Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 1.4.4 - Prohibited and Restricted Plants and Fungi (Cth)
STANDARD 1.4.4
PROHIBITED AND RESTRICTED PLANTS AND FUNGI
Purpose
This standard regulates plants and fungi. It lists the species of plants and fungi that must not be added to food or offered for sale as food. It also lists the species of plants and fungi that may not be used in food except as a source of a flavouring substance.
Table of Provisions
1 Prohibited plants and fungi
2 Restricted plants and fungi
3 Raw apricot kernels
Schedule 1 Prohibited plants and fungi
Schedule 2 Restricted plants and fungi
Clauses
1 Prohibited plants and fungi
(1) A plant or fungus, or a part or a derivative of a plant or fungus listed in Schedule 1, or any substance derived therefrom, must not be intentionally added to food or offered for sale as food.
(2) Eurythroxylum coca (coca bush) or any substance derived therefrom must not be present in a food unless the cocaine has been removed.
Editorial note:
Subclause (1) is not intended to prohibit the natural presence of plants and fungi in food; or the unintentional addition of plants and fungi to food that occur within the bounds of recognised acceptable Good Agricultural Practice or Good Manufacturing Practice. If a public health and safety concern is identified because of the presence of such substances, they will be addressed through the setting of a limit on these substances in final food products. Standard 1.4.1 establishes maximum limits for some natural toxicants in food.
2 Restricted plants and fungi
A plant or fungus, or a part or a derivative of a plant or fungus listed in Schedule 2, or any substance derived there from, may only be added to or be present in a food if it complies with the requirements for natural toxicants from the addition of a flavouring substance in the Table to clause 4 of Standard 1.4.1.
Editorial Note:
Clause 4 of Standard 1.4.1 imposes maximum levels of natural toxicants arising from the use of certain flavouring substances.
Standard 1.3.1 regulates food additives, including the addition and presence of flavourings in food.
3 Raw apricot kernels
(1) Raw apricot kernels must not be sold in a retail sale.
(2) Raw apricot kernels must not be used as an ingredient in a food unless the kernels have been or will be subject to processing or a treatment that renders them safe for human consumption.
(3) To avoid doubt, nothing in this clause prevents the sale of apricots containing their raw apricot kernels or the use of such apricots as an ingredient in a food.
(4) Nothing in this clause affects the operation of clause 4 of Standard 1.4.1.
(5) For the purposes of this clause –
raw apricot kernels means the nut found within the hard shell or stone of Prunus armeniaca and includes hulled, dehulled, blanched, ground, milled, cracked, chopped or whole kernels.
(6) Subclause 1(2) of Standard 1.1.1 does not apply in relation to any variation made by Food Standards (Proposal P1016 – Hydrocyanic Acid in Apricot Kernels & other Foods) Variation.
SCHEDULE 1
Prohibited Plants and Fungi
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| Species name | Common name |
| Abrus cantoniensis | |
| Abrus precatorius | Jequirity seeds |
| Acokanthera schimperi | Arrow poison tree |
| Aconitum spp. | Aconite |
| Acorus calamus | Calamus oil |
| Adonis vernalis | False hellebore, Spring adonis |
| Aesculus hippocastanum | Horse chestnut, Buckeye |
| Alocasia macrorrhiza | Cunjevoi, Elephant ear, Kape, ‘Ape, Ta’amu |
| Alstonia constricta | Alstonia |
| Amanita muscaria | Agaricus, Fly agaric |
| Amanita spp. | Amanita Mushroom |
| Ammi visnaga | Bisnaga, Khella |
| Anadenanthera peregrina | Cohoba yope, Niopo |
| Anchusa officinalis | Bugloss |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium | Bitter root, Spreading dogbane |
| Apocynum cannabinum | Canadian hemp, Dogbane, Indian hemp |
| Areca catechu nut | Betel nut |
| Argyreia nervosa | Woolly morning glory |
| Aristolochia spp. | Birthwort, Snakeroot |
| Arnica spp. | Arnica |
| Atropa belladonna | Deadly nightshade, Dwale |
| Banisteriopsis spp. | Banisteria, Caapi |
| Borago officinalis | Borage |
| Brachyglottis spp. | Rangiora |
| Brunfelsia uniflora | Manaca, Mercury |
| Bryonia alba | European white bryony |
| Bryonia dioica | White bryony |
| Cacalia spp. | |
| Calotropis spp. | Calotropis |
| Cannabis spp. | Hemp, Marijuana |
| Catha edulis | Khat, Chat |
| Catharanthus spp. | Periwinkle |
| Cestrum nocturnum | Queen of the night, Night blooming jessamine |
| Chelidonium majus | Common celandine, Greater celandine |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides | Wormseed, Mexican goosefoot, Pigweed, America wormseed |
| Cicuta virosa | Cowbane, European water hemlock |
| Clitocybe spp. | Fungi |
| Colchicum autumnale | Autumn crocus, Meadow saffron |
| Conium maculatum | Hemlock |
| Conocybe spp. | |
| Convallaria majalis | Lily of the Valley |
| Copelandia spp. | Fungi |
| Coprinus atramentarius | Common ink cap |
| Coriaria spp. | Tutu, Tuupaakihi, Puuhou, Toot |
| Cornyocarpus laevigatus seed | Karaka kernel, New Zealand laurel |
| Coronilla spp. | Crown vetch |
| Cortinarius spp. | Fungi |
| Coryanthe yohimbe | Yohimbe |
| Crotolaria spp. | Crotolaria |
| Croton tiglium | Croton, Purging croton |
| Cycas media | Zamia palm |
| Cynoglossum officinale | Hound’s tongue, Beggar’s lice |
| Cytisus scoparius (see Sarothamnus scoparius) | |
| Daphne spp. | Daphne, Mezereum, Spurge laurel |
| Datura stramonium | Jimson weed, Datura, Thornapple |
| Delphinium spp. | Larkspur, Stavesacre |
| Digitalis purpurea | Foxglove |
| Dryopteris filix-mas | Male fern |
| Duboisia spp. | Corkwood, Pituri |
| Echium plantagineum | Patterson’s curse, Salvation Jane |
| Echium vulgare | Viper’s bugloss |
| Entoloma sinuatus | Fungus |
| Ephedra sinica | Ma-huang |
| Erysimum canescens | |
| Euonymus europaeus | Spindle tree, Skewer wood |
| Eupatorium rugosum | White snakeroot |
| Euphorbia spp. | Euphorbia, Milkweed, Spurge, Pennyroyal oil |
| Farfugium japonicum | |
| Galanthus nivalis | Snowdrop |
| Galerina spp. | Fungi |
| Gelsemium sempervirens | Yellow Jessamine, Gelsemium |
| Gymnopilus spp. | Fungi |
| Gyromitra esculenta | False morel |
| Haemadictyon amazonica | Yage |
| Heliotropium spp. | Heliotrope |
| Helleborous niger | Black hellebore, Christmas rose |
| Hemerocallis fulva | Pale day lily |
| Hippomane mancinella | Manzanillo |
| Homeria breyniana (see Homeria collina) | |
| Homeria collina | One-leaved cape tulip |
| Homeria miniata | Two-leaved cape tulip |
| Hydrastis canadensis | Goldenseal root or its extract |
| Hydnocarpus anthelmentica | Chalmoogra seed |
| Hyoscyamus niger Hypholoma fasciculare | Black henbane, Stinking nightshade Sulphur tuft |
| Ilex aquifolium | Holly, English holly |
| Inocybe spp. | Fungi |
| Ipomoea burmanni | Morning glory |
| Ipomoea hederacea | Morning glory |
| Ipomoea tricolor (see Ipomoea violacea) | |
| Ipomoea violacea | Morning glory |
| Juniperus sabina oil | Savin oil |
| Kalmia latifolia | Calico bush, Mountain Laurel, Ivy Bush |
| Laburnum anagyroides | Laburnum, Golden chain, Golden rain, Bean tree |
| Lantana camara | Lantana |
| Laurelia nova-zelandiae | Pukatea |
| Lepiota morgani | Fungus |
| Lithospermum spp. | |
| Lobelia inflata | Indian tobacco, Lobelia |
| Lophophora spp. | Peyote |
| Lycium ferocissimum | Boxthorn, African boxthorn |
| Mahonia aquifolium | Oregon grape or Mountain grape root or its extract |
| Mandragora officinarum | European mandrake |
| Manihot esculenta Crantz (other than Sweet Cassava) | Cassava |
| Melia azedarach | White cedar, Indian bead tree, Chinaberry |
| Menispermum canadense | Yellow parilla, Moonseed |
| Myoporum laetum | Ngaio, Kaio |
| Narcissus jonquille | Narcissus, Daffodil, Jonquil |
| Narcissus poeticus | Narcissus, Daffodil, Jonquil |
| Narcissus pseudonarcissus | Narcissus, Daffodil, Jonquil |
| Nerium oleander | Oleander |
| Nicotiana spp. | Tobacco |
| Oenanthe aquatica (see Oenanthe phellandrium) | |
| Oenanthe phellandrium | Water fennel, Water dropwort |
| Omphalotus spp. | Fungi |
| Opuntia cylindrica | San Pedro cactus, Cane cactus |
| Panaeolus spp. | Fungi |
| Papaver bracteatum | Oriental poppy |
| Papaver somniferum (other than seeds) | Opium poppy |
| Pausinystalia yohimbe (see Coryanthe yohimbe) | |
| Peganum harmala | Wild rue |
| Petasites spp. | Butterbur |
| Peumus boldus | Boldo |
| Phoradendron flavascens (see Viscum flavescens) | |
| Phoradendron serotinum (see Viscum flavescens) | |
| Phoradendron tomentosum (see Viscum flavescens) | |
| Physostigma venenosum | Calabar bean, Ordeal bean |
| Phytolacca decandra | Red pokeweed, Poke root |
| Phytolacca americana (see Phytolacca decandra) | |
| Phytolacca octandra | Inkweed, Red ink plant, Dyeberry |
| Pilocarpus spp. | |
| Piptadenia macrocarpa | Cebil colorado, Cura pag |
| Piptadenia peregrina | Cohoba, Coxoba, Yoke |
| Pithomyces chartarum | Fungus |
| Pluteus spp. | Fungi |
| Podophyllum peltatum | American mandrake, Mayapple, Podophyllum |
| Prestonia amazonica (see Haemodictyon amazonica) | |
| Prunus laurocerasus | Cherry laurel |
| Psoralea corylifolia | Malay tea |
| Psylocybe spp. | Fungi |
| Pteridium aquilinum | Bracken Fern |
| Pulmonaria spp. | Lungwort |
| Punica granatum stem and root bark | Pomegranate |
| Rauwolfia spp. | Devil pepper, Rauwolfia |
| Ricinus communis | Castor bean, Castor oil plant |
| Robinia pseudoacacia | Black locust, False acacia |
| Sanguinaria canadensis | Bloodroot, Bloodwort |
| Sarothamnus scoparius | Common broom |
| Scopolia carniolica | Scopolia |
| Senecio spp. | Ragwort |
| Solanum aviculare | Poroporo, Pooporo, Kohoho, Bullibulli |
| Solanum diflorum | False Jerusalem cherry |
| Solanum dulcamara | Bittersweet twigs, Blue bindweed, Woody nightshade, Nightshade |
| Solanum laciniatum (see Solanum aviculare) | |
| Solanum linnaenum (see Solanum sodomeum) | |
| Solanum nigrum | Black nightshade |
| Solanum pseudocapsicum | Jerusalem cherries |
| Solanum sodomeum | Apple of Sodom |
| Sophora microphylla | Kowhai |
| Sophora secundiflora | Mescal bean |
| Spartium junceum | Spanish broom |
| Spigela marilandica | Pinkroot, Worm grass |
| Strophanthus gratus | Strophanthus |
| Strophanthus kombe | Strophanthus |
| Stropharia cubensis | Fungus |
| Strychnos gautheriana | Hoang nan |
| Strychnos ignatii | Ignatious bean |
| Strychnos malaccensis (see Strychnos gautheriana) | |
| Strychnos nux-vomica | Poison nut, Nux vomica |
| Symphytum asperum | Prickly comfrey |
| Symphytum officinale | Common comfrey |
| Symphytum x uplandicum | Russian comfrey |
| Tamus communis | Blackeye root, Black bryony |
| Taxus baccata | Yew, European yew, Common yew |
| Thevetia neriifolia (see Thevetia peruviana) | |
| Thevetia peruviana | Snake nut |
| Trichodesma africana | |
| Tricholoma muscarium | Fungus |
| Tussilago farfara | Coltsfoot |
| Veratrum spp. | Hellebore |
| Vinca spp. | Periwinkle |
| Virola sebifera | Cuajo negro, Camaticaro |
| Viscum album | European mistletoe berries |
| Viscum flavescens | American mistletoe |
| Xysmalobium undulatum | Uzara, Thornbush |
| Zamia integrifolia | Coonties, Florida arrowroot |
Editorial note:
Requirements relating to Kava (Piper methysticum) are contained in Standard 2.6.3 of this Code.
Sweet cassava is defined in Standard 1.1.2 and the requirements for it are contained in clause 2 of 1.2.1 and clause 3 of Standard 1.2.6
SCHEDULE 2
Restricted Plants and Fungi
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
| Species name | Common Name | Natural Toxicant |
| Artemisia absinthium | Common wormwood | Thujone, santonin |
| Artemisia cina Berg | Levant wormseed | Thujone, santonin |
| Artemisia maritima | Levant wormseed | Thujone, santonin |
| Artemisia vulgaris | Mugwort | Thujone, santonin |
| Chrysanthemum balsamita | Costmary | Thujone |
| Chrysanthemum parthenium (see Tanacetum parthenium) | ||
| Cinchona spp. | Cinchona | Quinine |
| Cinnamomum camphora | Camphor tree oil | Safrole, coumarin |
| Cinnamomum micranthum | Micranthum oil | Safrole, coumarin |
| Hedeoma pulegioides oil | American pennyroyal White snakeroot oil | Pulegone |
| Hypericum perforatum | St John's wort | Hypericine |
| Mentha pulegium oil | European pennyroyal oil | Pulegone |
| Sassafras albidum | American sassafras oil | Safrole |
| Sassafras officinale (see Sassafras albidum) | ||
| Tanacetum balsamita (see Chrysanthemum balsamita) | ||
| Tanacetum parthenium | Feverfew | Santonin |
| Tanacetum vulgare | Tansy oil | Thujone |
| Thuja occidentalis | Thuja, White cedar | Thujone |
Amendment History
The Amendment History provides information about each amendment to the Standard. The information includes commencement or cessation information for relevant amendments.
These amendments are made under section 92 of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Act 1991 unless otherwise indicated. Amendments do not have a specific date for cessation unless indicated as such.
About this compilation
This is a compilation of Standard 1.4.4 as in force on 7 December 2015 (up to Amendment No. 159). It includes any commenced amendment affecting the compilation to that date.
Prepared by Food Standards Australia New Zealand on 7 December 2015.
Uncommenced amendments or provisions ceasing to have effect
To assist stakeholders, the effect of any uncommenced amendments or provisions which will cease to have effect, may be reflected in the Standard as shaded boxed text with the relevant commencement or cessation date. These amendments will be reflected in a compilation registered on the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments including or omitting those amendments and provided in the Amendment History once the date is passed.
The following abbreviations may be used in the table below:
ad = added or inserted am = amended
exp = expired or ceased to have effect rep = repealed
rs = repealed and substituted
Standard 1.4.4 was published in the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No. P 30 on 20 December 2000 as part of Amendment 53 (F2008B00621 –- 30 September 2008) and has since been amended as follows:
| Clause affected | A’ment No. | FRLI registration Gazette | Commencement (Cessation) | How affected | Description of amendment |
| Table of Provs | 67 | F2008B00814 24 Dec 2008 FSC9 31 July 2003 | 31 July 2003 | am | Formatting errors in Schedule list.. |
| Table of Provs | 159 | F2015L01911 2 Dec 2015 FSC101 7 Dec 2015 | 7 Dec 2015 | ad | Reference to new clause 3. |
| 1 | 152 | F2015L00037 14 Jan 2015 FSC94 15 Jan 2015 | 15 Jan 2015 | rs | Editorial note after clause. |
| 3 | 159 | F2015L01911 2 Dec 2015 FSC101 7 Dec 2015 | 7 Dec 2015 | ad | Clause relating to raw apricot kernels. |
| Sch 1 | 62 | F2008B00807 19 Dec 2008 FSC4 17 Sept 2002 | 17 Sept 2002 | rep | Entries for Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia cina Berg, Artemisia maritime, Artemisia vulgaris. |
| Sch 1 | 62 | F2008B00807 19 Dec 2008 FSC4 17 Sept 2002 | 17 Sept 2002 | am | Typographical errors and omissions. |
| Sch 1 | 72 | F2008B00819 24 Dec 2008 FSC14 20 May 2004 | 20 May 2004 | ad | Entry for Manihot esculenta Crantz and related Editorial note for sweet cassava following the Schedule. |
| Sch 1 | 74 | F2008B00821 24 Dec 2008 FSC16 14 Oct 2004 | 14 Oct 2004 | ad | Entry for Nicotiana species. |
| Sch 1 | 103 | F2008L03741 9 Oct 2008 FSC45 9 Oct 2008 | 9 Oct 2008 | rep | Entries for Ammi visnaga, Conocybe siligineoides and Senecio aureus. |
| Sch 1 | 111 | F2009L03145 13 Aug 2009 FSC53 13 Aug 2009 | 13 Aug 2009 | rs | Entry for Ammi spp. |
| Sch 1 | 124 | F2011L01450 8 July 2011 FSC66 11 July 2011 | 11 July 2011 | rs | Entry for Pluteus spp. to correct a typographical error. |
| Sch 1 | 124 | F2011L01450 8 July 2011 FSC66 11 July 2011 | 11 July 2011 | rep | Asterisked footnote. |
| Sch 2 | 62 | F2008B00807 19 Dec 2008 FSC4 17 Sept 2002 | 17 Sept 2002 | ad | Entries for Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia cina Berg, Artemisia maritime, Artemisia vulgaris. |
| Sch 2 | 124 | F2011L01450 8 July 2011 FSC66 11 July 2011 | 11 July 2011 | rep | Asterisked footnote. |
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