Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Amendment Determination 2024

Explanatory Statement

Issued by the Authority of the Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government

Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018

Road Vehicle Standards Rules 2019

Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Amendment Determination 2024

The Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Amendment Determination 2024 (the amending Determination) is made under section 12 of the Road Vehicle Standards Rules 2019 (the RVS Rules).

Purpose

The purpose of this amending Determination is to amend the Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Determination 2021 (RAV Determination):

(a) to more accurately reflect the current operation of the ROVER system[1], to clarify the definition of vehicle power, insert a new definition of a Safer Freight Vehicle, and stipulate the information that must be included on the Register of Approved Vehicles (RAV) for a vehicle that is a Safer Freight Vehicle; and

(b) to stipulate the information that must be included on the RAV for vehicles that are covered by the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard Act 2024 (the NVES Act).

Background

1.       Safer Freight Vehicles & miscellaneous minor amendments

The Safer Freight Vehicle package of Australian Design Rules (ADRs) was released by the Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government in September 2023. It included new and amended ADRs, and amendments to definitions.

The Safer Freight Vehicle package increased the maximum allowable width for NB2 and NC sub-category goods vehicles to 2,550 mm, provided that these vehicles comply with certain national road vehicle standards.

The national road vehicle standard requirements that allow sub-category NB2 vehicles and category NC vehicles to exceed an overall width of 2,500 mm are contained within Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 43/04 – Vehicle Configuration and Dimensions) 2006 or a later version.

Changes to the RAV Determination are required to allow for Safer Freight Vehicle information to be entered on the RAV. In addition, the amendments make small changes to definitions that remove reference to the National Exchange of Vehicle and Driver Information System (NEVDIS), add ROVER, and amend the ‘maximum engine power’ fields. Changes have also been made to the information that must be added to the RAV by authorised vehicle verifiers (AVVs) to reduce the likelihood of erroneous data being entered.

1.       Changes due to the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard

The NVES Act became law on 31 May 2024 and will lower the emissions from new cars for Australians and support the Government’s commitment to achieve net zero by 2050. While the NVES Act will come into effect on 1 January 2025, the obligations under the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard (NVES) will commence on 1 July 2025. This will require vehicle suppliers to provide the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts (DITRDCA) new vehicle data through the Road Vehicle Regulator’s ROVER information system.

The amendments to the RAV Determination are essential as the NVES Act requires vehicle suppliers to enter the CO2 value onto the RAV for each NVES-covered vehicle. It also requires the entry of each vehicle’s mass in running order (MIRO), which is used to provide weight-based adjustments to individual vehicle emissions targets. This allows the CO2 “score” for each fleet of vehicles to be calculated each year (known as the Interim Emissions Value (IEV) in the NVES Act). The proposed amending Determination sets out the information that vehicle suppliers will need to provide, to allow the IEV to be calculated.

Summary

The amending Determination contains two sets of amendments.

Schedule 1 amends the RAV Determination, once the amending Determination is registered, to:

• Replace several references to ‘the National Exchange of Vehicle and Driver Information System’ with references to ‘the Departmental regulatory system, ‘ROVER,’ to accurately reflect that the ROVER system now performs the functions previously performed by NEVDIS.
• Repeal the definition of maximum engine power and replace it with a definition of power (kW), which explicitly references UN Regulation 85, and defines how power is to be measured for vehicles with two or more propulsion units. A definition of SAE J2908 202301 is also provided as this standard can assist with the calculation of power for vehicles with two or more propulsion units.
• Provide definitions of a Safer Freight Vehicle, maximum overall width, maximum permissible overall width and a Safer Freight Vehicle Identification Code and stipulate the information that must be included on the RAV for vehicles that are Safer Freight Vehicles.
• Change the information required for the name of the holder of the Registered Automotive Workshop (RAW) approval for vehicles added to the RAV by authorised vehicle verifiers (AVVs).
• Remove the requirement for Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) to be included on the RAV for some categories of vehicles.

Schedule 2 amends the RAV Determination from 1 July 2025 to:

• Add new definitions to include the terms carbon dioxide emissions, mass in running order, and NVES Vehicle Type.
• Require the entry of the rated towing capacity for MC – off-road passenger vehicles.
• Require the mandatory inclusion of new data on the RAV by suppliers for certain vehicle categories covered by the NVES Act. This data is each vehicle’s carbon dioxide emissions, designated mass in running order, NVES vehicle type and where relevant the vehicle’s rated towing capacity.

Legislative authority

The Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018 (the RVS Act) and the RVS Rules provide a modern framework for the Commonwealth to regulate, among other matters, the importation and the first provision of road vehicles in Australia. It includes measures to manage the risks associated with road vehicles and road vehicle components. Such measures are designed to ensure that road vehicles and approved road vehicle components provided in Australia meet certain safety, anti‑theft and environmental standards. The Act also gives effect to Australia’s obligations regarding the harmonisation of international road vehicle standards.

Paragraph 82(1)(a) of the RVS Act empowers the Minister, by legislative instrument, to make rules prescribing matters required or permitted by that Act to be prescribed, or necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to that Act.

Subsection 33(3) of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901 provides, in part, that the power to amend rules is conferred by the same power to make those rules.

The amending Determination is made under section 12 of the RVS Rules. Section 12 of the RVS Rules allows the Minister to determine, by legislative instrument, the information that must be included on the RAV in relation to a vehicle.

Purpose and operation of the instrument

Overview of the RVS Act and RVS Rules

The primary purpose of the RVS Rules sets out matters that support the regulatory framework of the RVS Rules. It provides for the keeping of the RAV, on which a road vehicle must be entered before it may be provided for the first time in Australia (section 24 of the RVS Act).

Operation of the amending Determination

The amending Determination has two Schedules, each of which makes amendments for distinct purposes.

Schedule 1

This Schedule of the amending Determination makes a number of amendments to the RAV Determination to allow for Safer Freight Vehicle information to be entered on the RAV, as well as to clarify certain other RAV information and to ensure the accuracy of RAV data. As part of this, references to the NEVDIS are removed from the RAV Determination, as these references are no longer correct. The DITRDCA’s ROVER system is performing those roles.

The amending Determination repeals the definition of maximum engine power and replaces it with power (kW). The repealed definition should have referenced UN R85 but this was left out in error. This omission has been corrected by the new definition. A further shortcoming of the repealed definition was that it lacked one combined power value for hybrid powered vehicles or others with more than one propulsion unit. With these vehicles it is frequently the case that the individual propulsion units are not capable of delivering their maximum power to the drive train simultaneously, meaning that the maximum power output of the vehicle at any point may be less than the sum of the maximum power outputs of the separate propulsion units. A further complication is that in the automotive industry it is common practice to define power in terms of ‘net power’, meaning the power output from the engine as measured from the crankshaft. Measuring power at another location such as the wheels will give a different result, due to the effect of friction.

To address these issues, the new definition of power for hybrid vehicles references a standard SAE J2908 202301 that is designed to provide a measurement of power for vehicles with more than one propulsion unit that is comparable to net power. As this standard is not freely available, this definition has been worded as a guide only, rather than mandating its use.

The information required to be provided by AVVs for name of the holder of the RAW approval has been changed to the RAW approval number to allow the DITRDCA’s ROVER system to check for accuracy.

In late 2023, various legislated amendments to the national road vehicle standards were made and now permit an increase to the maximum allowable width of NB2 and NC category goods vehicles, provided that these vehicles comply with the requirements of these amended standards. Complying vehicles are known as the Safer Freight Vehicles. The previous national road vehicle standards restricted the maximum width of any vehicle to 2,500 mm. As part of 2023 reforms, Safer Freight Vehicles were designated to have a maximum allowable width of 2,550 mm.

In order to be classified as a Safer Freight Vehicle and be eligible for the additional width, a vehicle is required to:

1.        comply with:
   1.       the Australian Design Rule 14/03 – Devices for Indirect Vision, or a later version;
   2.       the Australian Design Rule 35/07 – Commercial Vehicle Brake Systems, or a later version;
   3.       except for vehicles with four or more ‘Axles’ and vehicles ‘designed for off-road use’ (see note below), the Australian Design Rule 97/00 – Advanced Emergency Braking for Omnibuses, and Medium and Heavy Goods Vehicles, or a later version; and
   4.       except for vehicles with four or more ‘Axles’ and vehicles ‘designed for off-road use’ (see note below), the Australian Design Rule 99/00 – Lane Departure Warning Systems, or a later version; and
2.       unless the vehicle is a partially completed vehicle or prime mover:
   1.       comply with the Australian Design Rule 106/00 – Side Underrun Protection, or a later version;
   2.       be fitted with conspicuity markings to the rear, in accordance with the Australian Design Rule 13/00 – Installation of Lighting and Light Signalling Devices on other than L-Group Vehicles, or a later version; and
   3.       if more than 6,000 mm in Total Length, be fitted with conspicuity markings to both sides, in accordance with the Australian Design Rule 13/00 – Installation of Lighting and Light Signalling Devices on other than L-Group Vehicles, or a later version; and
3.        if the vehicle has a GVM over 8 tonnes:
   1.       comply with the Australian Design Rule 105/00 – Blind Spot Information Systems, or a later version, from 1 November 2025 for new model vehicles, and   1 February 2027 for all vehicles.

Note: For the definition of designed for off-road use see ADR 97/00 and ADR 99/00 (as applicable).

A Safer Freight Vehicle Identification Code has been devised to identify relevant information concerning Safer Freight Vehicles and corresponding approvals. The amending Determination requires the code to be entered on the RAV, so that safer freight vehicles can be properly identified when in service.

When a Safer Freight Vehicle is added to the RAV, the submission will need to include a Safer Freight Vehicle Identification Code that identifies the vehicle as a safer freight vehicle in accordance with the following information. The safer freight vehicle identification code uses the following format: SFV-XX-Y1Y1Y1Y1-Y2Y2Y2Y2, where:

1.        The leading string part ‘SFV’ is an abbreviation of the term Safer Freight Vehicle;
2.       The code ‘XX’ descriptor is used as follows:
   1.       PM – for prime mover vehicles;
   2.       CC – for chassis-cab vehicles;
   3.       IO – for a partially completed vehicle other than chassis-cab;
   4.       for other vehicle types comprising completed sub-category NB2 and category NC vehicles, the XX descriptor is not used.
3.        The code ‘Y1Y1Y1Y1’ descriptor is the maximum overall width (in mm) of the vehicle at the time of RAV entry. This is the manufacturer’s nominal value plus upper (positive) manufacturing tolerance, for the particular design variant, and is required for both complete and incomplete vehicles.
4.       The code ‘Y2Y2Y2Y2’ descriptor is the maximum permissible overall width (in mm) of the vehicle in accordance with the approval for its entry pathway under s15(2) of the RVS Act, at the time of RAV entry. Where this value does not differ from the ‘Y1Y1Y1Y1’, it is not entered.

The RAV Determination has been amended to include a definition of a Safer Freight Vehicle, maximum overall width, maximum permissible overall width and a definition of a Safer Freight Vehicle Identification Code. The amending Determination also lists the code itself as information that must be entered on the RAV when required.

The RAV Determination has been amended to remove the requirement for GVM to be included on the RAV for some categories of vehicles.

Schedule 1 of the amending Determination commences the day after registration on the Federal Register of Legislation.

A detailed explanation of Schedule 1 of the amending Determination is at Attachment A.

Schedule 2

The NVES Act applies to vehicles that have a GVM of less than or equal to 4.5 tonnes. As set out in the following table, it applies to five categories of light vehicle, which are classified into two NVES vehicle types under sections 13 and 14 of the NVES Act. This classification affects each vehicle’s emissions target. Section 16 further provides that certain vehicles are exempt from the NVES Act.

The carbon dioxide emissions from covered vehicles will be compared with the targets in the NVES Act to determine the annual CO2 scores for each supplier (known as the Interim Emissions Value). To calculate these figures, the NVES Act draws on certain information for vehicles that are entered on the RAV through the type approval pathway, as set out in the table below.

The amending Determination adds new fields into the RAV, which mandates the reporting of carbon dioxide emissions, mass in running order, rated towing capacity and NVES vehicle type for light vehicles. This inclusion will enable the DITRDCA to record data necessary to the provision of the NVES.

The inclusion of a new definition of carbon dioxide emissions in the amending Determination mandates the entry onto the RAV of a vehicle’s carbon dioxide emissions (in grams of carbon dioxide per kilometre) calculated in accordance with a national road vehicle standard that applies to the vehicle. The current vehicle standard that requires the calculation carbon dioxide emissions (rounded to the nearest whole number) is Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 81/02 – Fuel Consumption Labelling for Light Vehicles) 2008, which applies to MA, MB, MC and NA category vehicles. This standard was originally made under the now repealed Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989, and DITRDCA is considering options to amend ADR 81/02 and consider future ADRs that deal with emission standards, and how emissions for eligible NB vehicles might be calculated.

The inclusion of a new definition of mass in running order in the amending Determination mandates the entry onto the RAV of mass in running order calculated (as a whole number) in accordance with the meaning of this term in the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule – Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005, once it is included. The Department proposes to add a definition to this ADR before 1 July 2025, which will address some technical issues associated with certain vehicles that have their bodywork fitted after they are first entered on the RAV. Until this ADR is amended the term will have the same meaning as in the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 111/00 – Advanced Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2024, which has the following definition:

"Mass in running order" means the mass of the vehicle, with its fuel tank(s) filled to at least 90 per cent of its or their capacity/capacities, including the mass of the driver, fuel and liquids, fitted with the standard equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications and, when they are fitted, the mass of the bodywork, the cabin, the coupling and the spare wheel(s) as well as the tools.

The inclusion of a new definition of rated towing capacity in the amending Determination requires this information to be entered onto the RAV for MC category vehicles (off-road passenger vehicles) to determine whether they have a rated towing capacity that does or does not exceed three tonnes. The definition of rated towing capacity is found in the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule – Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005.

The inclusion of a new definition of NVES vehicle type in the amending Determination mandates the selection of vehicles as being either Type 1 vehicle, a Type 2 vehicle, or an exempt vehicle from the NVES. As the RAV does not cover all vehicle categories, there is also provision for those vehicles outside the NVES Act to be entered as “not applicable”.

The amending Determination also makes it clear that if a vehicle is exempt under NVES, it does not need to provide any of this additional NVES Act related information, other than its exempt status. Additionally any vehicle in a category that is not covered by the NVES Act would not need to enter this information either.

Consultation

The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts (the department) consulted industry before introducing the Safer Freight Vehicle regulatory package and the related amendments to the Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Determination 2021. This included consulting affected segments of industry to complete an Impact Analysis for the Safer Freight Vehicles legislation with the Office of Impact Analysis.

The department also consulted directly with a select group of light passenger vehicle industry bodies and representatives about amending the definition of ‘power (kW)’ for this instrument.

With regard to the amendment to information that authorised vehicle verifiers (AVVs) must provide when adding vehicles to the RAV, the department also communicated this change to AVVs through industry briefings ahead of the regulatory system update.

Regarding the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard (NVES) elements of this determination, the department consulted more than 120 automotive industry manufacturers and peak industry bodies during events held in June 2024 and through working groups. This is in addition to extensive public consultation on the NVES over 12 months, attracting some 11,000 submissions to consultation across that period.

In late July 2024, the department provided detailed descriptions of the proposed new data requirements to industry representatives, sought feedback and made changes based on that feedback including by making a change to the requirements around entering ‘rated towing capacity’ information on the RAV so that this field is only mandatory for MC category vehicles.

The automotive industry is impacted by this determination as it directly affects their ability to comply with the New Vehicle Efficiency Standard Act 2024 through a requirement to enter a vehicle’s carbon dioxide emissions number on the RAV.

Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights

A statement of compatibility with human rights for the purposes of Part 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011 is set out at Attachment B.

Attachment A

ATTACHMENT A—Overview of Provisions

Section by section explanation of the Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Amendment Determination 2024

Section 1: Name

Section 1 provides that the name of the instrument is the Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Amendment Determination 2024 (the amending Determination).

Section 2: Commencement

Section 2 provides that this instrument and the amendments in Schedule 1 commence on the day following its registration on the Federal Register of Legislative instruments, and that the amendments in Schedule 2 will commence on 1 July 2025.

Section 3: Authority

Section 3 provides that the instrument is made under the Road Vehicle Standards Rules 2019 (the Rules).

Section 4: Schedules

Section 4 provides that each instrument that is specified in a Schedule to this is amended or repealed as set out in the applicable items of the Schedule. Any other item in a Schedule has effect according to its terms.

Schedule 1—Amendments

Item 1— Subsection 5(1) (definition of ‘added by’ number)

This item omits ‘the National Exchange of Vehicle and Driver Information System’ and substitutes ‘the Departmental regulatory system, ‘ROVER,’.

Item 2— Subsection 5(1) (definition of ‘authorised by’ number)

This item omits ‘the National Exchange of Vehicle and Driver Information System’ and substitutes ‘the Departmental regulatory system, ‘ROVER,’.

Item 3— Subsection 5(1) (definition of maximum engine power)

This item repeals the definition of maximum engine power

Item 4— Subsection 5(1)

This item inserts the following new definitions: maximum overall width, maximum permissible overall width, Power (kW), SAE J2908 202301, Safer Freight Vehicle, Safer Freight Vehicle Identification Code. The full definition of Power (kW) is contained in the new section 5A inserted by item 6.  

Item 5— Subsection 5(2)

This item repeals the subsection and substitutes a list of expressions that have the same meaning as in the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule—Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005.

Item 6— After Section 5

This item adds a new section 5A providing a definition of power (kW).

New subsection 5A(2) refers to SAE J2908 202301 defined in subsection 5(1) as SAE International Information Report, Vehicle Power and Rated System Power Test for Electrified Powertrains (SAE Standard J2908_202301, as issued September 2017 and revised January 2023).

This SAE International Information Report (SAE Standard J2908_202301) provides test methods and determination options for evaluating the maximum wheel power and rated system power of vehicles with electrified vehicle powertrains. The standard is incorporated into the determination as at 17 January 2023. The standard can be accessed for a fee at www.sae.org/standards/content/J2908_202301. While not available free of charge, this standard is readily accessible and widely used by vehicle manufacturers and test facilities as part of their professional libraries.

Item 7— Section 10 (cell at table item 2, Column 1)

This item repeals the cell and substitutes vehicle categories MD4, ME, NB2 and NC.

Item 8— Section 10 (table item 7, Column 2)

This item omits ‘Maximum engine power’ and substitutes ‘Power (kW)’.

Item 9— Section 12 (table item 2, Column 3)

This item omits “name” and substitutes “RAW approval number (in the format RAW-XXXXXX)”.

Item 10— Section 12 (cell at table item 3, Column 1)

This item repeals the cell and substitutes vehicle categories MD4, ME, NB2 and NC.

Item 11— Section 12 (table item 9, Column 3)

This item omits ‘Maximum engine power’ and substitutes ‘Power (kW)’.

Item 12— Section 12 (note to the table)

This item omits ‘name’ and substitutes ‘RAW approval number’.

Item 13— After Division 3 of Part 2

This item adds a new division: ‘Division 4—Information required—Safer Freight Vehicles’.

New section 12A provides the purpose of the Division

For the purposes of paragraph 12(1)(a) of the Rules, this Division sets out the information that must be included on the RAV in relation to vehicles entered on the RAV that are Safer Freight Vehicles.

New section 12B outlines information that must be included on the RAV

Information must be included on the RAV in relation to a vehicle entered on the RAV if the vehicle is a Safer Freight Vehicle, and the information is specified in an item in the table contained in the division.

Item 14— Section 14

This item omits “10 and 12” and substitutes “10, 12 and 12B”.

This ensures the information specified in new section 12B is publicly accessible.

Schedule 2 – Amendments

Item 1— Subsection 5(1)

This item inserts the following new definitions: carbon dioxide emissions, mass in running order and NVES vehicle type.

Item 2— Subsection 5(2)(h)

This item inserts the term “rated towing capacity” as another expression that has the same meaning as in the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule – Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005.

Item 3— Section 10

This item renumbers the existing text as subsection 10(1).

Item 4— Subsection 10 (at the end of the table)

This item adds four new entries to the table that sets out the information required for vehicles entered on the RAV via the type approval pathway. These require RAV entries for those categories of vehicles covered by the NVES Act (ie the MA, MB, MC, NA, NB1 vehicle categories) to include information on the vehicle’s carbon dioxide emissions, mass in running order, and NVES vehicle type. In addition, MC category vehicle entries need to provide the vehicle’s rated towing capacity.

Item 5—At the end of section 10

This item adds a new subsection 10(2), which clarifies that the information required in items 12, 13 and 14 of the table are only required if the vehicle is a Type 1 or Type 2 vehicle under the NVES Act. This means that vehicles that are either “Exempt” under the NVES Act, or are not covered by the NVES Act and entered as “not applicable”, only have to enter this status in the NVES vehicle type field under item 15 of the table.

Attachment B

ATTACHMENT B—STATEMENT OF COMPATIBILITY WITH HUMAN RIGHTS

Prepared in accordance with Part 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011

Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Amendment Determination 2024

This disallowable legislative instrument is compatible with the human rights and freedoms recognised or declared in the international instruments listed in section 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011.

Overview of the Regulations

The Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Amendment Determination 2024 (the amending Determination) is made under section 12 of the Road Vehicle Standards Rules 2019 (the Rules).

The amending Determination amends the Road Vehicle Standards (Information on the Register of Approved Vehicles) Determination 2021 (the Determination) to:

• Replace several references to ‘the National Exchange of Vehicle and Driver Information System’ with references to ‘the Departmental regulatory system, ‘ROVER,’ to accurately reflect that the ROVER system now performs the functions previously performed by the National Exchange of Vehicle and Driver Information System.
• Repeal the definition of maximum engine power and replace it with a definition of power (kW), which explicitly references UN Regulation 85 and defines how power is to be measured for vehicles with two or more propulsion units. This definition references a standard, SAE J2908 202301 that is designed to provide a measurement of power for vehicles with more than one propulsion unit.
• Provide definitions of a Safer Freight Vehicle, maximum overall width, maximum permissible overall width and a Safer Freight Vehicle Identification Code and stipulate the information that must be included on the Register of Approved Vehicles (RAV) for vehicles that are Safer Freight Vehicles.
• Change the information required for the name of the holder of the Registered Automotive Workshop approval for vehicles added to the RAV by authorised vehicle verifiers.
• Remove the requirement for Gross Vehicle Mass to be included on the RAV for some categories of vehicles.
• Add definitions to include the terms: carbon dioxide emissions, mass in running order, rated towing capacity and NVES vehicle type.
• Include the mandatory inclusion of new data in the RAV by suppliers of vehicles under the type approval pathway for certain vehicle categories. This data encompassed carbon dioxide emissions, mass in running order, rated towing capacity and NVES vehicle type.

Human rights implications

The instrument supports the regulatory framework of the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018 and the Rules to ensure that vehicles on public roads meet safety and environmental standards to support the human right to life and health. The instrument does not engage any human rights beyond those addressed in the Explanatory Memorandum to the Road Vehicle Standards Bill 2018 and the Explanatory Statement for the Rules.

Conclusion

The instrument is compatible with human rights because it promotes the protection of human rights and, to the extent that it may limit human rights, those limitations are considered to be reasonable, necessary and proportionate.

[1] ROVER (ROad VEhicle Regulator) is the administrative systems used by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts for the Road Vehicle Standard Act 2018