 and its functions are now undertaken by the Council. The engagement of the Council for providing certain services to the park is seen as a means of developing new Community business opportunities and securing further contracts, both in and outside the park, creating more employment opportunities for Community members.
Training
The commitments made to the Community by the Australian Government as part of the negotiations regarding joint management included support for training Community members in park management and other forms of land management. In particular the Lease requires the Director to establish and implement a program for training reasonable numbers of the Community in skills relevant to the administration, management and control of the park. This is recognised as a critical part of progress towards the Community’s sole management vision. A training officer is employed in the park with a primary role of developing and implementing the training strategy for the park and Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council. The training officer is assisted by the Training Committee, made up of senior representatives of Parks Australia, and the Council. The Director will continue to initiate training opportunities for members of the Community through implementation of the Training Strategy.
Lease
The Lease provides for discussion between the Director and the Council about possible variations to the lease every five years. An existing management plan cannot be amended other than by a new plan. Therefore, if changes arising from review of the Lease require any change to the management plan, a new management plan incorporating the changes will be required.
Water
Fresh water for use in the Territory is extracted from the only natural exposed water table lake in the park, Lake Windermere. The lake has a restricted catchment, is shallow and subject to significant loss through evaporation, and is subject to changes in the water table. As such, lake levels vary greatly and reduced significantly prior to the preparation of this plan. Water conservation principles will continue to be applied to all water use in the park. As opportunities arise, facilities which use less water will replace existing facilities, particularly where water use is greatest. Water use efficiency will be considered when planning new buildings and horticultural infrastructure.
Table 2:Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community timeline and the establishment of Booderee National Park
Always….Koori people have always used Bherwerre because of its rich diversity. It has always been a place of great significance to our people because of its unique location and its abundance of foods and medicines. It has provided us with an area where we can continue to pass on our traditional knowledge.
Early 1800s Europeans are given estates on the South Coast of New South Wales which starts the dispossession of land from the local Aboriginal people.
1830–1840Local Aboriginal people are listed in the record for distribution of blankets and rations.
1880sAboriginal reserves are established on the South Coast due to the dispossession of traditional lands.
1912Royal Australian Naval College is established at Jervis Bay.
1915Commonwealth acquires the Bherwerre Peninsula, which becomes a part of the Australian Capital Territory. Efforts are made at that stage to relocate the Aboriginal Community at Wreck Bay.
1924First school is built at Wreck Bay.
1925New South Wales Aboriginal Protection Board accepts the Australian Government offer to administer the Wreck Bay ‘reserve’ under the provision of the Aboriginal Protection Act 1909 (NSW). First manager is appointed.
1929–1949Fish Protection Ordinance 1929–1949 has a provision that excludes Aboriginal residents of Jervis Bay Territory from paying fishing licence fees. Aboriginal initiative to establish a fishing industry in the region.
1940Aboriginal Protection Act 1940 reflects shift from protectionism to assimilation policies in New South Wales. Aboriginal people are issued with ‘dog tags’. Cultural expression continues to be outlawed to fit in with the assimilation policy of the day.
1954Wreck Bay Reserve is gazetted under the provisions of the Aborigines Welfare Ordinance 1954 (ACT). Provisions of the Aborigines Protection Act 1940 (NSW) no longer apply.
1965Aborigines Welfare Ordinance 1954 (ACT) is repealed, thus effecting the transfer of the ‘reserve’ from the Aborigines Welfare Board to the Commonwealth Department of Interior. At the same time, the reserve is abolished and declared an ‘open village’. Assimilation policy of the day brings about attempts to house non-Aboriginals at Wreck Bay, which the Community opposes. Efforts are again made to relocate the Community once again. Wreck Bay School is moved to Jervis Bay.
1965–1966 Wreck Bay Progress Association is formed to counter the open village status and to secure land tenure, thus securing the Community’s future.
1971 Proclamation under the Public Parks Ordinance 1928 (ACT) of the Jervis Bay Nature Reserve over the majority of the Jervis Bay Territory includes the non-residential land of the reserve.
1973–1974The Wreck Bay Housing Company and the Wreck Bay Women's Committee are formed. Land rights issues are the main subject for discussion between the Community and the Commonwealth Government.
1979Blockade of the Summercloud Bay Road prevents the general public’s access to the Summercloud Bay day visitor area. This action is taken as a result of the land ownership issue.
1985Announcement by the Prime Minister of plans to transfer the Fleet Base and Armaments Depot to Jervis Bay. The Wreck Bay people oppose this decision because of the impact on the cultural and natural environment of the region. The land rights movement accelerates.
1986 The Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986 is enacted. The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community secures tenure of 403 hectares of land via the Land Grant Act and the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council is established.
1992The Jervis Bay Nature Reserve, additional Commonwealth lands and the waters of the Jervis Bay Territory are proclaimed as the Jervis Bay National Park under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Parks Act). The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community is offered two positions on a Board of Management of the newly declared park. The offer is rejected.
1993Commonwealth Government announces that the Armaments Depot will be built in Victoria. The Native Title Act 1993 is enacted.
1994The Commonwealth Government Ministers for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs and the Environment announce their intention to make a land grant of the Jervis Bay National Park to the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community. Amendments to the Land Grant Act and the Parks Act are introduced to facilitate the land grant.
1995Amendments pass both houses of Parliament and the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council is granted freehold title to Jervis Bay National Park and the Jervis Bay annex of the Australian National Botanic Gardens. Park and gardens are leased back to the Director of National Parks.
1996The Jervis Bay National Park Board of Management is established with a majority of Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community representatives. For the first time the Wreck Bay people have a real say on how traditional lands are managed.
1997The Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council lodges a land claim for the remaining areas in the Jervis Bay Territory, which are not Aboriginal land.
1997To reflect Aboriginal ownership the name Jervis Bay National Park is changed to Booderee National Park.
1999Wreck Bay Enterprises Limited is established.
2000 Interdepartmental Committee is established to look at a number of issues in Jervis Bay Territory including the Wreck Bay land claim.
2000 Booderee Botanic Gardens are legally incorporated into Booderee National Park in May 2000.
2000 Parks Act is replaced by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 in July 2000.
2002First plan of management is produced for Booderee National Park.
2003 Wreck Bay enters into a Service Agreement with the Director of National Parks, marking the first step towards the sole management vision.
2008Implementation of the first management plan is completed and reported to the Board of Management through an audit.
2008 Draft Cultural Heritage Strategy is completed for the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council and a working group established by the Community to identify cultural heritage priorities for the next ten years.
2009 Second phase of outsourcing commences. Discussion begins about developing an Aboriginal business enterprise in the park focusing on cultural heritage.
2009Formation of a Junior Ranger program as a joint Wreck Bay/Booderee National Park initiative.
Management Plan for
Booderee National Park
Part 1 – Introduction
Background
This part of the plan sets out the context in which this second management plan for Booderee National Park was prepared. It describes the previous plan and the network of legislative requirements, international agreements and the Lease which underpin the content of the plan.
1.1 Previous management plan
This is the second management plan for Booderee National Park. The first plan came into operation in 2002 and ceased to have effect on 3 April 2009. Section 357 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) allows the Director to manage a Commonwealth reserve following the expiration of a management plan in accordance with the IUCN management principles for the IUCN category to which the reserve was assigned under an expired management plan.
In August 2008, the Booderee National Park Board of Management resolved to use the first management plan as a guide for developing the second plan.
1.2 Planning process
Section 366 of the EPBC Act requires that the Director of National Parks and the Board of Management (if any) for a Commonwealth reserve prepare management plans for the reserve. In addition to seeking comments from members of the public, the relevant land council and the relevant state or territory government, the Director and the board are required to take into account the interests of the traditional owners of land in the reserve and of any other Indigenous persons interested in the reserve.
Other stakeholders consulted during the preparation of this management plan included Australian Government agencies (Defence, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development); NSW agencies (National Parks and Wildlife Service, Marine Parks Authority, Fisheries); Shoalhaven City Council; and regional tourism bodies.
1.3 Structure of this management plan
The outcomes in the plan are developed against the following key result areas reflected in the Strategic Planning and Performance Assessment Framework:
Natural heritage management (see Section 6 of the plan)
Cultural heritage management (see Section 6)
Joint management and working with Indigenous communities
(see Section 4 and 5)Use and appreciation of protected areas (see Section 7)
Stakeholders and partnerships (see Section 8)
Business management (see Section 9)
1.4 Assessing performance
Management plans for reserves managed by Parks Australia operate in the context of both wider strategic plans and work plans for individuals involved in delivering management plan prescriptions. During the life of the first management plan, Booderee National Park developed a planning and implementation system which included works programs based on plan prescriptions and recording of effort against those prescriptions. The planning component of the system allowed for the preparation of annual implementation plans that prioritised prescriptions and assigned projects to individual staff and work teams. These work plans were in turn attached to individuals’ performance development plans.
Towards the end of the first plan, a technical audit of the plan’s implementation was made using this planning and implementation system. Actions taken against each prescription in the plan were audited to see how those actions had contributed to achieving the plan’s specified aims. This was done through data analysis or expert opinion. Status and trend (stable, positive or negative) were assessed for each of the values specified in management plan aims, to assist with understanding the current state of these values and with prioritising future management activities.
The Booderee National Park Board of Management has endorsed this approach and has resolved that annual reports on the status and trend of key issues would assist them to redirect management efforts over the life of the plan. This is an important adaptive management process.
Sections 3 to 9 of this plan begin with a summary of performance under the first plan, as a baseline for defining future management activities. Measures are also identified for assessing performance under this second plan against the key result areas and reporting to the Board.
Introductory provisions
2.1 Short title
This management plan should be cited as the Booderee National Park Management Plan or the Booderee Management Plan.
2.2 Commencement and termination
This management plan will come into operation following approval by the Minister under s.370 of the EPBC Act, on a date specified by the Minister or the date it is registered under the Legislative Instruments Act 2003, and will cease to have effect ten years after commencement, unless revoked sooner or replaced with a new plan.
2.3 Interpretation and acronyms
In this management plan:
Aboriginal means a person who is a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia
Aboriginal tradition means the body of traditions, observances, customs and beliefs of Aboriginals generally or of a particular group of Aboriginals and includes those traditions, observances, customs and beliefs as applied in relation to particular persons, sites, areas of Booderee National Park, things and relationships
Australian Government means the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia
Board of Management (or Park Board or Board) means the Booderee National Park Board of Management established under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 (Parks Act) and continued under the EPBC Act by the Environmental Reform (Consequential Provisions) Act 1999
Booderee Botanic Gardens (or Botanic Gardens) means that part of Booderee National Park formerly part of the Australian National Botanic Gardens and included in Booderee National Park by proclamation on 25 May 2000
Booderee National Park (or Booderee or Park) means the area declared as Jervis Bay National Park under the Parks Act, later renamed as Booderee National Park under the Parks Act and continued as a Commonwealth reserve under the EPBC Act by the Environmental Reform (Consequential Provisions) Act 1999
Commonwealth reserve means a reserve declared under Division 4 of Part 15 of the EPBC Act
Community means the community known as the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community
Council means the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council established and constituted by the Land Grant Act
Defence means the Department of Defence and includes all agencies that comprise the Australian Defence Organisation
Director means the Director of National Parks under s.514A of the EPBC Act and includes Parks Australia and any person to whom the Director has delegated powers and functions under the EPBC Act in relation to Booderee National Park, and including any agency that succeeds to the functions of the Director
EPBC Act means the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and includes reference to any Act amending, repealing or replacing the EPBC Act
EPBC Regulations means the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 and includes reference to any Regulations amending, repealing or replacing the EPBC Regulations
Jervis Bay Territory Administration (or Administration) means that part of the Australian Government agency with responsibility for administration of the Jervis Bay Territory. At the time of preparing the plan, that agency was the Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development.
Koori means Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australia
Land Grant Act means the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986
Lease means the Memorandum of Lease between the Council and the Director, unless otherwise stated
Mining operations means mining operations as defined by the EPBC Act
Minister means the Minister administering the EPBC Act
Parks Act means the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975 and the Regulations under that Act
Parks Australia means the Director of National Parks and the agency that assists the Director in performing the Director’s functions under the EPBC Act. At the time of preparing the plan, the agency assisting the Director is the Parks Australia Division of the Australian Government Department of the Environment
Personal watercraft means a power-driven vessel that:
(a)has a fully enclosed hull; and
(b)does not retain water taken on if it capsizes; and
(c)is designed to be operated by a person standing, sitting astride or kneeling on the vessel but not seated within the vessel and includes a jet ski
Reserve management principles means the Australian IUCN reserve management principles set out in Schedule 8 of the EPBC Regulations (see Appendix C)
Ride means to ride a non-motorised vehicle such as a pedal-powered bicycle.
Territory means the Jervis Bay Territory
Track for walking or riding means a track for walking or riding that has been provided by the Director in accordance with EPBC subregulation 12.55(2).
Traditional Aboriginal owners (or traditional owners) means those members of the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council whose names are recorded on the Council Register as being members of the Council
Traditional use and traditional activity mean a use or activity undertaken in accordance with Aboriginal tradition
Vehicle access road means a road in a Commonwealth reserve that:
(a)is a sealed road; and
(b)does not have a sign displayed on or near it indicating that it is prohibited to use motor vehicles on the road at that time.
Vehicle access track means a road in a Commonwealth reserve that:
(a)is an unsealed road; and
(b)has a sign, erected by the Director, with the words ‘Vehicle Access Track’ displayed at the point or points that motor vehicles would normally access the track; and
(c)there are no signs displayed on the track indicating that it is prohibited to use motor vehicles on the track at that time.
Acronyms
ACT Australian Capital Territory
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
JBT Jervis Bay Territory
NSW New South Wales
Scuba Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
2.4 Legislative context
The Lease
All of the land in the park, including the seabed of Jervis Bay within the park, is Aboriginal land under the Land Grant Act with title held by Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council. The Council has leased the land to the Director in accordance with the Land Grant Act for the purposes of being managed as a Commonwealth reserve.
EPBC Act
Objects of the Act
The objects of the EPBC Act as set out in Part 1 of the Act are:
(a)to provide for the protection of the environment, especially those aspects of the environment that are matters of national environmental significance; and
(b)to promote ecologically sustainable development through the conservation and ecologically sustainable use of natural resources; and
(c)to promote the conservation of biodiversity; and
(ca)to provide for the protection and conservation of heritage; and
(d)to promote a co-operative approach to the protection and management of the environment involving governments, the community, land-holders and Indigenous peoples; and
(e)to assist in the co-operative implementation of Australia’s international environmental responsibilities; and
(f)to recognise the role of Indigenous people in the conservation and ecologically sustainable use of Australia’s biodiversity; and
(g)to promote the use of Indigenous people’s knowledge of biodiversity with the involvement of, and in cooperation with, the owners of the knowledge.
Establishment of the park
The park and the then separate Botanic Gardens were proclaimed under the Parks Act as the Jervis Bay National Park and as the Jervis Bay component of the Australian National Botanic Gardens in 1992 and 1991 respectively. In May 2000 the Botanic Gardens were removed from the Australian National Botanic Gardens and added to Booderee National Park by proclamation. The Parks Act was replaced by the EPBC Act in July 2000. The park continues as a Commonwealth reserve under the EPBC Act pursuant to the Environmental Reform (Consequential Provisions) Act 1999, which deems the park to have been declared for the following purposes:
the preservation of the area in its natural condition
the encouragement and regulation of the appropriate use, appreciation and enjoyment of the area by the public.
In 1998, in accordance with provisions of the Lease, the name of the park was amended by proclamation under the Parks Act to Booderee National Park.
Director of National Parks
The Director of National Parks is a corporation under the s.514A of the EPBC Act. The corporation is controlled by the person appointed by the Governor-General to the office that is also called the Director of National Parks (s.514F).
The functions of the Director (s.514B) include the administration, management and control of the park. The Director generally has power to do all things necessary or convenient for performing the Director’s functions (s.514C). The Director has a number of specified powers under the EPBC Act and EPBC Regulations, including to prohibit or control some activities, and to issue permits for activities that are otherwise prohibited. The Director performs functions and exercises powers in accordance with this plan and decisions of the Board of Management, consistent with the plan.
Booderee National Park Board of Management
The Booderee National Park Board of Management was established (as the Jervis Bay National Park Board of Management) under the Parks Act and continues under the EPBC Act. A majority of Board members must be Indigenous persons nominated by the traditional owners of land in the park. The functions of the Board under s.376 of the EPBC Act are:
to make decisions relating to the management of the park that are consistent with the management plan in operation for the park; and
in conjunction with the Director, to:
- prepare management plans for the park; and
- monitor the management of the park; and
- advise the Minister on all aspects of the future development of the park.
Board sub-committees
At the time of preparing the plan, there were two Board sub-committees to assist the Board in making decisions:
Steering Committee for Interpretation, Education and Information – established to provide advice and guidance to the Board on strategic planning, specific projects and policy matters relating to education, interpretation and information.
Booderee National Park Training Committee - established to provide advice and guidance to the Board on training priorities and to implement the Training Strategy.
These committees are created and operate under terms of reference determined by the Board.
Management plans
The EPBC Act requires the Board, in conjunction with the Director, to prepare management plans for the park. When prepared, a plan is given to the Minister for approval. A management plan is a ‘legislative instrument’ for the purposes of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003 and must be registered under that Act. Following registration, the plan is tabled in each House of the Commonwealth Parliament and may be disallowed by either House on a motion moved within 15 sitting days of the House after tabling.
A management plan for a Commonwealth reserve has effect for ten years, subject to being revoked or amended earlier by another management plan for the reserve.
See Section 2.5 in relation to EPBC Act requirements for a management plan.
A management plan does not go into detail to describe each activity undertaken in the park. A range of strategies, plans and policies are developed from time to time to articulate management programs and responses. A list of the majority of such documents being used and/or developed at the time of preparing this plan appears as Appendix D to this plan.
Control of actions in Commonwealth reserves
The EPBC Act (ss.354 and 354A) prohibits certain actions being taken in Commonwealth reserves except in accordance with a management plan. These actions are:
kill, injure, take, trade, keep or move a member of a native species; or
damage heritage; or
carry on an excavation; or
erect a building or other structure; or
carry out works; or
take an action for commercial purposes.
These prohibitions, and other provisions of the EPBC Act and Regulations dealing with activities in Commonwealth reserves, do not prevent Aboriginal people from continuing their traditional use of Booderee National Park for hunting or gathering (except for the purposes of sale) or for ceremonial and religious purposes (s.359A).
The EPBC Act also does not affect the operation of s.211 of the Native Title Act 1993 which provides that holders of native title rights covering certain activities do not need authorisation required by other laws to engage in those activities (s.8 EPBC Act).
Mining operations are prohibited in Booderee National Park by the EPBC Act (ss.355 and 355A) except where authorised under a management plan.
The EPBC Regulations control, or allow the Director to control, a range of activities in Commonwealth reserves such as camping, use of vehicles and vessels, littering, commercial activities, commercial fishing, recreational fishing and research. The Director applies the Regulations subject to and in accordance with the EPBC Act and management plans. The Regulations do not apply to the Director or to wardens or rangers appointed under the EPBC Act. Activities that are prohibited or restricted by the EPBC Act may be carried on if they are authorised by a permit issued by the Director and/or they are carried on in accordance with a management plan or if another exception prescribed by r.12.06(1) of the Regulations applies.
Access to biological resources in Commonwealth areas is regulated under Part 8A of the EPBC Regulations. Access to biological resources is also covered by ss.354 and 354A of the EPBC Act if the resources are members of a native species and/or if access is for commercial purposes.
Environmental impact assessment
Actions that are likely to have a significant impact on ‘matters of national environmental significance’ are subject to the referral, assessment and approval provisions of Chapters 2 to 4 of the EPBC Act (irrespective of where the action is taken).
At the time of preparing this plan, the matters of national environmental significance identified in the EPBC Act are:
World Heritage listed properties
National Heritage listed places
Ramsar wetlands of international importance
nationally listed threatened species and ecological communities
listed migratory species
nuclear actions (including uranium mining).
Commonwealth marine areas
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
The referral, assessment and approval provisions also apply to actions on Commonwealth land that are likely to have a significant impact on the environment and to actions taken outside Commonwealth land that are likely to have a significant impact on the environment on Commonwealth land. The park is Commonwealth land for the purposes of the EPBC Act.
Responsibility for compliance with the assessment and approvals provisions of the EPBC Act lies with persons taking relevant ‘controlled’ actions. A person proposing to take an action that the person thinks may be or is a controlled action should refer the proposal to the Minister for the Minister’s decision whether or not the action is a controlled action. The Director of National Parks may also refer proposed actions to the Minister.
Wildlife protection
The EPBC Act also contains provisions (Part 13) that prohibit and regulate actions in relation to listed threatened species and ecological communities, listed migratory species, cetaceans and listed marine species. Appendix E to this plan lists species of significance to the park, including species that are listed under the EPBC Act and NSW legislation and under international conventions, treaties and agreements at the time of preparing this plan.
Actions taken in a Commonwealth reserve in accordance with a management plan in relation to members of species listed under Part 13 of the Act are exempt from prohibitions that would otherwise apply under Part 13.
Heritage protection
The Jervis Bay Territory (which includes the area occupied by the park) is listed as a place in the Commonwealth Heritage List under the EPBC Act. The Booderee Botanic Gardens and Cape St George Lighthouse Ruins and Curtilage located within the park are also listed as places in the Commonwealth Heritage List.
At the time of preparing this plan the Hive Shipwreck Survivors’ Camp was under consideration for inclusion in the Commonwealth Heritage List. The site will be managed in accordance with Commonwealth Heritage management principles if listed during the life of this plan.
The EPBC Act heritage protection provisions (ss.324A to 324ZC and ss.341A to 341ZH) relevantly provide:
for establishment and maintenance of a National Heritage List and a Commonwealth Heritage List, criteria and values for inclusion of places in either list and heritage management principles for places that are included in the two lists
that Commonwealth agencies must not take an action that is likely to have an adverse impact on the heritage values of a place included in either list unless there is no feasible and prudent alternative to taking the action and all measures that can reasonably be taken to mitigate the impact of the action on those values are taken
that Commonwealth agencies that own or control places must:
- prepare a written heritage strategy for managing those places to protect and conserve their Commonwealth Heritage values. The strategy must address any matters required by the EPBC Regulations, and not be inconsistent with the Commonwealth Heritage management principles
- identify Commonwealth Heritage values for each place, and produce a register that sets out the Commonwealth Heritage values (if any) for each place (and do so within the timeframe set out in the place’s heritage strategy).
The prescriptions within this management plan are consistent with Commonwealth Heritage and National Heritage management principles and other relevant obligations under the EPBC Act for protecting and conserving the heritage values for which the park has been listed on the Commonwealth Heritage List and nominated on the National Heritage List.
Appendices C and D identify Commonwealth Heritage values and compliance with Commonwealth Heritage management principles relevant to the park.
Penalties
Civil and criminal penalties may be imposed for breaches of the EPBC Act.
2.5 Purpose and content of a management plan
The purpose of this management plan is to describe the direction of management for the park for the next ten years in accordance with the EPBC Act. It identifies desired outcomes and actions required to achieve these outcomes. The plan enables management to proceed in an orderly way, helps reconcile competing interests and identifies priorities for the allocation of available resources.
In line with the aspirations of the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council for sole management of the park, this plan aims to develop and enhance the Community’s ability to eventually manage the park.
Under s.367(1) of the EPBC Act, a management plan for a Commonwealth reserve (in this case, the park) must provide for the protection and conservation of the reserve. In particular, a management plan must:
(a)assign the reserve to an IUCN category (whether or not a Proclamation has assigned the reserve or a zone of the reserve to that IUCN category); and
(b)state how the reserve, or each zone of the reserve, is to be managed; and
(c)state how the natural features of the reserve, or of each zone of the reserve, are to be protected and conserved; and
(d)if the Director holds land or seabed included in the reserve under lease—be consistent with the Director’s obligations under the lease; and
(e)specify any limitation or prohibition on the exercise of a power, or performance of a function, under the EPBC Act in or in relation to the reserve; and
(f)specify any mining operation, major excavation or other work that may be carried on in the reserve, and the conditions under which it may be carried on; and
(g)specify any other operation or activity that may be carried on in the reserve; and
(h)indicate generally the activities that are to be prohibited or regulated in the reserve, and the means of prohibiting or regulating them; and
indicate how the plan takes account of Australia’s obligations under each agreement with one or more other countries that is relevant to the reserve (including the World Heritage Convention and the Ramsar Convention, if appropriate); and
(j)if the reserve includes a National Heritage place:
(i) not be inconsistent with the National Heritage management principles; and
(ii) address the matters prescribed by regulations made for the purposes of paragraph 324S(4)(a); and
(k)if the reserve includes a Commonwealth Heritage place:
(i) not be inconsistent with the Commonwealth Heritage management principles; and
(ii) address the matters prescribed by regulations made for the purposes of paragraph 341S(4)(a).
In preparing a management plan the EPBC Act (s.368) also requires account to be taken of various matters. In respect to Booderee National Park these matters include:
the regulation of the use of the park for the purpose for which it was declared
the interests of:
- the traditional owners of the park
- any other Indigenous persons interested in the park
- any person who has a usage right relating to land, sea or seabed in the park that existed (or is derived from a usage right that existed) immediately before the park was declared
the protection of the special features of the park, including objects and sites of biological, historical, palaeontological, archaeological, geological and geographical interest
the protection, conservation and management of biodiversity and heritage within the park
the protection of the park against damage
Australia's obligations under agreements between Australia and one or more other countries relevant to the protection and conservation of biodiversity and heritage.
2.6 IUCN category
In addition to assigning a Commonwealth reserve to an IUCN protected area category, a management plan may divide a Commonwealth reserve into zones and assign each zone to an IUCN category. The category to which a zone is assigned may differ from the category to which the reserve as a whole is assigned (s.367(2)).
The provisions of a management plan must not be inconsistent with the reserve management principles for the IUCN category to which the reserve or zone of the reserve is assigned (s.367(3)). See Section 3.1 for information on Booderee’s IUCN categories.
2.7 Lease agreement
The park was granted to the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council on behalf of the Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community in 1995 and leased to the Director of National Parks as a Commonwealth reserve. The Lease expires on 10 October 2094. With the exception of the term, the provisions of the Lease may be reviewed by the Council and the Director every five years, or at any agreed time. Five years before the Lease expires, the Council and the Director will enter into negotiations for its renewal or extension, unless the Lease has been terminated. The Council and the Director may agree in writing to terminate the Lease at any time.
Where the enactment, repeal or amendment of an Act or Regulation:
is inconsistent with the Lease, the management plan, the Council’s rights as lessor or the Council’s ownership of the fee simple in the park; and
is materially prejudicial to the rights of the Council or the Community regarding the ownership, occupation, use, administration, management or control of the park,
the Lease is deemed to be breached.
Such action may lead to termination of the Lease on 18 months notice by the Council. Where a termination notice is issued, the Council and the Director must meet as soon as possible and enter into bona fide negotiations with a view to a new lease being granted.
Under the Lease the following rights of the Community are reserved, subject to prior approval of the Council, the directions or decisions of the Board relating to health, safety, privacy or protection of the park and any such reasonable constraints mentioned within the management plan:
the right to enter, use and occupy the park in accordance with the Aboriginal tradition of the Community
the right to continue to use the park for traditional hunting and food gathering in accordance with law and for ceremonial and religious purposes
the right to reside in the park at other locations as may be specified in the management plan.
The Director’s responsibilities under the Lease include:
at the request of the Council, subletting any reasonable part of the park to a Community member provided it is in accordance with the EPBC Act and the plan
paying rent to the Council
promoting and protecting the interests of the Community and sacred sites, areas and things of significance to the Community
promoting and assisting in the provision of resources for the involvement of Community members in the development of management plans and in the operations and management of the park
promoting the employment and training of Community members
contracting the Council’s services and engage as many Community members as practicable to provide services in the park
promoting understanding of and respect for Aboriginal traditions, languages, cultures, customs and skills
encouraging business and commercial enterprises by the Council in the park
providing funding to the Council to fulfil Community liaison functions
providing resources for the adequate maintenance of roads and other facilities
implementing a licensing scheme for tour operators and other commercial operators
properly collecting and auditing entrance fees and other charges
assisting with a business case and seeking funding for construction of a Cultural Centre
subject to the plan and taking into account the Director’s financial duties under legislation and relevant policies, contracting out appropriate services in the park and giving preference to the Council to provide those services.
The full provisions of the Lease at the time of preparing this plan are at Appendix B.
2.8 International agreements
This plan must take account of Australia’s obligations under relevant international agreements. The following agreements are relevant to the park and are taken into account in this plan. Species listed under the agreements and conventions are listed species under Part 13 of the EPBC Act. Appendix E to this management plan includes listed migratory and marine species found in the park.
Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP)
ACAP is a multilateral agreement which seeks to conserve albatrosses and petrels by coordinating international activity to mitigate known threats to albatross and petrel populations. Four species listed under this agreement are found in Booderee.
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
(Bonn Convention)
The Bonn Convention aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. Parties to this convention work together to conserve migratory species and their habitats. Twenty-seven species listed under this convention are found in Booderee.
Plan ref. | Business management | 5.2.5 | p.47 | 113 | 7.4.3 | 9.5.3 | Table 8 | 9.2.5 | 6.1 – 6.3 |
| Referred to in management plan | Supersedes the training Strategy | Plan indicates that the Training Strategy will be used to develop training and employment opportunities and employment targets. | Plan indicates that a master plan was developed to rectify drainage, public safety, boat ramp access issues and to improve public amenity. | Plan indicates that risk assessment will be in accordance with the Director’s Risk Management Policy | Plan indicates that environmental assessment guidelines will be reviewed and updated–which all contractors working in the park must comply with. | Table 8 of the plan | Plan indicates that the Director may seek reimbursement or contributions for the cost of responding to incidents, in particular search and rescue operations, in accordance with guidelines approved by the Board. | Commonwealth agencies that own or control Commonwealth Heritage Areas must prepare a written heritage strategy. The management plan may be considered a written strategy. | |
| Existing or planned? | Drafted | Existing | Existing | Existing | Existing | Existing | Planned | This plan | |
| Document Type | Strategy | Strategy | Park plan | Agency policy | (Guidelines) Policy | (Guidelines) Policy | (Guidelines) Policy | Strategy | |
| Document title | Training and Employment Strategy 2011-2016 | Training Strategy 2005-2010 | Master Plan for improvements to Murrays Boat Ramp | Director’s Risk Management Policy | Environmental assessment guidelines for contractors | Guidelines for environmental assessment requirements (for all proposals) | Cost recovery guidelines | (Commonwealth) Heritage Strategy |
Plan ref. | Indigenous | 6.1.10 | 4.2.7 | 9.8.7 |
| Referred to in management plan | Plan indicates that the park will prepare a Cultural Heritage Strategy in the first year of the plan | Plan indicates that Guidelines for traditional use of areas within the park, (including camping). Will be prepared in consultation with the Council and the Board. | Plan indicates that we will develop guidelines which assist in assessing the Community benefit test for the approval of the Board | |
| Existing or planned? | Drafted | Planned | Planned | |
| Document Type | Strategy | (Guidelines) Policy | (Guidelines) Policy | |
| Document title | Cultural Heritage Strategy | Guidelines for traditional use of areas within the park, (including camping). | Guidelines for assessing the Community benefit test |
Appendix E
Significant Species of Booderee National Park
(a) Species listed under Commonwealth and New South Wales legislation
| Scientific name | Common name | Legislative status | Marine | Cetacean | Migratory | CAMBA | JAMBA | ROKAMBA | ACAP | Bonn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cwlth | NSW | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mammals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arctocephalus forsteri | New Zealand fur seal | V | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus | Australian fur seal | V | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balaenoptera acutorostrata e | minke whale | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cercartetus nanus | eastern pygmy possum | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Delphinus delphis | common dolphin | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dugong dugon a | dugong | E | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eubalaena australis | southern right whale | E | V | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Globicephala macrorhynchus e | short-finned pilot whale | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Globicephala melas e | long-finned pilot whale | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grampus griseus e | Risso’s dolphin | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hydrurga leptonyx a | leopard seal | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Megaptera novaeangliae | humpback whale | V | V | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mesoplodon layardii e | strap-toothed beaked whale | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neophoca cinerea a | Australian sea-lion | V | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Orcinus orca e | killer whale | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physeter macrocephalus e | sperm whale | V | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pseudomys gracilicaudatus | eastern chestnut mouse | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pseudorca crassidens e | false killer whale | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pteropus poliocephalus | grey-headed flying fox | V | V | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sminthopsis leucopus | white-footed dunnart | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tursiops aduncus | Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Birds | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accipiter fasciatus | brown goshawk | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acrocephalus australis | Australian reed-warbler | ü | ü | ! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anous stolidus a | common noddy | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anthus novaeseelandiae | Australasian pipit | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apus pacificus | fork-tailed swift | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ardea intermedia | intermediate egret | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ardea modesta | eastern great egret | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ardenna grisea (listed as Puffinus griseus) | sooty shearwater | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ardenna pacifica | wedge-tailed shearwater | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ardenna tenuirostris | short-tailed shearwater | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arenaria interpres | ruddy turnstone | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Biziura lobata | musk duck | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cacomantis flabelliformis | fan-tailed cuckoo | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cacomantis pallidus | pallid cuckoo | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calidris alba a | sanderling | V | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calidris canutus a | red knot | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calidris ferrugineaa | curlew sandpiper | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Callocephalon fimbriatum | gang-gang cockatoo | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chalcites basalis | Horsfield’s bronze-cuckoo | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chalcites lucidus | shining bronze-cuckoo | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calyptorhynchus lathami | glossy black cockatoo | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charadrius bicinctus | double-banded plover | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charadrius mongolusa | lesser sand plover, Mongolian plovera | V | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Charadrius ruficapillus | red-capped plover | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae | silver gull | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Circus approximans | marsh harrier | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coracina novaehollandiae | black-faced cuckoo-shrike | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coracina papuensis a | white-bellied cuckoo-shrike | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daphoenositta chrysoptera | varied sittella | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daption capense e | cape petrel | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dasyornis brachypterus | eastern bristlebird | E | E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dicrurus bracteatus | spangled drongo | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diomedea exulans e | wandering albatross | V | E | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Egretta garzetta | little egret | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Egretta sacra | eastern reef egret | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eudynamys orientalis | eastern koel | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eudyptula minor | little penguin | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eurystomus orientalis | dollarbird | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Falco cenchroides | Australian kestrel | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fulmarus glacialoides ae | southern fulmar | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gallinago hardwickii | Latham’s snipe | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grallina cyanoleuca | magpie-lark | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Haematopus fuliginosus | sooty oystercatcher | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Haematopus longirostris | pied oystercatcher | E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Haliaeetus leucogaster | white-bellied sea-eagle | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Haliastur sphenurus | whistling kite | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hieraaetus morphnoides | little eagle | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hirundapus caudacutus | white-throated needletail | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hirundo neoxena | welcome swallow | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hydroprogne caspia | Caspian tern | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ixobrychus flavicollis | black bittern | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lathamus discolor a | swift parrot | E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Limosa lapponica | bar-tailed godwit | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lophoictinia isura | square-tailed kite | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monarcha melanopsis a | black-faced monarch | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Morus serrator | Australasian gannet | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ninox connivensa | barking owl | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ninox novaeseelandi ae | southern boobook | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ninox strenua | powerful owl | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numenius madagascariensis | eastern curlew | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numenius phaeopus | whimbrel | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Onychoprion fuscataae | sooty tern | V | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pachyptila desolata ae | Antarctic prion | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pachyptila salvini ae | Salvin’s prion | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pachyptila turtur a | fairy prion | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pandion cristatus | eastern osprey | V | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pelagodroma marina e | white-faced storm-petrel | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pelecanus conspicillatus | Australian pelican | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Petrochelidon nigricans | tree martin | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Petroica boodang a | scarlet robin | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Petroica phoenicea a | flame robin | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Petroica rodinogaster a | pink robin | V | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pezoporus wallicus wallicus | ground parrot (eastern) | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phaethon rubricauda ae | red-tailed tropicbird | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phoebetria fusca ae | sooty albatross | V | V | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Porphyrio porphyrio | purple swamphen | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pterodroma inexpectata ae | mottled petrel | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pterodroma lessonii ae | white-headed petrel | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pterodroma leucoptera leucopteraae | Gould’s petrel | E | V | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pterodroma neglecta neglecta ae | Kermadec petrel | V | V | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pterodroma solandri ae | providence petrel | V | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Puffinus assimilis ae | little shearwater | V | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Puffinus gavia | fluttering shearwater | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rhipidura rufifrons | rufous fantail | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stercorarius parasiticus | Arctic jaeger | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stercorarius pomarinus | pomarine jaeger | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sternula albifrons | little tern | E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sterna striata | white-fronted tern | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stictonetta naevosa a | freckled duck | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sula leucogaster ae | brown booby | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thalassarche cauta e | shy albatross | V | V | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thalassarche melanophris e | black-browed albatross | V | V | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thalasseus bergii | crested tern | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thinornis rubicollis | hooded plover | CE | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Threskiornis molucca a | Australian white ibis | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Todiramphus sanctus | sacred kingfisher | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tringa incana a | wandering tatler | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tringa nebularia a | greenshank | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tyto novaehollandiae | masked owl | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zosterops lateralis | silvereye | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reptiles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Caretta caretta a | loggerhead turtle | E | E | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chelonia mydas a | green turtle | V | V | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dermochelys coriacea ae | leatherback turtle | E | V | ü | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eretmochelys imbricata a | hawksbill turtle | V | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pelamis platurus ae | yellow-bellied sea-snake | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amphibians | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heleioporus australiacus | giant burrowing frog | V | V | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Litoria aurea c | green and golden bell frog | V | E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fish | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anampses elegans | elegant wrasse | P | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carcharias taurus | grey nurse shark | CE d | E f | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Epinephelus daemelii | black cod | V | V | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hippocampus abdominalis | big-belly seahorse | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Histiogamphelus briggsii | Brigg’s crested pipefish | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Odontaspis ferox | Herbsts nurse shark | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Paraplesiops bleekeri | eastern blue devil fish | P | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phyllopteryx taeniolatus | weedy seadragon | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stigmatopora argus | spotted pipefish | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stigmatopora nigra | wide-bodied pipefish | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vanacampus margaritifer | mother-of-pearl pipefish | ü | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific name | Common name | Legislative status | Marine | Cetacean | Migratory | CAMBA | JAMBA | ROKAMBA | ACAP | Bonn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cwlth | NSW | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vascular Plants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cryptostylis hunteriana | leafless tongue orchid | V | V | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Calochilus pulchellus | pretty beard orchid | E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Galium australe | tangled bedstraw | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Syzygium paniculatum | magenta cherry | V | E | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definitions
Cwlth: Listed as critically endangered (CE), endangered (E) or vulnerable (V) under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cwlth)
NSW: Listed as critically endangered (CE), endangered (E) or vulnerable (V) under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) or as endangered (Ef) or as protected (P) under the Fisheries Management Act 1994 (NSW)
Marine: Listed as a marine species under the EPBC Act
Cetacean: A member of the sub-order Mysticeti or Odontoceti of the order Cetacea protected under Division 3 of the EPBC Act. Cetaceans include whales, dolphins and related marine mammals
Migratory: Listed as a migratory species under the EPBC Act
CAMBA: Listed under the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China for the Protection of Migratory Birds and their Environment
JAMBA: Listed under the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds in Danger of Extinction and their Environment
ROKAMBA: Listed under the Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Republic of Korea on the Protection of Migratory Birds
ACAP: Listed under the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels
Bonn: Listed under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
Notes:
(a) vagrant or accidental
(b) unconfirmed record
(c) may be extinct in park
(d) east coast population
(e) present in NSW waters adjacent to Booderee National Park
(f) listed as endangered under the Fisheries Management Act 1994 (NSW)
(b) Other Significant Species
| Scientific name | Common name | Reason for Significance |
| Mammals | ||
| Dasyurus maculatus | spotted-tailed quoll | Extinct in Booderee but targeted for reintroduction. |
| Isoodon obesulus | southern brown bandicoot | Extinct in Booderee but targeted for reintroduction |
| Perameles nasuta | long-nosed bandicoot | Classic Critical Weight Range Mammal (35 to 5500 grams) representative of terrestrial Australian mammals very prone to extinction by fox predation. Monitored to measure success of fox baiting program. |
| Petauroides volans | greater glider | Formerly common arboreal folivore . Possibly adversely affected by fox control due to influx of large forest owls attracted to high P. peregrinus density. |
| Petaurus australis | yellow-bellied glider | Extinct in Booderee but targeted for reintroduction. |
| Potorous tridactylus | long-nosed potoroo | Extinct in Booderee but targeted for reintroduction. |
| Pseudocheirus peregrinus | common ringtail possum | Critical Weight Range Mammal”(35 to 5500 grams) and important component of the diet of BNPs larger native predators (grey goshawk, powerful owl, diamond python) |
| Trichosurus vulpecula | common brushtail possum | Critical Weight Range Mammal (35 to 5500 grams) representative of terrestrial Australian mammals very prone to extinction by fox predation. Monitored to measure success of fox baiting program. |
| Wallabia bicolor | swamp wallaby | Ecosystem engineer that at high densities transforms diverse sclerophyll forest to less diverse fern parkland. |
| Birds | ||
| Accipiter novaehollandiae | grey goshawk | One of the largest forest predators at Booderee. |
| Cinclosoma punctatum | spotted quail-thrush | Ground dwelling passerine known to be present in 1970s but now absent. |
| Epthianura albifrons | white-fronted chat | Ground dwelling passerine known to be present in 1970s but now absent. |
| Lopholaimus antarcticus | topknot pigeon | Rare bird at Booderee. Irregular visitor to rainforest. |
| Phasianus colchicus | common pheasant | Exotic species but Bowen Island population is one of the very few free ranging populations in Australia. Maybe conserved for cultural significance. |
| Phylidonyris melanops | tawny-crowned honeyeater | Rare bird at Booderee. Restricted to heath. |
| Stagonopleura bella | beautiful firetail finch | Rare bird at Booderee. Restricted to heath. |
| Stipiturus malachurus | southern emu wren | Rare bird at Booderee. Restricted to heath. Other sub-species have declined severely (Mount Lofty emu wren). |
| Reptiles | ||
| Acanthophis antarcticus | common death adder | Booderee has a substantial population of these snakes which are very patchily distributed in south-east NSW. |
| Cyclodomorphus michaeli | mainland she-oak skink | Relatively rare reptile with a patchy distribution. |
| Morelia spilota spilota | diamond python | Largest native terrestrial predator in the Park. Illegally taken by reptile collectors. |
| Fish | ||
| Achoerodus viridis | eastern blue groper | Heavily targeted by fishermen. Popular with divers. |
| Heterodontus portusjacksoni | Port Jackson shark | Very large breeding aggregations off Murray’s Beach. |
| Orectolobus spp. | wobbegong shark | Popular with divers. |
| Pagrus auratus | Australasian snapper | Heavily targeted by fishermen. Predator of overabundant sea urchin. |
| Squatina australis | Australian angleshark | Popular with divers. |
| Scientific name | Common name | Reason for Significance |
| Invertebrates | ||
| Eustacus sp | Lake Windemere crayfish | Distinctive crayfish that may be a species endemic to Booderee. |
| Haliotis rubra | blacklip abalone | Targeted by fishermen |
| Jasus verreauxi | eastern rock lobster | Targeted by fishermen. Predator of overabundant sea urchin. |
| Sepioteuthis australis | southern calamari | Targeted by fishermen. Formerly large breeding aggregations in BNP waters. |
| Vascular Plants | ||
| Thelychiton speciosum | rock orchid | Extensively harvested by collectors in the past now relatively uncommon. Formerly Dendrobium speciosum. |
| Dracophyllum oceanicum | Grows only in the Jervis Bay area, - Booderee and Beecroft Peninsula on cliff faces. | |
| Telopea speciosissima | New South Wales waratah | Flowers illegally harvested. |
| Zieria arborescens ssp. decurrens | stinkwood | Found only in the Jervis Bay area. Flora of NSW notes it as being rare. |
Bibliography
Aquenal (2004). Marine Biodiversity at Booderee National Park, Field surveys of the marine community. Report commissioned by Parks Australia, Canberra
Berkemeier, P (2004). Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community and Booderee National Park Cultural Centre Pre-Design Study Final Report. Report commissioned by Parks Australia.
Briggs, J.D. and Leigh, J.H. (1995). Rare or threatened Australian plants Collingwood, Vic., Australia : CSIRO, Australia ; [Darwin, N.T.] : Australian Nature Conservation Agency
Egloff, B. (1981). Wreck Bay: an Aboriginal fishing community. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra.
Egloff, B. Navin, K. and Officer, K. (1995). Jervis Bay National Park and Botanic Gardens as Aboriginal land. A final report to the Minister on the significance of the land and water in the Region of Jervis Bay Territory to indicate the appropriateness of a grant under the Aboriginal Land Grant (Jervis Bay Territory) Act 1986 (as amended).
Enmark Pty Ltd (2005a). Booderee National Park – Feasibility Analysis –Accommodation – Food Service – Retail. Report commissioned by Parks Australia.
Enmark Pty Ltd (2005b). Booderee National Park – Park Use Fee – Alternative Structures Considered (revised). Report commissioned by Parks Australia.
Hailey L. (2006). Pricing Restructure Marketing Plan. Report commissioned by Parks Australia.
Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd, (2008). The impacts and management implications of climate change for the Australian government’s protected areas; A report to the Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and the Department of Climate Change, Canberra.
Ingwersen (1976). Vegetation of the Jervis Bay Territory. Department of the Capital Territory. Conservation Series Number 3.
IUCN – The World Conservation Union (1994). Guidelines for protected area management categories, IUCN, Switzerland.
McKenzie (2003). Cultural Heritage Program – Site Recording – Site Reassessment Report. Report commissioned by Parks Australia.
Navin, K. and Officer, K. (1993). Archaeological investigation: Proposed water, sewerage and transmission line easements, Bherwerre Peninsula, Jervis Bay.
Penman T. D. and Brassil T.E. (2008). Management of Amphibian Populations in Booderee National Park, South-Eastern Australia, Forest Resources Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Beecroft NSW
Sachs, K. (1997). Survey of Sullivan’s recorded Aboriginal site to assess site condition.
Sullivan, M. E. (1977). Aboriginal sites of Bherwerre Peninsula.
Taws, N. (1997). Vegetation survey and mapping of Jervis Bay Territory. Report commissioned by Parks Australia.
Taws, N. (1998). Fire and vegetation management in Jervis Bay Territory. Report commissioned by Parks Australia.
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