Air Navigation Regulations (Amendment) (Cth)

STATUTORY RULES.

1937. No. 41.

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REGULATIONS UNDER THE AIR NAVIGATION ACT 1920-1936.*

I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the Air Navigation Act 1920-1936.

Dated this twenty-sixth day of April, 1937.

(SGD.) GOWRIE.

Governor-General.

By His Excellency’s Command,

Acting Minister of State for Defence.

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Amendment of Air Navigation Regulations. 

Height of marks.

1. Regulation 20 of the Air Navigation Regulations is amended—

(a) by omitting from paragraph (b)the word “of” (second occurring) and inserting in its stead the words “and on”; and

(b)by omitting from that paragraph the words “the fuselage or the body” and inserting in their stead the words “or the fuselage or body”.

Compliance with Rules as to lights, &c.

2.Regulation 64 of the Air Navigation Regulations is amended by omitting the words “Annex D to the Convention” and inserting in their stead the words “the First Schedule to these Regulations”.

Applications for licences, &c., and fees.

3.Regulation 68 of the Air Navigation Regulations is amended—

(a) by inserting, after the word “and”, the words “,in the case of an application for the grant of any licence or certificate,”; and

(b) by inserting, before the word “Schedule”, the word “Second”.

Custody of certificates and load-sheets.

4. Regulation 83 (first occurring) of the Air Navigation Regulations is re-numbered regulation 76a.

Carriage of explosives.

5. Regulation 79 of the Air Navigation Regulations is amended by omitting the words “Annex D to the Convention” and inserting in their stead the words “the First Schedule to these Regulations”.

Flights over prohibited areas forbidden.

6. Regulation 84 of the Air Navigation Regulations is amended by omitting the words “ paragraph 17 of Annex D to the Convention” and inserting in their stead the words “rule 18 contained in the First Schedule to these Regulations”.

 

* Notified in the Commonwealth Gazette on  , 1937.

  Statutory Rules 1936, No. 156, as amended by Statutory Rules 1936, No. 161.

392.—8/31.3.1937.—Price 8d.

Substitution of the Schedule.

7. The Schedule to the Air Navigation Regulations is repealed and the following Schedules inserted in its stead:—

“THE SCHEDULES.

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The First Schedule.

Regulation 64.

RULES AS TO LIGHTS AND SIGNALS AND RULES FOR AIR TRAFFIC.

Part I.—Preliminary.

Interpretation.

1.—(1.) In this Schedule, unless the contrary intention appears—

“by day” means between sunrise and sunset;

“by night” means between sunset and sunrise;

“landing” includes alighting on water and “to land” has a corresponding meaning;

“landing area” means that part of an aerodrome which is reserved for the departure and landing of aircraft;

“plane of symmetry,” in relation to an aircraft, means the plane of symmetry passing through the longitudinal axis of the aircraft; “rule” means a rule contained in this Schedule;

“visible,” in relation to lights, means visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere.

(2.) For the purposes of this Schedule, an aircraft shall be deemed to be—

(a) “on the surface of the water” when any part of the aircraft is in contact with the water;

(b) “under way” if, being in the air or on the surface of the water, it is not moored to the ground or to any fixed object on the land or in the water;

(c) “making way” if, being under way in the air or on the surface of the water, it has a velocity relative to the air or the water, as the case may be; and

(d)not “under control” when it is unable to manoeuvre as required by the rules contained in this Schedule or by the regulations for preventing collisions at sea.

(3.) In this Schedule, unless the contrary intention appears, the prescribed angular limits, as shown in the sketch plan of lights hereunder, shall be determined when the aircraft is in its normal attitude for flying on a rectilinear horizontal course.

SKETCH PLAN OF LIGHTS

Part II.—Rules as to Lights and Day Markings.

Compliance with rules as to lights.

2.—(1.) The provisions of these rules with respect to lights shall be complied with by aircraft in all weathers during the period from sunset to sunrise.

(2.) During such period, no other lights shall he displayed which may be mistaken for the lights required to be displayed in pursuance of this Schedule.

(3.) The lights required to be displayed shall not be dazzling.

Mechanically-driven aerodynes in the air or on the landing area.

3. (1.) Every mechanically-driven aerodyne, whether in the air or on the landing area of a land aerodrome, shall display lights as prescribed by this rule.

(2.) The aerodyne shall display, on the right side, a green light, fixed so as to show an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 5 miles in a dihedral angle of 110° formed by two vertical planes, one of which is parallel to the plane of symmetry and directed dead ahead, and the other is directed to the right.

(3.) The aerodyne shall display, on the left side, a red light, fixed so as to show an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 5 miles in a dihedral angle of 110° formed by two vertical planes one of which is parallel to the plane of symmetry and directed dead ahead and the other is directed to the left.

(4.) The aerodyne shall display, at the rear, a white light, fixed so as to show astern an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 3¼ miles in a dihedral angle of 140° formed by two vertical planes bisected by the plane of symmetry.

(5.) In the case where, in order to fulfil the above conditions, the single light has to be replaced by several lights, the field of visibility of each of these lights shall be so limited that only one can be seen at a time.

(6.) In the case of an aerodyne with a maximum span of less than 65½ feet, the lights prescribed in this rule may be combined in one or more lamps placed centrally, provided that the requirements of this rule as to colour and visibility are fulfilled.

Mechanically-driven aerodynes under way on the surface of the water.

4.—(1.) Every mechanically-driven aerodyne under way on the surface of the water shall display lights as prescribed by this rule.

(2.) If the aerodyne is under control, and is not being towed, the aerodyne shall display the lights specified in rule 3, and in addition, forward, a white light fixed so as to show forward an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 3¼ miles in a dihedral angle of 220° formed by two vertical planes and bisected by the plane of symmetry.

(3.) If the aerodyne is being towed, the aerodyne shall display the lights specified in rule 3.

(4.) If the aerodyne is not under control, the aerodyne shall display two red lights, placed where they can best be seen, one vertically over the other not less than 3½ feet apart and visible so far as practicable all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles and, in addition—

(a) If it is making way, the lights specified in rule 3; or

(b) If it is not making way, the light specified in sub-rule (4.) of rule 3.

Mechanically-driven aerodynes at anchor or moored on the surface of the water.

5.—(1.) Every mechanically-driven aerodyne whether at anchor or moored on the surface of the water shall display lights as prescribed by this rule.

(2.) In every ease, the aerodyne shall display, forward centrally where it can best be seen, a red light 3½ feet vertically above a white light, both to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1¼ miles.

(3.) If the aircraft is 147 feet or upwards in length, the aircraft shall display a white light at or near its stern at a lower height than the forward lights and visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1¼ miles.

(4.) If the maximum span of the aircraft is 147 feet or more, the aircraft shall display, in addition to the lights specified in sub-rule (2.) or those specified in sub-rules (2.) and (3.) of this rule, a white light on each side, placed in such a manner as to demarcate the maximum lateral dimension of the aircraft, and visible so far as practicable all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1¼ miles.

Gliders.

6. In all cases in which under the rules contained in this Part mechanically-driven aerodynes are required to display lights, gliders shall display a white light visible, so far as practicable, in all directions.

Free balloons.

7. A free balloon shall display a white light placed at least 16½ feet and atmost 32 feet below the basket and visible so far as practicable in all directions at a distance of at least 2 miles.

Captive balloons and kites.

8.—(1.) A captive balloon or a kite shall display a white light placed 13 feet vertically above a red light, these lights being visible so far as practicable in all directions at a distance of at least 2 miles. The upper white light shall be placed at least 16½ feet and at most 32 feet below the basket or, if there is no basket, below the lowest part of the balloon or kite.

(2.) In addition to the lights specified in sub-rule (1.) of this rule there shall be displayed, from the mooring cable, at intervals of 1000 feet measured from the group of two lights mentioned in that sub-rule, similar groups of two white and red lights. If the lowest group of lights is obscured by clouds, one additional group shall be displayed below the cloud base. In addition, the position of the object to which the balloon is moored on the ground shall be marked by a similar group of two lights white and red.

(3.) By day, the mooring cable of a captive balloon shall have attached to it at intervals of not more than 325 feet measured from the basket or, if there is no basket, from the lowest part of the balloon, tubular streamers not less than 8 inches in diameter and 7 feet long, and marked with alternate bands of white and red, 20 inches in width.

(4.) By day, the mooring cable of a kite shall be marked—

(a)in the manner prescribed in the last preceding sub-rule for a captive balloon; or

(b) by streamers of stout paper at intervals of 160 feet measured from the lowest part of the kite, the streamers being at least 32 inches long and at least one foot wide at their widest part and marked with alternate bands, 4 inches in width, of white and red.

Airships under way.

9.—(1.) Except as provided in rule 10, an airship when under way shall display lights as prescribed by this rule.

(2.) The airship shall display, forward, a white light, fixed so as to show forward an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 5 miles in a dihedral angle of 220° formed by two vertical planes and bisected by the plane of symmetry.

(3.) The airship shall display, on the right side, a green light, fixed so as to show an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 5 miles in a dihedral angle of 110° formed by two vertical planes, one of which planes is parallel to the plane of symmetry and directed dead ahead, and the other is directed to the right.

(4.) On the left side, the airship shall display a red light, fixed so as to show an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 5 miles in a dihedral angle of 110° formed by two vertical planes, one of which planes is parallel to the plane of symmetry, and directed dead ahead, and the other is directed to the left.

(5.) At the rear, the airship shall display a white light fixed so as to show astern an unbroken light visible at a distance of at least 3¼miles in a dihedral angle of 140° formed by two vertical planes and bisected by the plane of symmetry.

(6.) In the case where, in order to fulfil the requirements of this rule, the single light has to be replaced by several lights, the field of visibility of each of these lights shall be so limited that only one can be seen at a time.

Airships under way but not under control, &c.

10.—(1.) An airship which is under way, and which is not under control, or which has voluntarily stopped its engines, or which is being towed, shall display the forward and rear lights specified in sub-rules (2.) and (5.) of rule 9, and, in addition, below the airship, two red lights placed one vertically below the other, 13 feet apart, the top light being 26 feet below the control car, both visible, so far as practicable, in all directions at a distance of not less than 2 miles.

(2.) In addition to the lights specified in the last preceding sub-rule, the airship shall, if making way, but not otherwise, display the side lights specified in sub-rules (3.) and (4.) of rule 9.

(3.) By day, the airship shall display two black balls or shapes, each at least 2 feet in diameter placed one vertically below the other 13 feet apart and visible so far as practicable in all directions. Where necessary, to comply with these conditions, these signals may be duplicated.

Moored airships.

11.—(1.) An airship when moored to a mooring mast shall display at or near the rear a white light visible so far as practicable in all directions at a distance of at least 3¼ miles.

(2.) Every airship moored to the ground or the surface of the water by a cable shall display forward the white light specified in sub-rule (2.) of rule 9, at the rear, the white light specified in sub-rule (5.) of rule 9 and, in addition, the airship and the mooring cable shall be lighted or marked in accordance with the requirements of rule 8 for a captive balloon.

(3.) An airship while picking up its moorings shall be considered as being under way and not being under control until it is finally made fast.

Failure of lights.

12.—(l.) In the event of the failure of any light which is required by these rules to be displayed by aircraft in flight, the aircraft concerned shall, if the light cannot be repaired or replaced in flight, land as soon as it can do so without danger.

(2.) Where, owing to the difficulty of producing lamps to meet the requirements of these rules as regards sector lights, an overlap of these lights is unavoidable, the overlap shall be kept as low as possible, and a light shall be visible in every sector.

Special rules for military aircraft, &c.

13. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by any Contracting State with respect to the additional station or signal lights for military aircraft or for aircraft in group formation, or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by owners of aircraft, which have been authorized by their respective Governments, and published.

Part III.—Rules as to Signals.

Voluntary landings at aerodromes at night.

14.—(1.) An aircraft wishing to land at night, without being compelled to do so, on an aerodrome having a ground control shall, before landing, make intermittent signals either with a lamp or a projector (other than the navigation lights) or with any sound apparatus and shall, in addition, make by international Morse code, by means of phonetic or luminous signals, the two-letter group composed of the first letter and the last letter of the five-letter group constituting its nationality and registration marks.

(2.) Permission to land shall be given by the same two-letter sign from the ground, made with a green light and followed by intermittent signals of the same colour.

(3.) In the case of an aerodyne which has alighted at night on a sea aerodrome having a ground control, permission to proceed to the normal arrival point shall be given by signals similar to those specified in sub-rule (2.) of this rule, except that the signals shall be made with a white light.

Instructions to aircraft not to land.

15. The firing of a red pyrotechnical light or the display of a red flare from the ground shall be taken as an instruction that aircraft are not to land.

Aircraft compelled to land at night.

16. An aircraft compelled to land at night shall before landing make with its navigation lights a series of short and intermittent flashes.

Aircraft in danger and requesting assistance.

17. When an aircraft is threatened by grave imminent danger and requests immediate assistance, the following shall be the signals of distress to be used or displayed, either together or separately:—

(a)The international signal · · · – – – · · · by means of visual or radiotelegraphic signals.

(b) The international distress call MAY DAY (corresponding to the French pronunciation of the expression “m’aider”) by means of radiotelephony.

(c) The international code flag signal of distress, indicated by NC.

(d)The distant signal, consisting of a square flag having either above or below it a ball, or anything resembling a ball.

(e) A continuous sounding with any sound apparatus.

(f) A signal, consisting of a succession of white pyrotechnical lights fired at short intervals.

Urgency signals.

18.—(1.) The visual urgency signals shall consist of a succession of green pyrotechnical lights or of a succession of green flashes made with daylight signalling apparatus.

(2.) In radiotelegraphy, the urgency signal shall consist of several repetitions of the group XXX,* sent with the letters of each group and the successive groups clearly separated from each other.

  

* In radiotelephony, there is no special signal having the exact signification of XXX.

(3.) The signals referred to in sub-rules (1.) and (2.) of this rule, sent before the call, shall be followed by visual signalling in the case of the signals referred to in sub-rule (1.), and by a radiotelegraph communication in the case of the signal referred to in sub-rule (2.). The use of one of these signals shall indicate that the station calling has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of the aircraft or of any person on board, or the safety of any ship or aircraft or person within range of assistance.

(4.) In the radioelectric service of aeronautics, the expression PAN (corresponding to the French pronunciation of the word “panne”) shall be used as the urgency signal in radiotelegraphy and in radiotelephony when an aircraft station wishes to give notice that the aircraft is in difficulties and about to land compulsorily, but does not consider it necessary to ask for immediate assistance by using the distress signal · · · – – – · · · or MAYDAY.

(5.) When, owing to the rapidity of the manoeuvres to be accomplished, an aircraft is unable to transmit the intended message, the signal PAN, not followed by a message, shall be deemed to retain the meaning prescribed in sub-rule (4.) of this rule.

(6.) When radiotelegraphy is used to transmit the signal mentioned in the last preceding sub-rule, the three letters shall be well separated so that the signals AN are not transformed into one signal P.

(7.) The urgency signal shall be transmitted only with the authorization of the commander or person responsible for the aircraft.

(8.) In radiotelegraphy, the safety signal shall consist of three repetitions of the group TTT, transmitted with the letters of each group and the successive groups well separated. This signal shall be followed by the word DE and by the call sign, three times repeated, of the station which emits it and shall indicate that the station is about to transmit a message concerning the safety of navigation or giving important information relative to meteorological warning messages.

(9.) In radiotelephony, the word SÉCURITÉ (corresponding to the French pronunciation of the word “sécurité”) repeated three times, shall be used as the safety signal.

Warnings to aircraft near prohibited areas.

19. To warn an aircraft that it is in the vicinity of a prohibited area and should change its course, the following signals shall be used:—

(a)By day, three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds, each showing on bursting white smoke, the location of the burst indicating the direction the aircraft should follow; and

(b) By night, three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds showing on bursting white lights or stars, the location of the burst indicating the direction the aircraft should follow.

Signals requiring aircraft to land.

20.—(1.) To require an aircraft to land, the following signals shall be used:—

(a) By day, three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds, each showing on bursting black or yellow smoke; and

(b) By night, three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds showing on bursting green lights or stars.

(2.) In addition to the signals specified in the last preceding sub-rule, if it is necessary to distinguish among several aircraft the aircraft which is to land, a searchlight, flashed intermittently, shall be directed towards the aircraft which is to land.

Signals in fog, &c.

21. In fog, mist, falling snow or heavy rainstorm, whether by day or night, an aircraft on the water shall make the following sound signals:—

(a)If not anchored or moored, a sound at intervals of not more than two minutes, consisting of two blasts of about five seconds’ duration with an interval of about one second between them; or

(b) If at anchor or moored, the rapid ringing of an efficient bell or gong for about five seconds, at intervals of not more than one minute.

Part IV.—General Rules for Air Traffic.

Eight of way.

22. Subject to the provisions of rule 45, mechanically-driven aerodynes shall always give way to non-mechanically-driven aerodynes and to aerostats, and mechanically-driven aerostats to non-mechanically driven aerostats or aerodynes.

Airships not under control.

23. An airship when not under control shall, for the purposes of the application of the rules contained in this Part, be classed as a free balloon.

Ascertainment of risk of collision.

24.—(1.) Risk of collision may, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing and angle of elevation of an approaching aircraft.

(2.) If neither the bearing nor the angle of elevation appreciably change, risk of collision shall be deemed to exist.

Definition of risk of collision.

25.—(1.) The term “risk of collision” shall include all risk of accident due to undue proximity of other aircraft.

(2.) Every aircraft which is required by these rules to give way to another to avoid collision shall keep a safe distance, having regard to the circumstances of the case.

Manoeuvring of mechanically-driven aircraft.

26. While observing the rules regarding risk of collision contained in rule 25, a mechanically-driven aircraft shall always manoeuvre according to the rules contained in this Part, as soon as it is apparent that, if it pursued its course, it would pass at a distance of less than 220 yards from any part of another aircraft.

Mechanically-driven aircraft meeting end on.

27. When two mechanically-driven aircraft are meeting end on or nearly end on, each shall alter its course to the right.

Mechically-driven aircraft crossing.

28. When two mechanically-driven aircraft are on courses which cross, the aircraft which has the other on its own right side shall keep out of the way of the other.

Aircraft overtaking another.

29.—(1.) An aircraft overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken aircraft by altering its own course to the right, and shall not pass by diving.

(2.) Every aircraft coming up with another aircraft from any direction more than 110° from ahead of the latter, that is to say, in such a position with reference to the aircraft which it is overtaking that at night it would be unable to see either of that aircraft’s side lights, shall be deemed to be an overtaking aircraft, and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two aircraft shall make the overtaking aircraft a crossing aircraft within the meaning of these rules, or relieve it of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken aircraft until it is finally past and clear.

(3.) As by day the overtaking aircraft cannot always know with certainty whether it is forward or abaft the direction mentioned in the last preceding sub-rule from the other aircraft, the aircraft shall, if in doubt, assume that it is an overtaking aircraft and keep out of the way.

Action to be taken by aircraft having right of way.

30.—(1.) Where, by any of these rules, one of two aircraft is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep its course and speed.

(2.) When, in consequence of thick weather or other causes, the aircraft having the right of way finds itself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the giving-way aircraft alone, it shall take such action as will best aid to avert collision.

Aircraft not having right of way to avoid crossing.

31. Every aircraft which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another aircraft shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.

Air traffic routes.

32. In order to obviate the increased risk of collision which exists on air traffic routes, the following rules shall, so far as it is safe and practicable, be observed when flying on or in the vicinity of such routes:—

(a)Every aircraft when flying by compass along the straight line (rhumb line) joining two points on an air traffic route in common use, shall keep such line at least 550 yards on its left;

(b) Every aircraft following an air traffic route, which has been officially recognized, shall keep such route at least 350 yards on its left;

(c) Every aircraft which, in the vicinity of a route frequented by aircraft, is following a line of landmarks such as a road, railway, river, canal or coastline, or the like, shall keep such line of landmarks at least 350 yards on its left;

(d)An aircraft shall not fly keeping any of the lines or routes referred to in this rule on its right, except at a distance therefrom sufficient to avoid aircraft following such lines or routes in accordance with these rules;

(e) When crossing one of the lines or routes referred to in this rule, an aircraft shall cross it at right angles as rapidly as possible and as high as reasonably practicable; and

(f) In the case of flights in group formation, the aircraft of the leader of the group shall be responsible for leading the flight in such a manner that every aircraft in the group can comply with the provisions of this rule.

Aircraft not to “take off” if risk of collision.

33. All aircraft on land or sea about to ascend shall not attempt to “take off” until there is no risk of collision with alighting aircraft.

Aircraft in cloud, fog, &c.

34.—(1.) Every aircraft in a cloud, fog, mist or other conditions of bad visibility shall proceed with caution, having careful regard to the existing circumstances.

(2.) Every aircraft when flying beneath clouds shall always do so, so far as it is safe and practicable, at such a distance below the clouds as will enable it readily to see and be seen.

Position of pilots in mechanically-driven aerodynes.

35. To permit of the application of the rules contained in this Part, the pilot of a mechanically-driven aerodyne shall, save in exceptional circumstances, be placed either in the plane of symmetry of the aerodyne or on the left-hand side of such plane.

Part V.—Ballast.

Ballast.

36. No ballast other than fine sand or water shall be dropped from aircraft in the air.

Part VI.—Special Rules FOR Air Traffic on and in the Vicinity of Aerodromes Open to Public Use.

Division 1.—Preliminary.

Application of Part VI.

37. The rules contained in this Part apply only to aerodromes for mechanically-driven aerodynes which are referred to in this Part by the single word “aerodynes”.

Division 2.—Aerodromes for LAND Aerodynes.

Application of Division 2.

38. The rules contained in this Division shall apply in respect of aerodromes for land aerodynes.

Turnings to be left-handed.

39. If an aerodyne starting from or about to land on an aerodrome makes a circuit or partial circuit, the turning shall be made clear of the landing area and shall be left handed (anti-clockwise) so that during the circuit the landing area is always on the left of the aerodyne.

Height of flights over landing areas.

40.—(1.) Unless there exist special local regulations, an aerodyne shall not, except when departing or landing, fly over a landing area at a lower height than 6,600 feet.

(2.) Every aerodyne flying outside the landing area at a distance of less than 2½ miles from the nearest point of such area, shall, unless it is flying at a greater height than 6,600 feet, keep the landing area on its left.

Acrobatic landings.

41.—(1.) Acrobatic landings shall not be performed at aerodromes.

(2.) Aerodynes shall not engage in aerial aerobatics in the vicinity of aerodromes, at a distance of less than 2½ miles from the nearest point of the perimeter of the aerodrome, unless they are flying at a greater height than 6,600 feet.

Wind and other indicators at aerodromes.

42.—(1.) At every aerodrome the direction of the wind at the landing area shall be clearly indicated by one or more of the following methods, namely, a landing T, conical streamers (wind-sleeve), or smudge fire indicating wind direction.

(2.) If a landing T is used, it shall be so placed that the long arm lies along the direction of the wind, with the cross arm at the end of the long arm set towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.

(3.) In the event of there being no wind, the landing T, if used, shall be fixed in the direction in which the landing is to be made and the fact that it is fixed may be signalled by the use of a red square panel placed horizontally each side of which measures at least 10 feet and in the centre of which is arranged a yellow square panel the sides of which measure at least 3½ feet and are parallel to those of the red square panel.

(4.) When the bad state of the landing area calls for the observance of certain precautions in landing, that fact may be indicated by a red square panel placed horizontally, each side of which measures at least 10 feet, and a part of which is covered by yellow triangular panels so as to leave apparent only a red isosceles triangle each side of which measures at least 10 feet.

(5.) When special circumstances call for a formal and continuous prohibition to land, that fact may be indicated by a red square panel placed horizontally, each side of which measures at least 10 feet, and the diagonals of which are covered by yellow rectangular panels arranged in the form of an X.

(6.) The signals mentioned in this rule shall be placed, so far as practicable, near the landing T or wind-sleeve, and they shall not be used to indicate any fact other than those mentioned in this rule.

Aerodynes to take off or alight upwind.

43.—(1.) Every aerodyne when taking off or alighting on an aerodrome shall do so upwind, except when the natural conditions of the aerodrome do not permit or in the event of there being no wind.

(2.) In the event of there being no wind, every aerodyne, when taking-off or landing, shall do so in the direction indicated by an appropriate signal, or, if there is a landing T, in the direction indicated by that T.

Aerodynes approaching an aerodrome for the purpose of landing.

44. In the case of two aerodynes approaching an aerodrome tor the purpose of landing, the aerodyne flying at the greater height shall be responsible for avoiding the aerodyne at the lower height, and shall, as regards landing, observe the provisions of rule 29 for passing.

Free way to aircraft about to land.

45. Aircraft about to land on an aerodrome shall be given free way.

Manoeuvring on aerodromes.

46.—(1.) At every aerodrome, along the perimeter and at the approaches to the hangars, a neutral zone shall be set apart for aircraft manoeuvring on the ground.

(2.) The landing area shall be as large as possible.

(3.) Every aerodyne when landing or taking off, shall do so in conformity with the provisions of rule 43, and leaving clear on its left any aerodyne which has already landed or which is taking off or about to take off.

(4.) Every aerodyne moving on the ground in the landing area shall do so in the direction of landing:

Provided that, in the case of any aerodrome specified by the Board, an aerodyne which after landing has come to rest on the landing area may move by the shortest route across the landing area to the nearest point of the neutral zone on its left, if there is no risk of collision with any aircraft on the left of the aerodyne.

Rules to apply at night.

47.—(1.) The rules contained in this Part shall apply equally at night on aerodromes.

(2.) The direction for landing shall, as far as possible, be indicated by a luminous T, an illuminated wind-sleeve, or failing these, by three white lights forming an isosceles triangle whose base shall be about 220 yards long and whose height shall be at least twice the base.

(3.) The lights forming the triangle shall be so placed as to indicate that an aerodyne shall land in the direction leading from the centre of the base to the light at the apex, the base indicating the place where it should come into contact with the ground, and the apex, the place which it is best not to overrun.

Fixed balloons, &c. not to be elevated near aerodromes.

48. Except with the authority of the Board first obtained, a. fixed balloon, kite or moored airship shall not be elevated in the vicinity of any aerodrome.

Temporary suspension of rules.

49.—(1.) The Board may, in respect of any specified aerodrome, temporarily suspend, either wholly or in part, the application of the rules contained in this Part.

(2.) Every such suspension shall be indicated as follows:—

(a) By day, by a red square panel, each side of which measures at least 10 feet, placed horizontally in proximity to the signal indicating the direction of the wind; and

(b)By night, by a similar panel placed in like manner, the sides of which are marked by red lights.

Division 3.—Aerodromes for Sea Aerodynes.

Application of certain rules by day.

50. The provisions of rules 51 to 56 (inclusive) shall apply, by day, in respect of aerodromes for sea aerodynes.

Circuits to be left-handed.

51. If an aerodyne starting from or about to laud on the landing area makes a circuit or partial circuit, the circuit or partial circuit shall be left-handed (anti-clockwise).

Height of flights over landing areas.

52.—(1.) Unless there exist special local regulations, an aerodyne shall not, except when landing or departing, fly over a landing area at a lower height than 2,300 feet.

(2.) Every aerodyne flying outside the landing area at a distance of less than 2½ miles from the nearest point of such area shall, unless it is flying at a greater height than 2,300 feet, keep the landing area on its left.

Wind indicators.

53.—(1.) At every aerodrome the direction of the wind at the landing area shall be clearly indicated by one or more of the following methods, namely, a landing T, conical streamer (wind-sleeve) or smoke-producing wind indicator.

(2.) If a landing T is used, it shall he so placed that the long arm lies along the direction of the wind, with the cross arm at the end of the long arm set towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.

(3.) In the event of there being no wind, the landing T, if used, shall be fixed in the direction in which the landing is to be made and the fact that it is fixed may be signalled by the use of a red square panel placed horizontally, each side of which measures at least 10 feet, in the centre of which is arranged a yellow square panel the sides of which measure at least 3½ feet, and are parallel to those of the red square panel.

(4.) When special circumstances call for a formal and continued prohibition to land, that fact may be indicated by a red square panel, placed horizontally, each side of which measures at least 10 feet and the diagonals of which are covered by yellow rectangular panels arranged in the form of an X.

(5.) The signals mentioned in this rule shall be placed, so far as practicable, near the landing T or wind sleeve and they shall not be used to indicate any fact other than those mentioned in this rule.

Aerodynes to take-off or land upwind.

54.—(1.) Every aerodyne when taking-off from or landing on the landing area shall do so up-wind except when conditions do not permit or in the event of there being no wind.

(2.) In the event of there being no wind, every aerodyne, when taking-off or landing, shall do so in the direction indicated by the landing T, if there is one, or, if none exists, in the direction indicated by another appropriate signal.

Free way to aerodynes about to land.

55.—(1.) Aerodynes about to land shall be given free way.

(2.) Once an aerodyne has landed it shall give way to an aerodyne landing or about to take-off.

(3.) An aerodyne having landed and slowed down to a speed at which it can easily be manoeuvred on the water may proceed towards the normal arrival point; but in so doing, it shall turn to the left and approach the arrival point without crossing the landing area.

Aerodynes landing or taking-off.

56. Every aerodyne when landing or taking-off shall do so in conformity with the provisions of rule 54, leaving clear on its left any aerodyne which has already landed, and leaving as much space as possible on its right for another aerodyne to land or take-off.

Rules at night.

57. The provisions of rules 51 to 56 shall apply equally at night with the following additions and modifications:—

(a) When an aerodyne has landed at a sea aerodrome having a control, it shall come to rest and await the signal provided for in sub-rule (3.) of rule 14; and in proceeding afterwards to the normal arrival point, the aerodyne shall turn to the left and approach the arrival point without crossing the landing area;

(b) A sea aerodrome, regularly used for night flying shall be delimited and lighted in the manner most appropriate to local conditions, and, if possible, the direction of the wind at the landing area shall be clearly indicated by one of the recognized methods.

Rules applying both by day and by night.

58. The provisions of rules 44, 48 and 49 shall apply equally, both by day and by night, to aerodromes for sea aerodynes.

Part VII.—General.

Regulations for preventing collisions at sea to be conformed to by aircraft on water.

59.—(1.) Every aircraft manœuvering under its own power on the water shall conform to the regulations for preventing collisions at sea.

(2.) For the purposes of those regulations, an aircraft shall be deemed to be a steam-vessel, but the aircraft shall only carry the lights specified in the rules contained in this Schedule, and not those specified for steam-vessels in the regulations for preventing collisions at sea, and shall not use, except as specified in rules 17 and 21 of this Schedule, or be deemed to hear, the sound signals specified in the regulations for preventing collisions at sea.

In conforming with rules, regard to be had to dangers of navigation, &c.

60. In conforming with the rules contained in Parts IV. and VI. of this Schedule, due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision, to any special circumstances which may render a departure from these rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger, and, in particular, to the fact that steam vessels in narrow channels are not able to manoeuvre so as to avoid collisions with aircraft.

Consequences of neglect of rules as to lights, &c.

61.Nothing in this Schedule shall exonerate any aircraft, or the owner, pilot or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect in the use of lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper lookout, or of the neglect of any precaution required by the ordinary practice of the air, or by the special circumstances of the case.

Special rules regarding navigation in vicinity of aerodromes, &c.

62. Nothing in this Schedule shall interfere with the operation of any special rule or rules duly made and published relative to navigation of aircraft in the immediate vicinity of any aerodrome or other place, and it shall be obligatory on all owners, pilots, or crews of aircraft to obey such rules.

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“The Second Schedule.

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Regulation 68.

FEES.

Air worthiness of aircraft.

1.The fee payable for the grant of a certificate of type approval for a complete aircraft shall be £5 5s.

Personnel.

2.—(1.) A fee of £2 2s. shall be payable in respect of the theoretical examination for any navigator’s licence.

(2.) A fee of £1 1s. shall be payable in respect of each flying test for any pilot’s licence.

(3.) In addition to the fee payable in respect of a flying test for any pilot’s licence, a fee of £2 2s. shall be payable for the theoretical examination and flying test for an authorization as a flying instructor.”.

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By Authority: L. F. Johnston, Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra.