Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations - Legislation

NAVIGATION (EXAMINATION OF MASTERS AND MATES) REGULATIONS.

Statutory Rules 1931, No. 20.(b)

Part I.—Preliminary.

Short title.

1. These Regulations may be cited as the Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

Parts.

2. These Regulations are divided into Parts, as follows:—

Part I.—Preliminary.

Part II.—General.

Part III.—Qualifications and examinations for Foreign-going Certificates.

Division 1.—Preliminary.

Division 2.—Second Mate (Foreign-going).

Division 3.—First Mate (Foreign-going).

Division 4.—Master (Foreign-going).

Division 5.—Extra Master.

Division 6.—Sailing-ship endorsements.

Part IV.—Qualifications and examinations for Limited Coast-trade Certificates.

Division 1.—Preliminary.

Division 2.—Ordinary Certificates—Limited Coast-trade.

Division 3.—Fore-and-aft Certificates—Limited Coast-trade.

Division 4,—Steam-ship Certificates—Limited Coast-trade.

Part V.—Qualifications and examinations for River and Bay Certificates.

Division 1.—Preliminary.

Division 2.—Fore-and-aft Certificates—River and Bay Trade.

Division 3.—Steam-ship Certificates—River and Bay Trade.

Part VI.—Qualifications and examinations for Yacht Certificates and for Special Subjects.

Part VII.—Estimation of Sea Service.

Part VIII.—Conduct of Examinations.

(a) Made under the Navigation Act 1912–1926 on 14th May, 1931.

(b) Made under the Navigation Act 1912–1926 on 23rd February, 1931; deemed to have come into operation on 12th January, 1931.

Definitions.

3.—(1.) In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears—

“Appendix” means an Appendix to these Regulations;

“Candidate” means a candidate for a certificate;

“Certificate” means a Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate (as the case may be) granted in accordance with the Act, or the Merchant Shipping Act, or any State Act, or, in respect of the certificates specified in Appendix G, by the Government of any British Dominion or Possession mentioned in that Appendix;

“Fore-and-aft-rigged vessel” includes every vessel which is not a square-rigged vessel;

“Home or coasting trade ship” includes, every ship engaged in making short voyages within the limits prescribed for home-trade ships by the Merchant Shipping Act, or for home-trade or coasting ships by any State Act or any Act of any British Possession other than the Commonwealth;

“Local Examiner” or “Examiner” means any Commonwealth Examiner of Masters and Mates at any port in the Commonwealth;

“Principal Examiner” means the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates;

“River and Bay service” means service in river and bay ships;

“Sailing ship” means a ship furnished with sails as a principal means of propulsion, and includes a ship so furnished with sails and equipped with auxiliary steam or other mechanical power for use during light winds or calms.

“Sailing vessel” has a meaning corresponding with “sailing ship”;

“Schedule” means, a Schedule to these Regulations;

“Sea service”, “served at sea”, “total sea service” in relation to Foreign-going Certificates, means service performed in the foreign-going or Australian trade, or equivalent service in the limited coast-trade;

‘‘Service in the foreign-going trade” means service performed in foreign-going or Australian-trade ships, other than service performed in such ships whilst employed on voyages between ports or places all of which are situated within the limits of the limited coast-trade prescribed for a port in the Commonwealth, or within the limits of the home trade or coast-trade of Great Britain or any of the Dominions;

“Sea service”, “served at sea”, “total sea service”, in relation to Limited Coast-trade Certificates, means service performed in the limited coast-trade or in the home or coast trades of Great Britain or any of the Dominions or in the foreign-going trade;

“Service in the limited coast-trade” means service performed in any ship (other than a River and Bay ship) engaged on-trading voyages and plying between ports or places all of which are situated within the limits of the limited coast-trade prescribed for a port in the Commonwealth, or within the limits of the home trade or coast-trade of Great Britain or any of the Dominions;

“Square-rigged vessels” includes full-rigged ships, barques, brigs, barquentines and brigantines;

“Steam-ship” means a ship using steam or other machinery as a principal means of propulsion;

“Steam vessel” has a meaning corresponding with “steamship”;

“The Act” means the Navigation Act 1912–1926.

(2.) Where the word “lower” or “higher” is used in these Regulations as descriptive of any certificate, or grade of certificate or capacity in which the holder of a certificate may serve, the value of that certificate, or grade of certificate, shall be determined, in relation to other certificates, in the manner prescribed in the Second Schedule.

(3.) Any reference to a form in these Regulations shall be read as a reference to the form approved in that behalf by the Minister.

Part II.—General.

Times and places of examination.

4. Examinations for certificates shall be held at the times and places set forth in Appendix A, or at such other times as the Minister from time to time directs.

Examination fee.

5.—(1.) An applicant for any examination shall pay to the Superintendent the fee for that examination set out in the First Schedule.

(2.) Where a candidate is found to be ineligible for examination, the fee paid shall be returned to him.

(3.) Subject to these Regulations, the examination fee or any part thereof shall not be returned to any unsuccessful candidate.

(4.) Where a candidate offers a gratuity to any official, he shall, in addition to any penalty to which he would otherwise be subject, be rejected and shall be debarred from examination at any port in the Commonwealth, for a period of twelve months.

Applications for examination

6.—(1.) An application for examination for a certificate or for an endorsement thereon shall be made in accordance with Form M. and M.—B.

(2.) The application, properly filled in, together with the applicant’s testimonials, discharges, birth, first aid and watchkeeping certificates, and sectional pass form (if any), shall be lodged with the Superintendent at the port where the applicant desires to be examined, in the case of an examination for a certificate as Extra Master, at least fourteen days, and in other cases at least four days, before the day of examination.

(3.) A candidate shall not be admitted to examination unless he has completed the prescribed period of service.

(4.) All breaks in service shall be properly accounted for to the satisfaction of the Examiner.

Proof of British nationality.

7.—(1.) A candidate for a certificate shall not be admitted to examination unless he first produces satisfactory proof that he is a British subject.

(2.) Proof of nationality may be made by the production of—

(a) the candidate’s birth certificate or a properly certified copy thereof; or

(b) the candidate’s certificate of naturalization; or

(3.) If a candidate cannot produce the evidence required by the last preceding sub-regulation, he must furnish, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, other documentary evidence of British nationality.

(4.) If any doubt exists as to a candidate’s nationality, the case shall be referred to the Principal Examiner for consideration and his decision in the matter shall be final.

Testimonials.

8.—(1.) A candidate shall not be admitted to examination unless he first produces testimonials as to experience, ability and conduct in accordance with this regulation.

(2.) The testimonials shall be signed by the master, or owner, or properly accredited representative thereof, of the ship in which the service was performed, and shall be such as to prove, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, the sobriety, experience, ability and general good conduct of the candidate for at least the twelve months of sea service immediately preceding the date of application for examination.

Watch-keeping certificates.

9.—(1.) A candidate for a certificate, for which service as watch-keeping officer is required, shall produce a certificate of watchkeeping service signed by the master of the vessel on which he has served.

(2.) Such certificate shall be in accordance with such one of the forms in Appendix E. as is applicable.

Special application.

10.—(1.) A candidate who is in doubt as to whether his service complies with these Regulations, and who desires to submit his case for special consideration, shall submit his discharges, testimonials, watchkeeping certificates (if any) and form of application (properly filled in), to the local Examiner, or, if at a port where there is no Examiner, to the Superintendent.

(2.) Where the papers cannot be submitted direct to a local Examiner, they should be addressed to the Director of Navigation, Melbourne.

(3.) Where necessary, the local Examiner or Superintendent, as the case may be, shall forward the papers with his observations to the Principal Examiner, who may either deal with the case or bring it before the Director.

(4.) Where a candidate is still serving under Articles of Agreement, a written statement to that effect, signed by the master of the ship, and verified by the Superintendent at the port, may be accepted as proof of service under the existing Articles of Agreement.

(5.) Where service as second or third mate in limited coast-trade ships is claimed as qualifying service for a foreign-going certificate, a complete statement of the voyages, verified by the master or owner, shall accompany the application.

Penalty for misconduct.

11. A candidate who—

(a) has neglected or refused to join his vessel after having signed articles; or

(b) has deserted his vessel after having joined; or

shall be required to produce satisfactory proofs of two years’ subsequent service and good conduct at sea, unless the Director, after having investigated the matter, sees fit to reduce the time.

Physical or mental disability.

12.—(1.) If, during the progress of an examination, the Examiner becomes satisfied that the candidate is afflicted with physical or mental disabilities such as render him unfit for the proper performance of the duties of a master or officer at sea, he shall immediately discontinue the examination and report the matter to the Principal Examiner.

(2.) When an examination has been so discontinued, the examination fee paid by the candidate shall, on application, be returned to him.

(3.) Where such candidate subsequently produces a medical certificate to the effect that his physical or mental condition has improved or is normal, the Director may permit the candidate to sit again for examination.

Failure in English language.

13. If a candidate fails to satisfy the Examiner that he can speak and write the English language sufficiently well to enable him to efficiently perform the duties required of him on board a British vessel, in the position for which he desires a certificate, he shall be refused a certificate and shall not be re-examined until after a lapse of six months.

Issue of certificates.

14.—(1.) Upon a candidate passing all sections of his examination, the Examiner shall issue to him an authority in accordance with Form M. & M.—EE., authorizing the Deputy Director to whom it is addressed to issue the certificate.

(2.) A certificate of competency shall be in accordance with the form in Appendix H.

(3.) Where the candidate passes in part of the examination only, the Examiner shall supply him with a record of his passing in accordance with Form M. & M.—EE.(l). The candidate shall retain this form and produce it to the Examiner when he next presents himself for examination.

Service found to be insufficient.

15.—(1.) If after a candidate has passed the examination it is discovered that his services were insufficient to have entitled him to receive a certificate of the grade for which he has passed, the certificate shall be withheld from him.

(2.) If the Principal Examiner is satisfied that the error in the calculation of the candidate’s services did not occur through any fault of, or wilful misrepresentation by, the candidate, the fee shall be returned to the candidate.

(3.) If the services of the candidate entitle him to a certificate of a lower grade, such a certificate may be granted to him, and the difference, if any, between the fee paid by him for the higher grade certificate and the fee payable for the lower grade certificate shall be returned to the candidate.

(4.) Where a certificate of a lower grade is issued, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding sub-regulation, the higher grade certificate for which the candidate has passed shall not he granted until he has performed the amount of service in which he was deficient, and has been re-examined in all the subjects of the examination, unless the Director, in his discretion, sees fit to dispense with the re-examination.

Certificates of service.

16.—(1.) A person who has attained the rank of Lieutenant in His Majesty’s Navy, or in His Majesty’s Indian Marine Service, may apply for a certificate of service as Master of a foreign-going ship without examination.

(2.) Applications by officers of the Royal Australian Navy shall be made, through their commanding officers if they are on active service, otherwise, direct to the Department of Defence, Melbourne, which will forward the application to the Board of Trade through the High Commissioner for Australia.

(3.) The form of application (Exn. 18), as issued by the Board of Trade, may be obtained from the Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office at any principal port in a State.

Examination of officers in Royal Australia Navy.

17.—(1.) Officers of the Royal Australian Navy may be examined for certificates of competency on the conditions as prescribed in regulation 132, if on the active list.

(2.) Any such officer who desires to be examined shall apply through his commanding officer, and if on half-pay, direct to the Secretary of the Naval Board, who, in either case, shall forward the application to the Director.

Failure in the written or the oral part of the examination.

18.—(1.) Candidates for any grade of certificate shall proceed to the oral examination irrespective of whether they have passed or failed in their written work.

(2.) Where a candidate passes in the written portion of the examination and fails in the oral, or vice versa, his pass in that portion in which he has satisfied the examiners shall hold good for a period of six months from the date of the examination. If he does not pass the remainder of the examination within this period he shall again be required to be examined both in the written and in the oral portions. The Director may, in exceptional circumstances, extend this period up to a limit of one year.

Penalties for failure.

19.—(1.) In the case of a second failure or any subsequent failure in the written or the oral portion of the examination, or in both, an interval of two months shall elapse from the date of the last failure before a candidate can be re-examined. A further penalty shall not be imposed except in those cases where the Examiner considers further sea service necessary. Such sea service shall not exceed six months.

(2.) When a candidate fails in the oral portion of the examination, either at the first or any subsequent attempt, the Examiner, in making his report, in accordance with Form M. & M.—FF., shall state whether any further sea service shall be performed by the candidate and he shall also insert this information in Form M. & M.—B.

(3.) Inability to repeat verbatim the Articles of the Collision Regulations shall not entail failure in the oral examination if the candidate understands the full significance, content and practical application of the Articles.

Examination in Signalling.

20.—(1.) A candidate who is eligible for examination for any grade of certificate for which signalling is required may take this part of the examination, in accordance with Appendix D, and on payment of the prescribed fee, at any time within the six months immediately before or after he presents himself for examination in the written and oral portions.

(2.) A candidate who fails in signalling but passes in every other subject may, at any time within the six months following his first attempt, be re-examined in signalling only, and, if he then passes, shall receive his certificate of competency.

(3.) Subject to the above conditions, a candidate may be allowed to take the signalling examination in any week during which examinations of Masters and Mates are being held at the port, but the special fee for this examination, as prescribed in the First Schedule, shall be paid for each separate attempt.

Conditions of passing in Navigation and Signalling.

21. In order to secure a pass in the examination in Navigation or written work prescribed for any Limited Coast-Trade or River and Bay Certificate, a candidate must—

(a) obtain 75% of the total marks allotted to the problems and written portions of the examination papers prescribed for that certificate which are given him to do;

(b) attain a degree of accuracy in Morse and semaphore signalling of at least 90% when signalling at the speed prescribed for the certificate desired;

Conditions of passing in Seamanship.

22. In order to pass in the examination in Seamanship, a candidate shall give such answers as satisfy the Examiner that the candidate understands and has a thorough knowledge of the parts of the subject, prescribed for the certificate for which he is being examined and for any certificate of a lower grade.

Examination in one part of examination only.

23.—(1.) Whenever a candidate takes the Signalling examination apart from the written and oral examination for a certificate of competency, he shall fill in a separate Form M. & M.—B. The result of the examination shall be reported to the Principal Examiner on the Form M. & M.—FF., the entry “Passed” or “Failed” being made in the appropriate column and the words “Not examined” or “Previously passed,” as the case may be, entered in the columns headed “Written” and “Oral,”&c. The Form M. & M.—B. shall be forwarded to the Director and the result of the examination reported thereon.

(2.) A similar procedure shall be followed when a candidate is re-examined in the written or oral portion of the examination only.

(3.) In all cases where a candidate, after previously passing in the other two portions of an examination, passes in the written, oral or signalling portion of the examination, the Examiner shall enter the dates of passing the several portions, of the examination in their

respective columns in Form M. & M.—B. On completion, Form M. & M.—B., with the relative Form M. & M.—EE.(l) attached, shall be forwarded to the Director, and an authority in accordance with Form M. & M.—EE. issued to the candidate.

Failure in extra examinations.

24. Candidates for Extra certificates shall not be allowed to present themselves for examination more than twice within a period of twelve months.

Candidates failing may be examined for certificate of lower grade.

25.—(1.) Where a candidate fails in his examination for a foreign-going certificate, and the subjects in which he fails are not included in the syllabus prescribed for a foreign-going certificate of a lower grade, he may, if he so desires, be examined for the lower grade certificate without further formal application or payment of fee.

(2.) The candidate shall be required to complete the whole of the work prescribed for such lower grade.

(3.) Where a candidate fails in his examination for the Extra Master’s certificate, he may also, without further formal application or payment of fee, proceed with the examination for the Master’s certificate, but, in this case, the whole of the examination prescribed for the lower grade shall be completed subsequently irrespective of any work which has been done under examination for the Extra certificate.

(4.) The subsequent examination for the lower grade may, if time permits, be taken during the current week, but in this case, telegraphic advice of the papers to set shall be first obtained; if time does not permit, the candidate shall be allowed to sit at the next following examination.

(5.) No part of the fee which a candidate has paid shall be returned to him, and on presenting himself, when qualified, for re-examination for the higher certificate, he shall pay a further full fee.

Change of certificate.

26.—(1.) The holder of an uncancelled and unexpired Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate issued under any State Act prior to 1st January, 1924, may surrender it for the certificate issued under the Navigation Act 1912–1926 to which it most closely corresponds:

Provided that, subject to these Regulations, the Commonwealth certificate so granted shall be valid only for the purposes for which, and to the extent to which, the surrendered certificate was valid, and shall be endorsed accordingly.

(2.) The holder of an old-pattern certificate may exchange it for a certificate in book form on payment of a fee of Five shillings to the Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office.

(3.) Applications for exchange of certificates shall be made in accordance with Form M. & M.—D.

Duplicate of certificate.

27.—(1.) An application for a certified copy of a certificate issued under the Act, and which has been lost or destroyed, shall be made in accordance with Form M. & M.—D., and shall be lodged with a Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office. The declaration as to the circumstances in which the certificate was lost shall also be made by the applicant before the Superintendent.

(2.) If, on presentation to a Superintendent, any certificate issued under these Regulations is found to be defaced by use or accident to

such an extent as to be illegible, it shall be at once transmitted to the Director, accompanied by an application, duly filled in, when a certified copy having all the effect of the original shall be issued in lieu thereof.

(3.) In cases where it is satisfactorily shown that due care had been taken of the original, that the loss, destruction or defacement was not due to the fault of the holder and that, where possible, diligent effort had been made to recover the certificate, a charge shall not be made for the certified copy.

(4.) In cases where the Director is not so satisfied, the applicant shall be required to pay a fee of Ten shillings before delivery of the copy.

Application of Board of Trade Regulations.

28. In any case not provided for in these Regulations, the Regulations made by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom, and for the time being in force, relative to the examination of masters and mates for certificates, shall, mutatis mutandis, to the extent to which they are applicable to the matter, be deemed to be incorporated in these Regulations, and observed accordingly.

First Aid.

29.—(1.) Every candidate for a foreign-going certificate as Master, First Mate or Second Mate, or for a Limited coast-trade certificate as Master or First Mate, Sub-grade A, shall be required to produce a certificate of proficiency in First Aid granted by an approved authority.

(2.) For the purposes of this regulation, the following shall be deemed to be approved authorities, namely:—

(a) St. John’s Ambulance Association;

(b) St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association;

(d) British Red Cross Society;

(e) London County Council;

(f) Glamorgan County Council;

(g) Leith Technical College;

(h) A Medical Officer of one of His Majesty’s Ships; and

(i) Any other body approved in writing by the Director of Navigation.

(3.) The certificate of proficiency in First Aid shall be an adult certificate, that is to say, obtained by the candidate when sixteen years of age or more, and the examination therefor shall have been passed not more than three years before the date of the examination for the Certificate of Competency:

Provided that certificates of proficiency in First Aid issued by the St. John’s Ambulance Association more than three years before the examination for the Certificate of Competency shall be accepted, provided that, at the expiration of three years since its issue, the certificate of proficiency has attached to it the “voucher” or “label” of the Association certifying that the holder has passed re-examination in First Aid.

(4.) Candidates who do not produce a certificate of proficiency in First Aid may be permitted to sit for examination for master or mate, but the Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate shall not be issued until after the production of the First Aid Certificate.

Sight tests.

30.—(1.) Subject to the succeeding sub-regulations of this regulation, a Certificate of Competency shall not be issued to any candidate until he has first passed the sight tests set forth in the Third Schedule.

(2.) Every candidate for a certificate shall pass the letter test. Where the candidate obtained a Certificate of Competency in any grade before 1st January, 1914, he shall be required to possess at least half normal vision using both eyes together. Where the candidate did not obtain such a certificate before the date mentioned, he shall be required to possess normal vision using at his option both eyes or either eye separately.

(3.) A candidate who fails to pass the prescribed letter test may present himself for re-examination at intervals of not less than three months.

(4.) The fee paid for examination for a Certificate of Competency includes the fee of Two shillings and sixpence for examination in the eight tests, and if the candidate fails to pass those tests, the fee paid for examination shall, less a deduction of Two shillings and sixpence, be returned to him.

(5.) Every candidate shall undergo the lantern test on the first occasion on which he presents himself for examination for his first Certificate of Competency; but, if he then passes, he shall not be required to undergo the lantern test on any subsequent occasion.

Any person who holds a Certificate of Competency shall not be examined in the lantern test unless such examination is approved by the Director.

A candidate who fails to pass the lantern test, or a special lantern test, shall not be re-examined except with the approval of the Director.

(6.) Where the Examiner, on the instructions of the Principal Examiner, refers a candidate for special examination before a decision is given as to his passing or failure in the Sight Tests, an additional fee shall not be charged for the special examination, Where the expenses incurred by a candidate in attending a special examination, are allowed, second class railway fare shall be paid (a cheap ticket, tourist, day or week-end, shall be taken if available), together with a subsistence allowance not exceeding Twelve shillings and sixpence for each night’s absence from home necessarily entailed by attendance at the special examination. Where a night’s absence is not involved, the candidate may be paid expenses not exceeding Five shillings incurred by him during the day.

(7.) A candidate who fails to pass the lantern test may appeal for a special examination on payment of a fee of Two guineas, which shall be returned to him in the event of his passing the special examination. Payment shall not be made towards the expenses of a candidate who, upon his own application, is examined by the Special Examiners, unless he passes the special examination or unless, in the event of failure, the Director considers that the circumstances of the case justify such payment.

(8.) Where a candidate fails to pass the lantern test, the Examiner shall point out to him the conditions under which he may appeal. An appeal shall be made through the Examiner, and forwarded to the Principal Examiner with the Examiner’s remarks.

(9.) Where, during the course of a special examination, a candidate is found to have a permanent defect in his eyesight such as to render him unfit for a sea career, he shall be rejected and shall not be allowed to be examined again in the sight tests on any future occasion:

Provided, however, that, where the candidate is still dissatisfied, and brings with him a friend to witness the examination, he may present himself for a second, special examination on payment of a fee of Five guineas. Such second examination shall not form any part of the examination for a Certificate of Competency. The Director shall, however, give consideration to the result of such examination in determining whether a certificate should be granted.

(10.) Any persons serving or intending to serve in the mercantile marine or in fishing vessels, may undergo the sight tests. Any such person, who desires to undergo the tests, shall make application to the Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office in accordance with Form M. & M.—C., and shall pay a fee of Two shillings and sixpence.

This fee shall be payable on each occasion on which a candidate is examined, other than at special examinations.

A list of ports at which examinations in the sight tests may be held is contained in Appendix A.

Past III.—Qualifications and Examinations for Foreign-going Certificates.

Division—1.—Preliminary.

Value of certificates.

31.—(1.) Any Foreign-going certificate of competency as Master or Mate issued on or after 1st January, 1931, shall be valid for use on any mechanically propelled vessel, but shall not entitle the holder to go to sea as Master or Mate of a sailing ship unless endorsed to that effect.

(2.) Any candidate who desires a sailing ship qualification may obtain the requisite endorsement to his certificate on compliance with the conditions prescribed in regulation 44 of these Regulations and on passing the necessary examination in seamanship.

(3.) The holder of an “Ordinary” certificate issued prior to 1st. January, 1931, may act in his certified capacities in any vessel however propelled.

Date of introduction of revised qualifications.

32.—(1.) A candidate whose application for examination for a Certificate of Competency has been made and accepted under the old Regulations before the 1st January, 1931, may be examined after that date without performing any additional sea service, even though his age be below that required by the new Regulations.

(2.) Every candidate who undergoes his first examination for a particular grade of certificate on or after 1st January, 1931, shall comply with the provisions of these Regulations in relation to sea service.

Division 2.—Second Mate (Foreign-going).

Qualifications. Second Mate (Foreign-going).

33.—(1.) Every candidate for a second-mate’s foreign-going certificate shall not be less than twenty years of age, and shall have had four years’ sea service in the foreign-going trade or the equivalent, six years, in home trade or limited coast-trade ships.

(2.) Any candidate who, before the 1st January, 1929, was indentured as an apprentice to the sea service, or went to sea in any other capacity qualifying for examination, or began his qualifying service on board a training ship, may be admitted to examination for a certificate as Second Mate on completion of the prescribed period of qualifying service, notwithstanding that he may still be under twenty years of age, provided that he is not under eighteen years of age and that in all other respects he complies with the Regulations.

General. Second Mate (Foreign-going).

34.—(1.) A candidate shall demonstrate his understanding of his work by means of sketches and figures drawn with reasonable accuracy but not necessarily to scale.

(2.) A candidate shall not be required to give mathematical proofs of formulae, but shall, where possible, be able to demonstrate the truth of a formula by means of a figure.

Syllabus. Second Mate (Foreign-going).

35. Every candidate for a foreign-going certificate as second mate shall be examined in the following subjects:—

(1.) Paper 1. (Written)—

knowledge of principles. (3 hours.)

(a) The reading of simple graphical diagrams, e.g., stability curves, weather statistics, &c.

(b) The practical use of logarithms to base 10; their use in simple calculations involving multiplication, division, simple powers and roots.

(c) Areas and perimeters of rectangle, triangle, circle, volumes, and surface areas of box-shaped bodies, cylinders and wedges. Practical applications, e.g., weight of general cargo of varied shapes; capacities of holds and bunkers; weight of contents of bunkers.

(d) Plane sections of a sphere. Great and small circles. Angle between two great circles. Shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Formation of spherical triangles. Sides and angles of spherical triangles.

(e) Trigonometrical ratios—sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, cotangent, haversine.

The simple relations between these ratios. The relation between the ratios of angles which together make (a) one right angle (b) two right angles = e.g., the sine of an angle = the cosine of its complement, &c.

The solution of a plane right-angled triangle. Use of the Traverse Table for solving right-angled triangles. Practical problems on right-angled triangles, e.g., doubling the angle on the bow, four-point bearing, danger angles, distance from a point of land of known height, &c.

(f) Given two sides and the included angle of a spherical triangle, to find the third side.

Given three sides of a spherical triangle to find any angle. (These two problems are preferably done by the use of the haversine formulae.)

A general understanding of the following:—

(g) The earth and its daily and annual movements. Meaning of equator and poles. The position of a place fixed by its latitude and longitude; meridians. Distances measured on the earth; nautical mile; departure. To show clearly, but without proof, the connection between departure, difference of longitude and middle latitude.

(h) The real movement of sun, moon and planets. The celestial sphere; celestial poles; celestial meridian above and below pole; zenith; celestial equator. Altitude and zenith distance of heavenly bodies; celestial horizon; prime vertical; circles of altitude.

(i) Apparent movements of heavenly bodies. Declination. Rising and setting of heavenly bodies. Amplitude. The position of a heavenly body on the celestial sphere both with and without reference to the observer, i.e., Declination with Right Ascension or Azimuth with altitude. Azimuth.

(j) Apparent movement of sun. Mean sun. Ecliptic. Length of day and night. First point of Aries. Right ascension. Right Ascension of mean sun.

(k) General ideas on time. Hour angle. Greenwich and other standard times. Simultaneous hour angles of heavenly bodies in different places. Sidereal time. Relation of longitude and time. Equation of time. Mean and apparent times at Greenwich and elsewhere.

(l) Hour angle of heavenly body + Right Ascension of heavenly body = Hour Angle of Mean Sun + Right Ascension of Mean Sun.

The meaning of E. and R. in the Nautical Almanac.

(m) Correction of sextant altitudes. True horizon and visual horizon; dip of the horizon. Effect of atmosphere, refraction. Semidiameter. Parallax.

(n) Geographical position of heavenly body.

The simple explanation of the “Circle of position” on the earth, based on the three following facts:—

Zenith Distance of heavenly body = distance of geographical position from an observer.

Latitude of geographical position = Declination of heavenly body.

Longitude of geographical position = Hour Angle of heavenly body West of the meridian of Greenwich.

How a position circle is placed on a chart in practice.

Position line. Intercept.

A simple description of how a position line is obtained from the observed altitude of a heavenly body by—

(i) A Meridian Altitude.

(ii) An Ex-Meridian Altitude.

(iii) An Altitude of Polaris.

(iv) An Altitude with an assumed latitude (Longitude by chronometer).

(v) An Altitude with an assumed Dead Reckoning position (Marcq St. Hilaire).

(o) Magnetic meridian. Deviation and variation of the magnetic compass. Correction of compass courses and bearings to magnetic or true courses and bearings and vice versa.

(p) The simple properties of a Mercator’s Chart with regard to courses and bearings, longitude and latitude scales and the measurement of distance. Rhumb lines. Meridional Parts.

(2.) Paper 2. (Written)—

practical navigation i. (Including Tides) (2 hours.)

(a) To calculate approximate time of high water by the use of the High Water Full and Change constant. To find the time and height of high and low water at Standard Ports (Admiralty Tide Tables). To find the height of tide at a given time intermediate between high and low water, and thence by use of tables or diagram to determine approximate corrections to soundings and heights of objects above sea level taken at such intermediate times. Chart datum lines.

(b) To find course and distance, departure, and difference of latitude between two points by means of the Traverse Table. Practical use of formula connecting departure, difference of longitude and middle latitude.

(d) Chronometers. Stowage at safe distance from magnetic and electrical instruments. Management and care. Handling, winding, comparing. Writing up chronometer journal. Value of daily comparisons. Wireless and other time signals for rating chronometers.

(e) To find true bearing of any heavenly body by Azimuth or Amplitude Tables, diagram, or any other method the candidate may select. To find the error of the compass, and thence the deviation.

(3.) Paper 3. (Written) —

practical navigation ii. (3 hours.)

(In the correction of observed altitudes, total correction tables may be used.)

(a) By the use of the Traverse Table, to obtain the Dead Reckoning position of the ship at any time, given compass courses and errors, and the run recorded by log or calculated by estimated speed and time by standard clock. The candidate may be asked to allow for the effects of current and wind.

(b) To find the latitude by Meridian Altitude of sun, star, moon or planet, and to determine a position line by this means.

(d) To determine from observed altitude of sun, star, moon, or planet a position line on which the ship is by longitude by chronometer method if suitable, or by any other method (e.g. Marcq St. Hilaire) at the discretion of the candidate.

(e) Given one position line, knowing the speed of ship and interval of time between observations, to transfer such position line to that obtained from meridian or ex-meridian altitude, and thence to determine the ship’s position at time of second observation.

(4.) Paper 4—

chart work. (2 hours.)

(True courses and bearings will, as a rule, be given as from a Compass Card marked 0° to 360°, e.g. course 264° True. Magnetic and compass courses and bearings will be given with reference to cardinal points, e.g. course 3.84° W. magnetic. Candidates should conform to this practice.)

(a) On a chart, to find the true course and distance between two points; given variation and compass deviation, to find magnetic and compass course and vice versa; to keep the Dead Reckoning on a chart; to lay off courses, allowing for current.

(b) On a chart, to fix the ship by simultaneous cross bearings, bearing and range, or by wireless cross bearings, applying the necessary corrections. To fix by the bearings of one or more objects with run between, allowing for current; to find the distance at which the ship will pass a given point.

(d) To interpret from a chart the information it gives, particularly about buoys, lights, depths and nature of bottom, tides and tidal currents. Recognition of the coast. The intelligent use of Sailing Directions.

(N.B.—The Examiner may ask oral questions on the above syllabus.)

(5.) Paper 5. (Written)—

cargo work and elementary ship construction. (3 hours.)

(a) The stowage and dunnaging of different varieties of cargoes, including bulk cargoes. Elementary ideas on the making and use of cargo plans.

The preparation for stowage, breaking out and discharge of cargo.

Rigging a ship for loading and discharging cargo, and the use of derricks and winches. Strength of cargo gear.

The calculation of capacities of bunkers, holds, tanks and boats.

Calculation of capacities taken up by part cargoes and of space remaining. Conversion of weight measurement of cargo into space measurement and vice versa.

(b) The names of the principal parts of a ship.

General ideas on ship construction and hull maintenance. The candidate will be expected to show his practical acquaintance with certain portions of his own ship, e.g. longitudinal and transverse framing. Bulkheads. Hatches. Rudders and steering gear. Shell plating. Stern frame. Propellers and propeller shafts, stern tube, propeller brackets.

The stiffening and strengthening to resist panting, pounding and propeller vibrations.

Double bottom tanks, bilges, bilge pumps, sounding pipes. Ventilation systems of holds and tanks.

Use of tons per inch immersion scale. Calculation of weight of cargo, &c., from draughts.

Effect of varying density of water.

Buoyancy. Centre of gravity and centre of buoyancy. The laws of floating bodies.

Effect of filling and emptying ballast tanks on centre of gravity of ship as a whole.

(6.) Paper 6. (Written)—

english. (1½ hours.)

The paper will be designed to test the candidate’s ability to write clear and grammatical English with due attention to spelling and penmanship. It will be in no sense a test of technical knowledge.

(7.) Oral and Practical Portions—

1.—(a) Rigging of ships. Strength of ropes, wire and hemp. Rigging purchases of various kinds and knowledge of power gained by purchases. Knotting and splicing hemp and steel ropes with strict reference to current practice. Seizings, racking chain stoppers, &c.

(b) Sending topmasts up and down.

(c) Bending, setting and taking in fore and aft sails. Management of boats under oars and sail and in heavy weather. Beaching or landing. Coming alongside.

(d) Helm orders. Conning the ship.

2.—(a) Marking and use of ordinary lead line.

(b) Use and upkeep of mechanical logs and sounding machines.

(d) Rocket and line throwing apparatus.

3.—(a) Anchors and cables. Use, upkeep and survey.

(b) Knowledge of use and maintenance of deck appliances and steering gear.

4.—(a) Preparations and precautions for getting under way. Duties prior to proceeding to sea, making harbour or coming alongside, especially at after end of ship.

(b) Keeping an anchor watch. Dragging anchor.

5.—(a) A full knowledge of the content and application of the regulations for preventing collision at sea. (Candidates’ will not be placed in the position of handling a sailing ship, but will be expected to recognize a sailing ship’s lights and to have a knowledge of her possible manœuvres according to the direction of the wind.)

(b) Distress and pilot signals; penalties for misuse.

(d) An intelligent use of “Notices to Mariners.” (Candidates will not be required to commit these to memory.)

6.—Signals. To send and receive signals in—

(a) British Semaphore up to eight words per minute.

(b) Morse Code by flash lamp up to six words per minute.

7.—Practical.

(a) To read and understand a barometer, thermometer, hydrometer and hygrometer. (The instruments supplied by the Meteorological Office will be taken as standard.)

(b) To use an azimuth mirror, pelorus (bearing plate) or other instrument for taking bearings; to place these bearings on a chart, having corrected for given compass error.

(d) To correct a sextant into which has been introduced some or all of perpendicularity, side and index errors.

(e) To find the index error of a given sextant.

(f) To check chronometers by signal made by buzzer or other method; to compare two chronometers.

8.—The Examiner may ask the candidate questions arising out of the written work, if he deems it necessary on account of weakness shown by the candidate. (This applies particularly to Paper 5.)

Division 2.—First Mate (Foreign-going).

Qualifications.—First Mate (Foreign-going).

36.—(1.) Every candidate for a First Mate’s foreign-going certificate shall not be less than twenty-one and a half years of age, and shall have had five and a half years’ sea service in the foreign-going trade or the equivalent, eight years and three months in home trade or limited coast-trade ships.*

(2.) Such sea service shall include—

(a) eighteen months in a capacity not lower than that of third of three watchkeeping officers on a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship;†

(b) two years and three months in a capacity not lower than that of First or Only Mate of a home trade or limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship; or

(c) where the length of the voyage between terminal ports of a limited coast-trade ship is not less than 500 miles—two years and three months in a capacity not lower than that of third of three watchkeeping officers on such limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship.

* For convenience of calculation, the service required is stated in a tabular form in Appendix B.

† See Regulations 116, 117 of these Regulations.

Candidates who have served continuously with the same company.

37.—(1.) Where a candidate for a First Mate’s foreign-going certificate has served continuously with the same company or shipping firm as apprentice and junior officer and has completed two years’ service, performed while holding a Second Mate’s foreign-going certificate, as the junior of two bridge-keeping officers of the watch, he may be allowed to present himself for the examination:

Provided that the whole of such service shall have been performance upon ocean-going steamships of not less than 8,000 tons gross, making average speed of 13 knots or upwards and carrying a crew of no less than 130 men, including at least five deck officers in addition the Master.

(2.) Upon passing the examination, a certificate shall not be issued to the candidate until he produces proof of twelve months’ sea service effective charge of a watch* in addition to two years’ service as junior bridge-keeping officer referred to in the preceding sub-regulation.

Syllabus. First Mate Foreign-going).

38. Every candidate for a First Mate’s foreign-going certificate shall be examined in the following subjects and in the case of Practical Navigation I. and II. and Chart Work, may also be examined on matters included in the corresponding papers prescribed for examination of a candidate for a Second Mate’s foreign-going certificate:—

(1.) Paper 1. (Written)—

practical navigation i. (3 hours.)

(a) Knowledge and recognition of stars of first magnitude. To calculate the approximate times (to nearest minute) of meridian passage of any heavenly bodies; to calculate an approximate altitude for setting the sextant for a meridian altitude of a heavenly body.

(b) To find the latitude from an altitude of Polaris. Thence to find a position line.

(d) By transfer of a previous position line and an observation of a heavenly body, to obtain a running fix by the use of protractor and plain or squared paper, or by tables. Particular cases of position lines from Meridian Altitudes or from Polaris.

(e) By nearly simultaneous altitudes of any heavenly body, to determine the position at the time of observation from the intersection of position lines.

(2.) Paper 2. (Written)—

practical navigation ii. (2 hours.)

(a) To find the magnetic bearing of a distant object by swinging on equidistant compass points, thence to construct a deviation table or curve.

(b) To calculate the initial course and distance on a Great Circle track between two points, and, by the use of the Vertex of the Great Circle, to lay off such a track on a Mercator’s Chart.

(d) The harmonic method of tidal prediction and the use of harmonic constants (Admiralty Tide Tables, Part II., Section II.).

* See Regulation 120 of these Regulations.

(3.) Paper 3—

chart work. (2 hours.)

(a) to interpret from a chart the information it gives and to use Sailing Directions intelligently. Description and recognition of a coast. Landfalls in clear weather. Selection of suitable points for bearings. Distance of sighting lights; distance from point of land of known height; distance of passing a point of land; course to pass a point at a given distance. Danger angles—horizontal and vertical. Entering channels allowing for current. To prepare for anchorage and for entering narrow waters. Reliability of charts. Corrections.

(b) Landfalls in thick weather, Construction and use of line of soundings. The general use of a single position line in making land, including clearing marks. The use of bearings obtained by wireless direction finder, bearings given from shore station, or the use of wireless beacons.

(N.B.—The Examiner may ask oral questions on the above syllabus.)

(4.) Paper 4. (Written)—

ship construction and stability. (3 hours.)

(a) A general knowledge of the principal structural members of a ship. Midship sections of different types of ships, giving the parts their proper names. Sealing dimensions on a midship section to make intelligible reports.

Ability to set out in a clear manner a report on damage sustained by corrosion or by accident.

Construction and stiffening of watertight bulkheads.

Collision bulkhead;

Stern frame and stem and how secured.

Stresses and strains in ships through effect of seas or loading and ballasting.

A knowledge of those portions of a, ship specially strengthened to withstand such stresses, or where excessive damage by corrosion is liable to occur.

Rivets and riveting. Testing a line of rivets. Testing watertight work.

Rudders and steering gear. Inspection and maintenance.

Hatches and hatch gear. Hawsepipes and cable lockers.

(b) Buoyancy and reserve buoyancy. The righting couple when a ship is inclined. Metacentre and metacentric height. Transverse and longitudinal metacentres. Stiff and tender ships—how to obtain stiffness. Stability at large angles of inclination and what this depends on.

Preparation of data for ascertaining metacentric heights of a ship in any particular condition.

Determination of centre of gravity of a ship in any condition, the centre of gravity in light condition being given. Use of stability curves and data supplied to a ship. Alteration of stability during a voyage. Effect of shifting cargo. Change of trim.

(5.) Paper 5. (Written)—

ship maintenance, routine and cargo work. (3 hours.)

(a) Keeping a ship’s log. (Mate’s log.)

(b) Ship maintenance and organization. Indents and stores. Repair lists. Properties and uses of paints. Painting. Chipping, scraping. Cement work. Treatment of wood work. Inspection and maintenance of bulkheads, double bottoms, deep tanks, rudders. Bottom painting. Drainage of holds and double bottom tanks. Inspection and maintenance of anchors and cables. Maintenance of holds with reference to cargo carrying. Spar ceilings, &c. Inspection and maintenance of pumps, strums, roseboxes and bilges.

(c) Simple calculation of stresses in spans, derricks, topping lifts, &c. Strength of ropes, chains, slings, two slings at an angle, &c. Purchases and power gained by purchases.

(d) Cargo work.—(The candidate should, where possible, illustrate his answers from his own experience.)

Stowage of cargo. General—stowage of bag cargoes, bales, casks, &c.

Bulk stowage. Partition and shifting boards. Ceilings and dunnage. Deck stowage. Possible damage and its avoidance.

Good and bad stowage. Special cargoes—explosives, grain, timber, oil in bulk, steel rails, &c.

Given a cargo list, to stow a hold or holds, making a rough cargo plan, with a view to stability of tender and stiff ships, damage and contamination, easy handling and possible optional ports of discharge.

Methods of ventilation of cargoes. Drainage of holds.

Closing of hatches. Cargo working gear—derricks and winches. Organization of cargo work.

(6.) Paper 6. (Written)—

meteorology. (2 hours.)

(a) The principles of the barometer. How to read it and reduce the readings to standard datum.

(b) How to observe the force and direction of the wind with no other instrument than the compass and use of the Beaufort scale.

(c) How to observe and log the state of sea and swell, weather and visibility by the International scales for the use of seamen.

(d) The principles and use of the thermometer, dry bulb, wet bulb and sea surface.

(e) Use of hydrometer.

(f) General knowledge of the wind and current systems of the oceans. How to deduce the set and drift of currents.

(g) The Laws of Storms. Buys Ballot’s Law. Rules for handling ships in tropical revolving storms. The seasons and localities of tropical revolving storms and their precursory signs.

(h) The Visual Storm Warning signals.

(i) The seven fundamental types of weather.

(j) The elementary principles of synoptic charts, including a knowledge of how the atmospheric pressure distribution and gradient is obtained. Principal cloud types.

(k) To draft a wireless weather report and how to decode a weather report made in the International Weather Code, the tables being provided.

(7.) Oral Portion—

1.—(a) Shifting large spars and rigging sheers.

(b) The handling of heavy weights with special reference to strength of gear used.

(c) Use and maintenance of all deck and above deck appliances and fittings—winches, capstans, windlasses, emergency steering gear, and fittings used between anchor and cable locker. Hoisting in boats.

(d) Bending, setting and taking in fore and aft sails. Management and equipment of ships’ lifeboats and number of persons who may be carried in each class of boat.

2. Anchors—different kinds; advantages and disadvantages of each. How to rig a sea anchor and what means to employ to keep a vessel, disabled or unmanageable, out of the trough of the sea and lessen her lee drift. Cables and their care. Preparations for anchoring. Operation of anchoring with single anchor and use of second anchor. Clearing a foul anchor. Mooring. Clearing a foul hawse. Anchoring in a tideway and in a confined space. Dragging anchor. Anchor watch. Slipping a cable. To carry out an anchor with boats. Getting under way.

3.—(a) Effect of propellers on the steering of a ship. Stopping, going astern and manœuvring. Turning circles. Effects of current, wind, sea, shallows, draft.

(b) Coming alongside a wharf, &c. Turning a steamship short round, manœuvring in rivers and harbours. Emergency manœuvres. Man overboard.

(d) To get a cast of the deep sea lead.

4.—(a) Testing lifebuoys and life jackets; other life-saving gear.

(b) Accidents, e.g., collision, running aground, accidents to hatches, leaks, fires and their treatment. Running repairs. Handling a disabled ship.

(d) Preparation for dry-docking. Use of shores, bilge blocks and bilge shores.

5. Regulations for prevention of collision at sea.—In accordance with requirements, Section 5 (Oral) of paragraph (7.) of regulation 35.

6. Signals.—In accordance with Section 6 (Oral) of paragraph (7.) of regulation 35.

7. The Examiner may ask the candidate questions arising out of the written work, if he deems it necessary on account of weakness shown by the candidate.

Division 4.—Master (Foreign-going).

Qualification Master (Foreign-going).

39.—(1.) Every candidate for a master’s foreign-going certificate shall be not less than 23 years of age, and shall have had seven years’ sea service in the foreign-going trade or the equivalent, viz., ten and a half years, in home trade or limited coast-trade ships.

(2.) Such period of sea service shall include—

(a) one year and six months in a capacity not lower than First Mate of a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate of grade not lower than that of First Mate of a foreign-going ship;

(b) two years in a capacity not lower than that of second of three watchkeeping officers, on a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship;

(c) two years and six months in a capacity not lower than third of three watchkeeping officers on a foreign-going ship, whilst holding a certificate of grade not lower than that of First Mate of a foreign-going ship;

(d) three years as Master of a home trade or limited coast-trade ship, during at least one year of which he shall have held a certificate of grade not lower than that of Second Mate of a foreign-going ship or Master of a limited coast-trade ship, sub-grade A;

(e) two years and three months in a capacity not lower than that of First or Only Mate of a home trade or limited coast-trade ship, whilst holding a certificate of grade not lower than that of First Mate of a foreign-going ship;

(f) where the length of the voyage between terminal ports of a limited coast-trade ship is not less than 500 miles, three years in a capacity not lower than that of second of three watchkeeping officers on such limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship; or

(g) where the length of the voyage between terminal ports of a limited coast-trade ship is not less than 500 miles, three years and nine months in a capacity not lower than that of third of three watchkeeping officers on such limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship.

(3.) A candidate who possesses or is entitled to a certificate of service as Master may be examined for a certificate of competency without producing any evidence of sea service.

Syllabus—Master (Foreign-going).

40. Every candidate for a foreign-going certificate as Master shall be examined in the following subjects:—

(1.) Paper 1. (Written)—

practical navigation. (3 hours.)

A short recapitulation paper in navigation on the syllabus for Second Mate and First Mate, which should include Chart Work.

* For the convenience of calculation the service required is stated in a tabular form in Appendix B.

(2.) Paper 2, (Written)—

meteorology. (2 hours.)

Ocean pilotage, i.e., general knowledge of winds and currents, and the selection of routes according to season. Icebergs, ice signals, and ice navigation.

To be able to plot observations of ships and coast stations, received by wireless, and to construct a simple weather chart. To understand the use of the observation of the change of the barometer by single and collective observations; and to make deductions as to probable changes of weather along the proposed track of his ship.

A general knowledge of the system of wireless weather signals (when one International system is brought about).

(3.) Paper 3. (Written)—

ship construction and stability. (8 hours.)

(a) The direction of simple ship repairs. Drawing up of simple specifications.

(b) A fuller knowledge of ship construction than in previous examinations. General structure—transverse and longitudinal girders; keels; stern frame, stem and rudder post; centre keelson; bilge and side keelsons; side stringers; tank margin, intercostals; transverse framing; shell plating; rudder propeller brackets, masts and derricks.

Classification of ships. Tonnage—measurement and registration, Freeboard.

Treatment of accidents and damage—collision, springing leaks.

Possible strains incurred by action of waves, improper loading or ballasting, &c.

Working of ship, division of loads.

(c) Stability diagrams and use of stability curves and information. Effect of beam and freeboard on stability. Practical operations to ensure ship stability at sea. Ship with a list. Management of ballast tanks. Effect of free liquid surfaces and risks of flooding hold spaces, filling and emptying tanks at sea. Suspended weights and shifting cargoes. Deck cargoes. Homogeneous cargoes. Ballasting. Effect of admission of water into interior of a ship. Flooded compartments. Stability and trim of a stranded ship. Trim—moment to change trim.

(4.) Paper 4. (Written)—

english. (2 hours.)

This paper will test the candidate’s ability to write clear and grammatical English, with good spelling and penmanship. It will be in no sense a test of technical or legal knowledge.

(5.) Paper 5. (Written)—

ship’s business. (2 hours.)

(The legal information required will not go beyond the outline of Mercantile Law which the shipmaster must know for practical purposes.)

(a) The official log and reports on exceptional entries.

(b) A shipmaster’s knowledge of the law relating to:—

(1.) Engagement, discharge and management of a ship’s crew. Ship’s articles of agreement. Discipline and treatment of offences. Wages and other remuneration. Food and accommodation. Entering and clearing the ship. National Insurance of crew.

(2.) Tonnage, lifesaving appliances, salvage and assistance and, in general, the safety of ship, crew and passengers.

(3.) Loadline marks and entries and reports to be made respecting them. Surveys required by law.

(4.) Hygiene of ships, living spaces, holds, &c. Water. Fresh and preserved food. Infectious diseases. The law relating to them and the procedure on board in such cases. Quarantine procedure. Recognition and simple treatment of common illness, e.g., fevers, &c. [See the Ship Captain’s Medical Guide.]

(5.) The carriage of emigrants.

(c) A simple knowledge of the law relating to cargo, including a knowledge of shipowners’ liabilities in carriage of cargo.

(d) A general knowledge of shipping business and documents—charter parties, bills of lading, &c. A knowledge of average—general and particular. Flotsam and jetsam.

(6.) Paper 6. (Written)—

magnetic compass. (2 hours.)

Proofs of formulae not required.

(a) Terrestrial magnetism.—Variation. Local attraction. Horizontal force and its varying strength in different parts of the globe with the effect of its change upon deviation.

(b) Properties of magnets.—Meaning of the terms “Hard” and “Soft” Iron. Effect of magnets on a compass needle under varying conditions. Precautions with regard to electric lighting leads and other electric fields. Sub-permanent magnetism and its effects at sea.

(c) Compass compensation.—Methods of swinging ship to obtain a deviation table. Use of curves of deviation. Constant semicircular and quadrantal deviation. To analyse a table of deviation, obtaining and explaining the approximate co-efficients A, B, C, D, E. General principle of compass correction and the method of correction of B, C and D.

(d) Heeling error.—The nature of the deviation caused and the effect on a ship with a list and when rolling. Method of correction.

(e) A candidate may be required, at some stage in the examination, to carry out certain practical operations of correction on a compass in a binnacle, and/or to construct a deviation table for that compass.

(7.) Paper 7. (Written)—

engineering knowledge (including carriage of refrigerated cargoes). (3 hours.)

(The requirements will not go beyond the knowledge that could be obtained by a deck officer who takes an intelligent interest in the machinery of the ship and supplements by a little reading what he has learnt in this way.)

(a) The meaning of general engineering terms, e.g. horse power, slip and pitch of propeller, link, latent heat of steam, superheated steam, &c.

A general knowledge of a marine boiler and furnaces, and the procedure for raising steam. The general action of a reciprocating steam engine. Principle of the condenser. Distribution of steam from boiler to engines—valves and pipelines. Admission to engine —slide valves, eccentrics, expansion link. Starting gear. Simple description (without detail) of various parts of engines and boilers —e.g. connecting rod, crank, piston and rings, packing of piston rods, relief valves and cylinder drains, line shafting, couplings, tail shaft, stern tube and packing. Auxiliaries and their uses—circulating pump, air pump, feed pump, bilge pump. Action of propeller. Thrust block. Attachment of propeller to shaft.

Oil fired furnaces and use of oil fuel. A simple knowledge of turbine machinery and of Diesel engines. Warming up and turning engines. Stopping and going astern—how done. A knowledge of what is required in the engine room on the receipt of manœuvring orders from the bridge. Fuel consumption and economical speeds, Power and speed curves. Effect of alterations of speed on fuel consumption and estimation of adequacy of fuel to complete a given voyage.

(b) An elementary knowledge of refrigeration on board ship. Types of refrigeration on board ships. Types of refrigeration employed in special cases. Stowage and general handling of refrigerated cargoes.

(8.) Oral portion—

1.—(a) Exceptional circumstances—loss of rudder; shifting a damaged rudder. Construction of jury rudders. Making and launching of rafts. Collision. Leaks. Damage of all kinds. Running repairs and precautions in case of accidents. Grounding —methods of refloating. Beaching a vessel. Steps to be taken when disabled and in distress.

(b) Preservation of crew and passengers in the event of wreck. Abandoning a wrecked ship. Rockets and rocket apparatus. Communications with the shore.

(d) Towing and being towed.

(e) Bad weather manœuvres. Precautions at anchor and at sea. Use of oil.

Anchoring and working anchors and cables in all circumstances. Approaching rivers and harbours and manœuvring in them.

guarding of cargo.

(f) Drydocking. General procedure and precautions to be observed. Distribution of weight. Drydocking with full cargo for inspection of propellers or shafting. Bilge beds. Leaving the vessel water borne. Putting into port with damage to ship and/or cargo, both from business and technical points of view. Safe-

(g) Prevention of fire at sea. Spontaneous combustion of fuel cargoes. Full knowledge of the use of fire extinguishing appliances and precautions to be observed in cases of danger to life. Special reference to extinguishing of oil fuel fires.

(h) Methods of fumigating holds and living spaces and safeguards in applying them.

(i) General organization of ship’s work and handling of crew.

2.—Regulations for prevention of collisions at sea, &c.

In accordance with the requirements of Section 5 (Oral) of paragraph (7.) of regulation 35.

3.—Signals.

In accordance with the requirements of Section 6 (Oral), of paragraph (7.) of regulation 35.

4.—The examiner may ask the candidate questions arising out of the written work, if he deems it necessary on account of weakness shown by the candidate.

Division 5.—Extra Master.

Examination for certificate as Extra Master.

41.—(1.) An examination may be held for an Extra Master’s Certificate.

(2.) Such certificate shall entitle the holder to go to sea as Master of any mechanically-propelled vessel.

(3.) A candidate for Extra Master who wishes to be qualified to act as Master of sailing ships may, upon the performance of the necessary sea service in sailing ships, be examined for a sailing ship endorsement as Master at the time of such examination.

Time when examination may be held.

42. A candidate may be examined for an Extra Master’s certificate when he is qualified to be examined for a Master’s foreign-going certificate, or at any time subsequent to his having passed the examination for that certificate.

Syllabus—Extra Master.

43.—(1.) Every candidate for an Extra Master’s certificate shall—

(a) be examined in the subjects mentioned in sub-regulation (3) of this regulation;

(b) possess such mathematical and scientific knowledge as will enable him to have a thorough understanding of his technical subjects; and

(2.) The oral examination shall include a viva voce examination on the matter prescribed for the written papers and the results of such viva voce examination shall be taken into account in assessing marks for written papers.

(3.) Subject to the preceding sub-regulations of this regulation, the subjects of the examination for an Extra Master’s certificate shall include the following:—

(1.) Paper 1. (Written)—

mathematics. (3 hours.)

(a) Mensuration and Drawing (proofs not required).—Areas, perimeters and general properties of triangles, parallelograms, polygons, circles, segments and sectors of circles. Areas of irregular figures and waterplanes. Volumes and surface areas of parallelopipeds, cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges and ship-shaped bodies. Simple drawing in plan and elevation (i.e. elements of solid geometrical drawing). Beading of simple engineering and shipbuilding drawings.

(b) Algebra.—The evaluation of formulae. The solution of equations of the first degree with one or two variables; quadratics; problems involving these. Powers and indices. Logarithms and their properties. Arithmetical and geometrical progressions. Simple graphical methods, including graphical solution of equations. Use of curves.

(c) Geometry.—A knowledge of the substance of the geometrical properties of the following so far as they are dealt with in the propositions of Euclid indicated—

Straight lines...................	Bk.	I.	13, 14, 15.
Parallel straight lines..............	Bk.	I.	27, 28, 29, 80.
Properties of angles of triangles.......	Bk.	I.	32 (and cor.).
Congruence of triangles and properties of triangles	Bk.	I.	4, 8, 26, 5, 6.
Parallelograms..................	Bk.	I.	33, 34.
Areas........................	Bk.	I.	35, 41 and 43.
Relation between squares on sides of right-angled triangle
Relation between squares on sides of right-angled triangle	Bk.	I.	47.
Notions on loci..................
Geometry of Circle—
Chords.....................	Bk.	III.	3, 14, 15.
Properties of angles in a circle.....	Bk.	III.	20, 21, 22, 31, 33, 26–29.
Tangent properties.............	Bk.	III.	16, 18, 19.

Practical geometry—

Bisection of angles and straight lines.

Construction of perpendiculars to straight lines.

Drawing of parallels to given straight line.

Construction of triangles and quadrilaterals from given data.

Division of straight lines into any number of equal parts.

Construction of circle through three points or circumscribing a triangle.

Construction of tangents to a circle at a given point or from an external point.

Construction of common tangent to two circles.

Construction of circle touching the three sides of a given triangle.

Construction of circles from sufficient data.

Construction of segment of circle containing a given angle.

Elementary ideas on solid geometry, e.g., angle between planes, angle between line and plane, geometry of the sphere.

(d) Trigonometry.

(i) Plane—

Measurement of angles, circular measure and its applications. Solution of plane triangles.

Graphs of trigonometrical functions.

Formulae for trigonometrical ratios of sum and difference of two angles.

Trigonometrical functions of A/2 given those of A. Haversines.

Transformation of formulae for logarithmic calculation.

For small angles, sin x = x sin 1”. Construction of tables.

(ii) Spherical—

General ideas on the sphere and spherical triangles. The fundamental formulae for the solution of a spherical triangle.

i.e. cos a = cos b cos c + sin b sin c cos A and

Conversion for logarithmic computation by the use of the haversines, i.e., hav a = hav (b ~ c) + sin b sin c hav A, and hav A = cosec b cosec c √ hav (a —b ~ c) hav (a + b ~ c). Solution of right angled spherical triangles and quadrantal triangles.

(2.) Paper 2—

general science. (3 hours.)

(a) Mechanics—

(i) Velocity; acceleration; uniform motion in a straight line. Composition and resolution of velocities and accelerations. Relative velocity. Currents and apparent wind. The laws of motion. Mass. Force. Weight. Inertia. Momentum. Relation between force, time and momentum; relation between force, mass and acceleration. Conservation of momentum. Motion under gravitational forces. Work. Energy—Kinetic and potential. Conservation of energy. Rate of doing work. Horse power. Use of fly wheels. Uniform circular motion. Angular velocity. Simple harmonic motion. Pendulums. Connecting rods and cranks.

(ii) Force and its graphical representation. Composition and resolution of forces. Parallel forces. Equilibrium of a rigid body in two dimensions. Centre of gravity.

Theorem of moments. Couples. Bending moments and shearing forces. Work done by a force. Graphical representation. Transmission of work. Friction and its laws. Simple machines—Levers, inclined plane, wheel and axle, capstan. Pulleys—simple and differential.

(b) Hydrostatics.—Pressure of fluids, Principle of Archimedes. Density and Specific Gravity. Hydrometers. Displacement of a a ship. Laws of equilibrium of floating bodies. Buoyancy. Centre of buoyancy. Centres of pressure. Hydraulic machines—presses and pumps.

Gases—Boyle’s Law. Atmospheric pressure. Barometer. Sounding tubes. Pressure gauges and manometers.

(c) Heat.—Temperature and its measurement. Expansion of solids, liquids and gases. Applications. Maximum density of water. Specific heat. Change of state—fusion and solidification. Latent heat. Vaporisation and condensation. Hygrometry. Conduction, convection and radiation of heat.

(d) Light.—Shadows and eclipses. Reflection—plane mirrors. Refraction. Prisms and lenses. Telescopes. Sextant and errors. Other optical instruments used at sea.

(e) Sounds.—Production and propagation of sound. Transmission and velocity. Reflection and refraction of sound. Effects of temperature and wind on transmission of sound waves.

(3.) Paper 3—

navigation. (3 hours.)

A comprehensive knowledge of modern navigational methods, and facility in their use, together with:—

Determination of error of chronometer by the use of an artificial or natural horizon. Proofs of methods and formulae in use in modern navigational practice. Comparison of different methods of determining observer’s position. Equivalent of position lines determined by any recognised method. True position from several observations. The “cocked hat” and the limited area, most probable position. True position when errors occur in estimated position. Altitudes or time. Selection of heavenly bodies for observations. Selection of objects for fixes. Good and bad fixes. Various methods of fixing ship. Accuracy and limitations. Most favourable conditions. Theory of sextant and vernier. Errors of collimation and parallelism. Description and use of all apparatus to safeguard navigation in the open sea and coastwise, e.g., sounding machines, including sonic sounding gear, wireless navigational instruments and methods, &c. Theory of tides. Tidal tables and their use, including the harmonic method of prediction. Tidal streams. Abnormal tides. The behaviour of a freely mounted gyroscope and effect of suspension. Precession. The earth’s rotation and its influence on a gyroscope. Principles of the gyro compass. Damping. Course and speed errors. Ballistic deflection.

(4.) Paper 4—

chart work. (2 hours.)

A complete knowledge of charts and information given by a chart. All methods of fixing ship by observations of terrestrial objects and a combination of observations on celestial and terrestrial objects. The principles of navigation in pilotage waters and avoidance of danger, both in clear weather and fog. The laying off of great circle and composite tracks on Gnomonic and Mercator’s charts and the use of Great Circle tables.

(5.) Paper 5—

chart construction and marine surveying. (3 hours.)

The theory and construction of charts on Mercator’s principle. Candidates may be asked to construct and use such a chart. The principles of the construction of a Gnomonic chart (without proof) and the special case of Polar charts. Candidates will not be asked to construct such a chart.

Elementary hydrographic surveying. Charting on an existing chart of objects useful for navigation. Scale making and the laying off of angles. Methods of fixing position. Method of running lines of soundings.

(6.) Paper 6—

magnetism and electricity, including the magnetic compass. (3 hours.)

Electric currents and their production. Simple cells. Electromotive force, resistance and current. Ohm’s Law. Polarisation. Magnetic fields and lines of force. Induced magnetism. Hard and soft iron. The magnetic field of conductors. Carrying current. Solenoids and electro-magnets. Terrestrial magnetism. Horizontal force, vertical force, and dip. The effect, of magnetic fields of all descriptions on the compass needle. Elementary principles of dynamos and motors. Application to winches. Electric lighting and arc lights.

A fuller knowledge of the syllabus in Compass Correction for Master, with, in addition, the correction of coefficient E. The components of the permanent magnetism of the ship, P, Q, and R; the soft iron rods, a, c, e & k. The relation severally of these components and rods to the various coefficients and to heeling error.

Swinging ship. Construction of deviation tables by bearings of a distant object, reciprocal bearings and azimuths of a heavenly body. Practical analysis of a deviation table and practical compass correction.

(7.) Paper 7—

construction, working and upkeep of ships. (3 hours.)

Classification of ships. Registration societies. Displacements. Weight of hull. Capacity. Draught. Freeboard. Block coefficient. Gross deadweight and nett tonnage. The interpretation of plans. Principal structural members. Longitudinal and transverse framing. Scantlings. Reverse frames. Beams. Cellular double bottoms, &c. Watertight sub-division, water ballast arrangements. Elements of structure, e.g. keels, decks, bulkheads, shell plating,

rivets and riveting, hatches, &c. Types of ship. Tonnage rules, &c. Consideration of construction—weight, fittings. Shipyard practice. Laying off. Mould loft. Scrieve board, launching, &c. Material of construction and their properties. Steel and iron. Notions of strains and stresses in metals—tension, torsion, compression, bending and shearing. Stresses and strain in ships.

Stability. The theory and calculations involved in a determination of the stability of a vessel in light and loaded condition. Experimental determination of stability of a ship. Use of stability curves and information. Dynamic stability—roiling, &c. Ballasting, loading. Effect of admission of water into interior of a ship. Trim.

(8.) Paper 8—

commercial and legal knowledge. (2 hours.)

(a) A shipmaster’s knowledge of the Merchant Shipping Acts relating to Registry, Masters and Seamen, safety of ships, delivery of goods, liability of shipowners, wreck and salvage, pilotage and emigrants.

(b) A shipmaster’s knowledge of the general management of ship’s business, documents and procedure with Customs, &c., obligations and liabilities of owner and master, with respect to passengers, cargo and ship. Charter parties and expenses involved (various kinds). Demurrage, claims, &c.

(c) Port machinery—use of quays. Sheds, warehouses, docks and waterside termini. Administration and working of ports. Cranes and their use—steam, hydraulic, floating, movable. Coaling apparatus. Mineral and grain elevators. Graving docks. Floating docks.

(9.) Paper 9—

oceanography and economic geography. (3 hours.)

A fuller knowledge of meteorology and meteorological instruments than that required for Master. Winds, currents, ice limits, &c., for the globe. General characters of the seas—deeps, surface temperatures, surface densities. Oceanic circulation. Floating ice.

Principal world products and sources of supply:—Mineral, e.g. coal, ores, stones, oils and their products. Vegetable, e.g. cereals, fruit, textile plants, forests for wood, gums and rubber. Coffee, tea, sugar, spices, &c. Animal-food, chilled and frozen meats and fish. Comparative knowledge of imports and exports, tonnage, movements of ships, port activities. Main routes of communication. Freight variations and their causes.

(10.) Oral—

The candidate will be examined in the seamanship syllabus laid down for a Master’s foreign-going certificate, and he will be expected to reach a higher standard in his answers than a candidate for a Master’s certificate.

The candidate will also be examined orally on the syllabuses for his written work, and questions will be so designed as to allow the candidate, where desirable, to amplify his written work.

36.—8

Division 6.—Sailing Ship Endorsements.

Sailing ship endorsements.

44.—(1.) A candidate for a sailing ship endorsement of any grade who has not previously held an endorsement of a lower grade or an Ordinary or Fore-and-aft certificate of a lower grade issued prior to January, 1931, shall prove that he has had 12 months’ service in the foreign-going trade or 18 months in the home trade, or limited coast trade, in a sailing vessel.

(2.) Service in vessels with auxiliary steam or motor power, which use their propelling machinery only in calms or during light winds, shall be deemed to be service performed in sailing vessels.

(3.) Subject to the last two preceding sub-regulations, a candidate may be examined for a sailing ship endorsement for any grade, either for square rig or fore-and-aft rig, at the same time as he is examined for a certificate of competency of the same or of a higher grade.

(4.) If a candidate desires to be examined for a sailing ship endorsement only, he shall possess a certificate of competency of at least the same grade as the endorsement which he requires.

(5.) Where a candidate for a sailing ship endorsement fails in his examination and the examiner considers further sea service necessary, such sea service shall be served in the class of vessel for which the endorsement is required.

Second mate, Sailing Ship endorsement.

45. Every candidate for a Second Mate’s sailing ship endorsement shall understand and give satisfactory answers on the following subjects:—

(a) The standing and running rigging of ships;

(b) Bending, unbending, setting, reefing, taking in, and furling sail;

(d) Management of a ship when under canvas;

(e) The Rule of the Road as regards sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals; and

(f) Any questions appertaining to the duties of a Second Mate of a sailing ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

First Mate, sailing ship endorsement.

46. In addition to the qualifications required for a Second Mate’s sailing ship endorsement, every candidate for a First Mate’s sailing ship endorsement shall show a knowledge of the following subjects:—

(a) Shifting large spars, rigging sheers, taking lower masts in and out;

(b) How to moor and unmoor ship; to keep a clear anchor; and to carry out an anchor;

(d) How to secure the masts in the event of accident to the bowsprit;

(e) How to rig purchases for getting heavy weights, anchors, machinery, &c., in or out;

(f) How to get a cast of the deep sea lead in heavy weather;

(g) Accidents, and how to deal with them; and

(h) Any other questions appertaining to the duties of an Only or First Mate of a sailing ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Master, sailing ship endorsement.

47. In addition to the qualifications required for the sailing ship endorsement for Second and First Mate, every candidate for a Master’s sailing ship endorsement shall show a knowledge of the following subjects:—

(a) Management of ship in heavy weather;

(b) Rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel;

(c) Steps to be taken when a ship is on her beam ends, or in any danger or difficulty, or disabled or unmanageable and on a lee shore;

(d) Heaving a keel out; and

(e) Any other question appertaining to the management of a sailing ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Part IV.—qualifications and examinations for limited Coast-trade Certificates.

Division 1.—Preliminary.

Total sea service—Limited coast-trade certificate.

48.—(1.) The requirements as to the total period of sea service prescribed for any certificate in this Part shall be regarded as satisfied when the whole of the service has been performed at sea in either foreign-going or limited coast-trade ships in one or more of the capacities specified in regulation 114 of these Regulations.

(2.) Where the whole or any part of the total period of sea service prescribed for any Limited Coast-trade Certificate has been served in ships or capacities other than those referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation, such service shall be regarded as equivalent to a part only of a similar period served in limited coast-trade ships, and its proportionate value, with respect to qualifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations contained in Part VII. of these Regulations.

Division 2.—Ordinary Certificates—Limited Coast-trade.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE A), LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

Value of Ordinary Certificates (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

49. An Ordinary Certificate (Sub-grade A), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any ship employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate.

ordinary certificate, second mate, sub-grade a, limited coast-trade.

Qualifications—Ordinary Certificate, Second Mate, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

50. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship, shall be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served three years at sea, of which time he shall have served not less than twelve months in square-rigged sailing vessels.

Examination in Navigation.—Ordinary Certificate Second Mate, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

51.—(1.) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship, may be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write English and to spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, involving the use of the tables of money, length, avoirdupois and time;

(c) to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer and the distance on each course from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position, together with the set and drift (if any), on a chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing;

(d) to find the time of high water at a given place by the aid of the Admiralty or local tide tables, and give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables.

(2.) The candidate shall be examined orally in—

(a) the International Code of Signals and the Allied Signal Manual. He shall attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in semaphore and six words a minute in Morse flashing (see Appendix D).

(b) the markings, signs and abbreviations on Admiralty charts or plans.

Examination in Seamanship. Ordinary Certificate, Second Mate, Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

52.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship, shall show a knowledge of—

(a) the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(b) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot;

(d) stowing and discharging cargo;

(e) the rigging of all classes of vessels, and bending, making and taking in sail;

(f) the mooring and unmooring of vessels at a wharf, and the precautions then to be observed with regard to outlying gear, steering gear connexions and propellers;

(g) the marking and use of lead and log lines and the use and upkeep of mechanical sounding machines and logs;

(h) management of ships’ boats;

(i) the use of the rocket apparatus, and position of the local rocket stations;

(j) the use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks and deck appliances.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Second Mate of a limited coast trade ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

ordinary certificate, first mate, sub-grade a, limited coast-trade.

Qualifications—Ordinary Certificate, First Mats (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

53. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which—

(a) one year shall have been in square-rigged sailing vessels; and

(b) one year shall have been in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.

Examination in Navigation—Ordinary Certificate, First Mate, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

54.—(1.) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship may be required—

(a) to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, deviation and variation;

(b) to find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the sun;

(c) to find the true amplitude of the sun, and the error of the compass therefrom; also the deviation, the variation feeing given;

(d) to find the true azimuth of the sun by the Time Azimuth tables; the error of the compass, also the deviation, the variation being given;

(e) to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer and the distance on each course from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position, together with the set and drift (if any), on the chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also, the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing; to find on a chart or plan the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given tide or current, and the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a given time; to fix a ship’s position on a chart or plan by horizontal sextant angles, using a station pointer; and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart; and give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables; and to use danger angles and clearing marks, and wireless bearings.

(2.) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—

(a) The International Code of Signals and the Allied Signal Manual. He must attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in semaphore and six words a minute in Morse flashing (see Appendix D).

(b) The use and adjustments of the sextant, reading on and off the arc, and the mode of finding the index error by the horizon;

(d) The markings, signs and abbreviations on Admiralty charts or plans;

(e) Keeping a ship’s log-book; and

(f) The principal local lights and the currents along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate.

Examination in Seamanship—Ordinary Certificate, First Mate, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

55.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) the working of a ship’s windlass, anchors and cables; how to mark and take cables on board, mooring and unmooring at an anchorage; tending ship at anchor;

(d) taking a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather;

(e) the rigging of purchases and sheers for heavy lifts;

(f) the rigging and use of a sea anchor;

(g) the duties of a mate as officer of the watch, and when staying or wearing ship;

(h) the effect of the propeller on the steering of a steam-ship when going ahead or astern; and

(i) the best method of turning a steam-ship short round under various conditions of wind, weather and current.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of First Mate of a limited coast-trade ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

ordinary certificate, master, sub-grade a, limited coast-trade.

Qualifications—Ordinary Certificate, Master, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

56. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty-three years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which—

(a) one year must have been in a square-rigged sailing vessel; and

(b) (i) one year in a capacity not lower than that of First Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of First Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade; or

(ii) one year in a capacity not lower than Second Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of First Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade; and in addition, one and a half years in a capacity not lower than Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.

Examination in Navigation—Ordinary Certificate, Master, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

57.—(1.) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship may be required—

(a) to do any of the work prescribed in regulation 54;

(b) to find the current in the day’s work, when the position by observation is given;

(c) to compute the true course and distance from one given position to another by Mercator’s method, and also to determine the compass course, the deviation and variation being given;

(d) to find the true bearing of any heavenly body by means of Azimuth or Amplitude Tables; and from a compass bearing, to determine compass error;

(e) to find the magnetic bearing of a distant object by swinging on equidistant compass points; to compute a deviation table;

(f) to find latitude by meridian altitude of sun, or star;

(g) to find longitude by chronometer from altitude of sun or star;

(h) to give written answer to practical questions on the deviation of the compass; and

(i) to give a written explanation of any given terms commonly used in navigation or nautical astronomy.

(2.) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—

(a) the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of the crew, and the entries to be made in the official log book;

(b) bills of lading, charter parties, invoices, surveys; and

Examination in Seamanship—Ordinary Certificate, Master, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

58.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) taking lower masts in and out;

(d) the measures to be taken when a ship is in danger through heavy weather, disablement, fire, collision, or grounding;

(e) the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts;

(f) resources for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;

(g) the best method of towing vessels disabled in any particular manner; and

(h) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other question appertaining to the duties of Master in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

ORDINARY CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE B), LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

Value of Ordinary Certificates (Sub-grade B), L.C.T.

59. An Ordinary Certificate (Sub-grade B), limited coast-trade shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a ship under 300 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in a lower capacity in a ship of any tonnage employed within those limits.

ordinary certificate, mate, sub-grade b, limited coast-trade.

Qualifications-Ordinary Certificate, Mate (Sub-grade B), L.C.T.

60. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which time he shall have served not less than twelve months in square-rigged sailing vessels.

Examination in Navigation.

61. The examination in Navigation for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 51 for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship.

Examination in Seamanship—Ordinary Certificate, Mate, (Sub-grade B), L.C.T.

62.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) the windlass and tending ship at anchor;

(d) taking a cast of the deep-sea lead;

(e) the mate’s duties as officer of the watch and when staying or wearing ship;

(f) keeping the ship’s log-book; and

(g) the principal characteristics of the local lights.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate, Sub-grade B, that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

ordinary certificate, master, sub-grade b, limited coast-trade.

Qualifications—Ordinary Certificate, Master, (Sub-grade b), L.C.T.

63. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty-two years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which—

(a) one year shall have been in a square-rigged sailing vessel; and

(b) one year in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.

Examination in Navigation.

64. The examination in Navigation for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 54 for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship.

Examination in Seamanship—Ordinary Certificate, Master (Sub-grade b), L.C.T.

65.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) taking lower masts in and out;

(d) the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts;

(e) resources for preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;

(f) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel;

(g) the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of the crew and the entries to be made in the official log book;

(h) bills of lading, charter parties, surveys; and

(i) winds and currents along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of a Master in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Division 3.—Fore-and-aft Certificates—Limited Coast-trade.

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADES A AND B), LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grades A, and B), L.C.T.

66.—(1.) A fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade A), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any fore-and-aft rigged vessel employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate.

(2.) A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade B), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel under 300 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel of any tonnage employed within those limits.

Qualifications—Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grades a and B), L.C.T.

67. The qualifications as to age and sea service of a candidate for a Fore-and-Aft Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as are prescribed in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding grades and sub-grades (if any) of Ordinary Certificates, limited coast-trade, excepting only that the service required to have been performed in sailing vessels may have been performed in fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessels.

Examination.

68. The examination of a candidate for a Fore-and-aft Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding grade and sub-grade (if any) of Ordinary Certificates, limited coast-trade, excepting only that as regards seamanship a knowledge of the management of square-rigged vessels shall not be required.

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE C), LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grade C), L.C.T.

69. A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade C), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel under 100 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in any lower capacity determined in the manner prescribed in the Second Schedule.

fore-and-aft certificate, mate (sub-grade c), limited coast-trade.

Qualifications—Fore-and-aft Certificate Mate, (Sub-grade C), L.C.T.

70. A candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served three years at sea, of which one year shall have been in sailing vessels.

Examination in Navigation.

71. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write English and to spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, involving the use of the tables of money, and avoirdupois;

(d) to know the lights, tides, dangers and storm signals along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate; and

(e) to possess a fair working knowledge of the International Code of Signals.

Examination in Seamanship—Fore-and-aft Certificate, Mate, (Sub-grade C), L.C.T.

72.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals:

(b) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot;

(d) stowing and discharging cargo;

(e) the rigging of fore-and-aft-rigged vessels, and the bending, making and taking in of fore-and-aft sails;

(f) the mooring and unmooring of a vessel at a wharf or in a roadstead;

(g) the marking and use of the lead and log lines;

(h) the use of the rocket apparatus and position of the local rocket stations; and

(i) use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks and deck appliances.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate of a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

fore-and-aft certificate, master, sub-grade c, limited coast-trade.

Qualifications—Fore-and-aft Certificate Master, (Sub-grade C), L.C.T.

73. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty-one years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which—

(a) one year shall have been in sailing vessels; and

(b) one year in a capacity for which a certificate not lower than that of

Mate, sub-grade C; or

Master, sub-grade D,

of a limited coast-trade ship is required.

Examination in Navigation.

74. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be required—

(a) to do all of the work prescribed in regulation 51, and

(b) to find the latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.

Examination in Seamanship—Fore-and-aft Certificate Master, (Sub-grade C), L.C.T.

75.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship;

(b) action to be taken in case of accident to the vessel;

(d) the management of a vessel under fore-and-aft canvas, and also of a steam-ship in heavy weather; and

(e) the law as to the engagement and discharge of the crew and the entries to be made in the official log.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master of a vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE D), LIMITED COAST-TRADE.

Value, of Certificate, Master, (Sub-grade D), L.C.T,

76. A Fore-and-Aft Certificate (Sub-grade D), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve as Master of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel under 50 tons net register trading within a radius of 50 nautical miles from the port specified in the certificate, or as Mate of a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel under 100 tons net register trading within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade determined for that sort by the Governor-General.

fore-and-aft certificate, master, sub-grade d, limited coast-trade.

Qualifications-Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master (Sub-grade D), L.C.T.

77. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade D, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be not less than twenty years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which one year shall have been in sailing vessels.

Examination in Navigation

78. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade D, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be required—

(a) to do all of the work prescribed in regulation 71;

(b) to understand the use of Mercator’s chart; to lay down the position of the ship on a “magnetic” chart, having given the bearing and distance of an object, or from cross bearings of two objects; to find the compass course and the distance from one given position to another; and

Examination in Seamanship.

79. The examination in Seamanship for a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade D, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship shall include a knowledge of the seamanship prescribed by regulation 72 of these Regulations for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship, with such additional questions relating to the duties of Master of a vessel in the limited coast-trade as the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Division 4.—Steamship Certificates—Limited Coast-trade.

Value of Steam-ship Certificates, limited coast trade.

80. A Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall have the same value with respect to the capacities in which the holder may serve and to distance and tonnage limits as is prescribed by these Regulations for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ships, but shall be valid for steam-ships only.

Qualifications—Steam-ship Certificates—limited coast-trade.

81. The qualifications as to age and sea service of a candidate for a Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as are prescribed by these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ships, excepting only that the whole of the service may have been performed in steam-ships.

Examination—Steam-ship Certificates—limited coast trade.

82. The examination of a candidate for a Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ships, excepting only that as regards seamanship a knowledge of the management of a sailing vessel shall not be required.

Past V.—Qualifications and Examinations for River and Bay Certificates.

Division 1.—Preliminary.

Total sea service required for River and Bay Certificates.

83. The whole of the service required to qualify for any certificate for river and bay ships may have been performed in vessels engaged in the river and bay trade, but in the case of candidates for a certificate as Master of a river and bay ship, at least one year of the total service shall have been performed in the particular river and bay trade for which the certificate is desired.

Division 2.—Fore-and-aft Certificates—River and Bay Trade.

FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADES A AND B), RIVER AND BAY TRADE.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grade A), river and bay trade.

84. A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade A), river and bay trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any fore-and-aft-rigged vessel employed within the limits of the particular section of the river and bay trade specified in the certificate.

fore-and-aft certificate, mate, sub-grade a, river and bay trade.

Qualification—Fore-and-aft Certificate, Mate (Sub-grade A), river and bay trade.

85. A candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship shall be not less than eighteen years of age, and have served three years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time not less than one year shall have been in sailing vessels.

Examination.

86. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship shall be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write simple English and to spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division;

(d) to know the port signals and the lights, tides, and dangers of the locality;

(e) to have a thorough knowledge of the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights, and fog and sound signals;

(f) to show a knowledge of the windlass and of the precautions to be observed when coming to anchor;

(g) to know how to set and take in fore-and-aft sails;

(h) to show a knowledge of the use and action of the bulk-head sluices and of deck appliances in sailing and in steam vessels; and

(i) to give satisfactory answers to any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate in the river and bay trade which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

fore-and-aft certificate, master, sub-grade a, river and bay trade.

Qualifications—Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master (Sub-grade, A), river and bay trade.

87. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship shall be not less than twenty years of age, and have served four years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time—

(a) one year shall have been in sailing vessels; and

(b) one year in a capacity not lower than Master, Sub-grade B, or Mate, Sub-grade A, in the river and bay trade.

Examination.

88. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship shall be required—

(a) to work sums in compound addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, involving the use of the tables of money and avoirdupois;

(d) to know the lights, tides, and dangers of the locality and any special port signals in use;

(e) to show a knowledge of the management of a fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel when under sail;

(f) to know how to act in case of accidents to the vessel; and

(g) to answer any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master of a river and bay ship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

fore-and-aft certificate, master, sub-grade b, river and bay trade.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master (Sub-grade B), river and bay trade.

89. A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade B), river and bay trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve as Master of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, under 50 tons net register, employed within the limits of the particular section of the river and bay trade specified in the certificate, or as Mate of a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel of any tonnage employed within those limits.

Qualifications-Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master (Sub-grade B), river and bay trade.

90. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship shall be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served four years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time not less than one year shall have been in sailing vessels.

Examination.

91. The examination of a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 86 for a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship, with such additional questions relating to the duties of a master in the river and bay trade as the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Division 3.—Steamship Certificates—River and Bay Trade.

STEAMSHIP CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADES A AND B), RIVER AND BAY TRADE.

Value of Steamship Certificates, river and bay trade.

92. A Steam-ship Certificate as Master or Mate (Sub-grades A and B), river and bay trade, shall have the same value with respect to the capacities in which the lawful holder may serve and to distance and tonnage limits as is prescribed by these Regulations for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ships, but shall be valid for steamships only.

Qualifications—Steamship Certificates (Sub-grades A and B), river and bay trade.

93. The qualifications as to age and service of a candidate for a Steamship Certificate (Sub-grades A and B), river and bay trade, shall be the same as are prescribed by these Regulations for a candidate for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ships, excepting only that the whole of the service may have been performed in steamships.

Examination.

94. The examination of a candidate for a certificate as Master or Mate (Sub-grades A and B) of a river and bay steamship shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations for a candidate for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ships, excepting only that with regard to seamanship, a knowledge of the management of a sailing vessel shall not be required.

STEAMSHIP CERTIFICATES (SUB-GRADE C), RIVER AND BAY TRADE (RIVER MURRAY).

Value of Steamship Certificates (Sub-grade C), river find bay trade.

95. A Steamship Certificate (Sub-grade C), river and bay trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any steamship plying solely on the River Murray or its tributaries: Provided that a Certificate as Master endorsed with a tonnage limit shall not entitle the holder to serve as Master in vessels exceeding the tonnage so endorsed.

steamship certificate.—mate, sub-grade c, river and bay trade.

Qualifications—Steamship Certificate, Mate (Sub-grade C), river and bay trade.

96. A candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steam-ship shall be not less than eighteen years of age, and have served two years at sea or in the river and bay trade.

Examination.

97. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steamship shall be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction, of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write simple English and spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division;

(c) to know the Rule of the Road and the regulation lights, fog and sound signals for vessels plying on the River Murray or its tributaries; and

(d) to answer any questions appertaining to the duties of Mate of a river steamship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

steamship certificate.—master, sub-grade c, river, and bay trade.

Qualifications—Steamship, Certificate Master, (Sub-grade C), river and bay trade.

98.—(1.) A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steamship shall be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served three years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time he shall have served one year as mate or two years as barge master on the River Murray.

(2.) In the case of a candidate who has served for one year as Mate while not holding the requisite certificate, the certificate issued shall be endorsed as for steamships under 50 tons net registered tonnage only.

(3.) On production of proof that the applicant has served one year as Master of a vessel under 50 tons net registered tonnage, or one year as Mate of a vessel over 100 tons net registered tonnage, whilst holding

the endorsed certificate, he may, without further examination, be granted, in exchange for such certificate, a Sub-grade C certificate as Master without restriction as to tonnage.

Examination—Steamship Certificate, Master, (Sub-grade C), river and bay trade.

99. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steamship shall be required—

(a) to work sums in compound addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, involving the use of tables of money and avoirdupois;

(b) to answer questions on local knowledge of the River Murray and its tributaries;

(d) to answer any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master of a river steamship which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Part VI.—Qualifications and Examinations for Yacht Certificates and for Special Subjects.

100. Voluntary examinations shall be held to enable persons who are qualified to obtain the following certificates or endorsements:—

(a) Master of a British yacht;

(b) Master of an Australian yacht;

(d) Signalling.

Yacht Certificates.

101.—(1.) Any person who—

(a) commands his own British sea-going pleasure yacht;

(b) is the sole owner thereof; and

shall be eligible to sit for an examination for a certificate as Master of a British Yacht,

(2.) Only one description of certificate shall be issued, whether the yacht is foreign-going or cruises within the home trade or limited coast trade limits.

(3.) The certificate shall not entitle the holder to command any vessel except the pleasure yacht or yachts, of which he is, from time to time, sole owner.

(4.) A candidate shall not be required to have served any specified time afloat.

(5.) A candidate shall not be required to show testimonials of service, but shall be required to produce a statutory declaration to the effect—

(a) that he is sole owner of the yacht;

(b) that the yacht is sea-going; and

(6.) A candidate shall make application in accordance with Form M. & M.—B. at a Mercantile Marine Office and pay a fee of Three pounds.

(7.) A candidate shall not be required to produce a First Aid certificate.

(8.) Subject to the preceding sub-regulations of this regulation and the next two succeeding regulations, the regulations relating to examinations of Masters of foreign-going ships shall apply in the case of an examination for a certificate as Master of a British Yacht.

Yacht Master-Written Examination.

102. The written examination of a candidate for a certificate shall be the same as that prescribed for a Master’s foreign-going certificate:

Provided that a candidate shall be required to take the papers in navigation and chartwork laid down for the examination for a First Mate’s foreign-going certificate, and that the papers on ship’s business and engineering knowledge shall be omitted from the examination.

Yacht Master—Oral Examination.

103. A candidate for a certificate as Master of a British Yacht shall be required to undergo an oral examination in—

(a) the making and taking in sail, and the management of a yacht under canvas in moderate and in stormy weather;

(b) the Rule of the Road at sea as regards both steamers and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals, the signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals;

(d) the marking and using of lead and log lines, the casting of a vessel on a lee shore, the mooring and unmooring of a ship, the keeping of a clear anchor and the carrying out of an anchor;

(e) the keeping of his vessel out of the trough of the sea in the event of accident;

(f) the manner of rigging rafts and jury rudders, &c.;

(g) the steps to be taken when a yacht is disabled or unmanageable and drifting towards a lee shore;

(h) the preservation of the crew in the event of wreck;

(i) measures to be adopted for preventing and checking an outbreak of scurvy on board;

(j) the duties of a yacht Master under the Merchant Shipping Acts or the Act; and

(k) any other questions relating to the management of a yacht, either steam or sailing, which the Examiner asks.

Value of Certificate as Master of an Australian Yacht.

104. A certificate as Master of an Australian yacht shall entitle the holder to command, in Australian waters, any pleasure yacht of which he is at the time the sole owner.

Qualification—Master Australian Yachts.

105.—(1.) A candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian sea-going yacht shall be not less than 23 years of age.

(2.) Subject to regulations 21 and 22 and the next two succeeding regulations, a candidate shall, in all other respects, comply with the requirements of sub-regulations (4.)—(7.) of regulation 101.

Examination in Navigation.

106. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian yacht shall be required—

(a) to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, variation and deviation;

(b) to find by Time Azimuth tables the deviation of the compass, having the variation given;

(c) to find, on a chart or plan, the course or courses to steer and the distance from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position together with the set and drift (if any) on the chart from cross-bearing of two objects; to find

the ship’s position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing;

(d) to find the time of high water at a given place by the aid of the Admiralty or local tide-tables; and

(e) to attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in semaphore and six words a minute in Morse flashing.

Examination in seamanship.

107.—(1.) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian yacht shall show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) making and taking in sail, and the management of a yacht under steam or sail in any weather or position;

(b) the Rule of the Road at sea as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(d) any special port signals in use locally;

(e) marking and using the lead and log lines; and

(f) rigging and using a sea anchor.

(2.) The candidate shall also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the management of a yacht which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Compass deviation endorsement.

108.—(1.) Any person holding a certificate of any grade in the foreign or limited coast trade or home trade or as Master of his own pleasure yacht who desires to pass a voluntary examination in compass deviation, may upon application in accordance with Form M. & M.—B. and payment of a fee of Two pounds to the Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office, be examined at any time.

(2.) Upon passing the examination, an endorsement to that effect shall be made upon the candidate’s certificate.

(3.) In order to pass in the examination, a candidate shall obtain 85 per cent, of the marks allotted to the written part of the examination, and satisfy the Examiner in the oral and practical examination.

Signalling endorsement.

109.—(1.) Any person who holds or has passed for, or is a candidate for, a certificate of competency of any grade may undergo a voluntary examination in signalling in accordance with Appendix D.

(2.) Upon passing such voluntary examination, an endorsement to that effect together with the date and place of passing shall be recorded upon his certificate of competency.

(3.) The candidate shall be required to attain a minimum speed of twelve words a minute in semaphore and ten words a minute in Morse flashing. (See Appendix It.)

(4.) Where the voluntary examination in signalling is taken as part of the examination for a certificate of higher grade, and the candidate is successful thereat, an endorsement on the candidate’s certificate shall not be made, but a sectional pass form (Form M. & M.—EE. (1) shall be issued to him.

(5.) A candidate may be examined at any port where examinations are held upon completion of the form of application in accordance with Form M. & M.—B. and payment of the fee of £1 5s.

(6.) Where a candidate undergoes the examination in signalling at the same time as that at which he is examined for any certificate of competency, a fee shall not be charged for such signalling examination.

Part VII.—Estimation of Sea Service.

Total sea service—foreign-going Certificates.

110.—(1.) The requirements as to the total period of sea service prescribed for any foreign-going certificate shall be regarded as satisfied when the whole of the service has been performed at sea in the foreign-going or Australian trade in one or more of the capacities specified in regulation 114 of these Regulations.

(2.) Where the whole or any part of the total period of sea service prescribed for any foreign-going certificate has been served in the limited coast-trade, or in capacities other than those referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation, such service shall be regarded as equivalent to a part only of a similar period served in the foreign-going trade in one or more of the capacities specified in regulation 114, and its proportionate value, with respect to the qualifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations contained in Part VII. of these Regulations.

Value of service whist holding Home Trade Certificate.

111. Service performed in any capacity whilst holding a Home-Trade Certificate issued in the United Kingdom or by any authority mentioned in Appendix G. of these Regulations, shall be deemed equivalent to service performed in a similar capacity whilst holding any Limited Coast-trade Certificate issued under these Regulations.

Vessels in which service may be performed.

112.—(1.) Qualifying service as a seaman may be performed in any size of vessel.

(2.) Qualifying service as an officer may be performed in any vessel of 15 tons gross tonnage or more which carries a duly certificated Master.

(3.) Service as Master of a vessel under 15 tons gross shall not be accepted as officer’s service.

Sea services.

113.—(1.) Sea service shall be reckoned from the commencement to the termination of the voyage.

(2.) The certificates of discharge for service in the foreign trade or limited coast-trade may be accepted as proof of sea service, but certificates of discharge for service in the intra-state trade shall be sent to the Deputy Director of the State where the service was performed for verification.

(3.) Where service in charge of a watch is required, certificates of watch-keeping service shall also be produced.

Qualifying service.

114. Subject to these Regulations, the qualifying service for all certificates as master or mate in the mercantile marine shall be service performed in ordinary trading vessels in capacities as apprentice, midshipman, cadet, deck-boy, ordinary seaman, able seaman, quarter-master, boatswain, deck officer or master.

Non-trading service.

115. Subject to these Regulations, non-trading sea-service, or service in capacities other than those specified in the last preceding regulation, shall not be accepted as qualifying service except with the approval of the Director.

Conversion of service.

113.—(1.) Service in limited coast-trade ships shall be accepted in full for limited coast-trade certificates.

(2.) Such service shall be regarded for foreign-going certificates as equivalent only to a proportion of the time served in foreign-going ships.

(3.) For a second mate’s foreign-going certificate, service in a deck capacity in limited coast-trade ships shall be accepted as equivalent to two-thirds of the time served in foreign-going ships.

Service in ships temporarily engaged in coasting trade. Exn. 1, 1930 Reg. 95.

117.—(1.) Service in foreign-going ships temporarily engaged in a coasting trade may be accepted as equivalent to service in the foreign-going trade provided that the distance between the extreme ports visited during the course of the coasting voyages is at least five hundred miles, and that, where the coasting trade is within the waters of a Part of the British Empire, service therein is accepted by the appropriate authority in that Part as service in the foreign-going trade.

(2.) Where the distance is less than five hundred miles, the service shall only be accepted as equivalent to service in the home trade or the limited coast-trade.

Nature of service determined by actual position on board ship.

118. Sea service, in whatever trade it is performed, shall not be regarded as qualifying for examination for certificates of competency unless it can be verified by reference to the articles of the ship in which it was performed.

Officer’s service.

119.—(1.) For the purposes of these Regulations, “service as first mate” means service next in seniority to the master.

(2.) Service as junior or auxiliary first mate, or as first mate under a Chief Officer, shall count as equivalent to service as the second of three watch-keeping officers for qualifying purposes.

(3.) The facts in each case shall be clearly established by the candidate’s certificates of watch-keeping service.

Watch-keeping service.

120.—(1.) When service in charge of a watch is specified in these Regulations, candidates for certificates of competency as first mate shall be able to prove that out of the eighteen months’ service required at least fifteen months have been spent in effective charge of a watch for not less than eight hours out of each twenty-four hours’ service at sea. The remaining three months may be service as junior of two watchkeeping officers, but such time shall count only as half its duration for qualifying purposes. The exact nature of a candidate’s service shall be clearly established by a certificate signed by the Master in the form indicated in Appendix E.

(2.) During the whole of the qualifying service between first mate’s and master’s certificates specified, in these Regulations, every candidate for a master’s certificate shall have served in full charge of a watch for eight hours out of every twenty-four hours’ service at sea. The candidate shall produce certificates in accordance with Appendix E from the master stating clearly that he has had sole charge of a watch for eight hours in each twenty-four hours’ service at sea. Service performed under the system of double watches, except as the senior officer, shall not be accepted as qualifying service for a certificate of this grade.

Service in possession of certificate.

121.—(1.) In order that officer’s service may be recognized as qualifying for purposes of examination, it shall have been performed with the requisite certificate as specified in Appendix B. or G.

(2.) The officer’s service performed by a candidate who has been duly promoted during the course of a voyage, or who, in consequence of serving in vessels plying between ports abroad, has been, unable to obtain the necessary certificates, may, where such service is otherwise satisfactory, be recognized.

Promotion during voyage.

122. Where a candidate has been regularly promoted on the occurrence of a vacancy, in the course of the voyage, from the rank in which he first shipped, and such promotion, with the ground on which it has been made, is properly entered in the articles and in the Official Log Book, he shall receive credit for his service in the higher grade for the period subsequent to this promotion.

Mixed service.

123. Where a candidate has performed his sea service in more than one capacity, or partly in the foreign trade and partly in the home or limited coast-trade, proportionate allowances shall, where such service otherwise complies with these Regulations, be made for each kind of service.

Service in foreign vessels.

124.—(1.) The testimonials of service of foreigners and of British officers and seamen serving in foreign vessels, which cannot be verified by the Registrar-General of Shipping and Seamen for Great Britain, shall be confirmed either by the Consul of the country to which the ship in which the candidate served belonged or by some other recognized official authority of that country, or by the testimony of some credible person having personal knowledge of the facts required to be established.

(2.) The production of such proofs shall not necessarily be deemed sufficient.

(3.) Each case shall be decided on its own merits, and, where the sufficiency of the proofs given appears to be at all doubtful, it shall be referred to the Principal Examiner, who shall, if he deems it necessary, transmit it to the Director for decision.

Service as carpenter, sailmaker, cook, steward, &c.

125.—(1.) A candidate whose service has been performed in capacities other than those of apprentice, midshipman, cadet, ordinary seaman or able seaman, shall satisfy the Examiner or the Director that he has, during the whole time claimed, performed deck duties in addition to his own particular work.

(2.) Such service shall only be accepted as equivalent to two-thirds of the time served as ordinary deck hand.

(3.) Where a candidate fails to produce satisfactory evidence of such service, he shall be required to perform additional service in the capacity of seaman.

(4.) Service as cook (under conditions other than those specified in this regulation), steward, purser or in the engine room, shall not be accepted.

Service as wireless operator.

126.—(1.) Where a candidate has been engaged on Articles of Agreement as seaman, or in any seaman rating, and has served both as a seaman and as a wireless operator, two-thirds of such service may be counted as qualifying service, but the candidate shall prove that during the whole period claimed he performed deck duties in addition to the duties of a wireless operator.

(2.) Where a candidate has been engaged on Articles of Agreement as a wireless operator, and has performed deck duties in addition, two-thirds of such service may be counted as qualifying service:

Provided that the candidate shall be able to produce a certificate from the Master to the effect that he has performed deck duties throughout the voyage for a reasonable proportion of time each day and that he has not spent more than two hours a day on regular wireless watch.

(3.) Where a candidate who has been engaged on Articles of Agreement as a wireless operator, and has only served in that capacity, one quarter of the service may be counted as qualifying service, but no amount of such service shall be allowed to count as more than twelve months’ qualifying service.

Apprentices.

127.-—(1.) The whole of the time claimed under indentures of apprenticeship shall be accepted as actual sea service to qualify under regulation 33 of these Regulations for a Second Mate’s certificate:

Provided that—

(a) the indentures have not been cancelled through some fault of the candidate, but are endorsed by the owner or master to whom he was bound to the effect that he has performed his service faithfully during the time he remained as apprentice; and

(b) the candidate has served at sea four-fifths of the time claimed, that is to say, has not spent more than one-fifth of the time in home ports.*

(2.) Where an apprentice is qualified for examination before the expiration of his indentures, a letter from the owner or master shall be accepted in place of the endorsement referred to above.

(3.) Where a candidate is short of the required four-fifths of the time claimed as apprentice, he shall be required to show sufficient additional sea service, either as seaman or junior officer, to make up the four-fifths of the time claimed.

(4.) The provisions of the preceding sub-regulations of this regulation shall not be deemed to cover a case in which, during a large proportion of the period of apprenticeship, the vessel on which the apprentice is serving has been laid up in a foreign port. The proportion of the period of apprenticeship which may be accepted as qualifying service in such a case is dependent on the actual circumstances and each case shall be considered on its merits.

Midshipmen and cadets.

128. The whole of the time served as midshipman or cadet whether under indentures or not shall be accepted subject to the same conditions as those prescribed for apprentices:

Provided that, in the case of a midshipman or cadet not under indentures—

(a) the service as midshipman or cadet shall have been continuous;

(b) on the date of the termination of the period of service claimed in this capacity, the candidate was on Articles of Agreement; and

(c) he is able to comply with the requirements of these Regulations relating to serving or making up the four-fifths period at sea during the time claimed.

* In the case of cable ships, the time may be counted in full if two-thirds of this period of four-fifths, that is eight-fifteenths of the whole time under indentures, has been spent in service on board the ship away from the ship’s base port (cf reg. 141).

Training ships.

129. Time served after the age of fourteen years on board a training ship, or time spent at the Nautical College, Pangbourne, shall be allowed to count as equivalent to one-half the same time spent in service at sea, up to a limit of two years, that is to say, no length of service or time spent shall be allowed to count as more than one year at sea:

Provided that the candidate can produce a certificate from the Committee or Captain Superintendent that he has conducted himself creditably and passed a good examination in seamanship so far as it is practised in the training ship, as well as in other matters down to the time of his leaving the ship:

Provided further that training ship service shall not be regarded as equivalent to service in square-rigged vessels.

Schools for nautical training.

130.—(1.) Time spent at a School for Nautical Training conducted on premises ashore may be accepted as equivalent to time served at sea (see sub-regulation (2.) of this regulation);

Provided that—

(a) after an inspection by the Principal Examiner, the Director is satisfied that the school in question gives a training that justifies time spent there being reckoned as part of the necessary qualifying time for a Certificate of Competency; and

(b) the candidate produces a satisfactory certificate as regards conduct and proficiency from the authorities of the school on leaving it.

(2.) The proportion in which time spent at an approved school conducted on premises ashore may be accepted as qualifying sea service shall be decided by the Director, but in no case shall such time be counted as equivalent to more than one-half of the same time actually served at sea, or as amounting in all to more than one year’s sea service.

(3.) Time spent at a nautical school while under the age of fourteen years shall not be accepted.

(4.) A candidate who has spent time at a School or Schools for Nautical Training, approved by the Board of Trade (see Appendix F.), and conducted on premises on shore in the United Kingdom, may be allowed to count a portion of this time so spent as service at sea in accordance with the conditions as set out in the Board of Trade regulations relating to the examination of masters and mates in the mercantile marine.

Service in Naval Training College.

131.—(1.) Time spent at the Naval College at Dartmouth or at a similar college in the Commonwealth shall, subject to the conditions prescribed in the last preceding regulation, be permitted to count as equivalent to one-half the same time spent in service at sea, and a similar allowance shall be made in respect of time spent on courses on shore after promotion to Acting Sub-Lieutenant, subject to the condition that the total remission of sea service in respect of all time spent on shore shall not exceed twelve months.

(2.) Time spent in shore training shall not be accepted in lieu of watchkeeping service.

Officers’ service in Navy or Indian Marine.

132. Service as a Commissioned Officer of the Sea-going Naval Forces of the Commonwealth or of any other part of the British

Dominions or in the Royal Indian Marine, shall be accepted as qualifying service for certificates as follows:—

(a) For a Second Mate’s Certificate.—The officer must prove four years’ service at sea; and

(b) For First Mate or Master.—The officer must prove that he has attained the rank of lieutenant in the Navy or in the Royal Indian Marine.

Service in Royal Australian Naval Reserve.

133.—(1.) Any lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, or acting sub-lieutenant of the Royal Australian Naval Reserve who performs sea service on board His Majesty’s ships shall, if his application is accompanied by a good report, be allowed to count half the time so spent in lieu of qualifying watchkeeping service for a certificate of competency as master or first mate, subject to a maximum allowance of six months for each grade of certificate.

(2.) The time spent by a midshipman in the Royal Australian Naval Reserve on board sea-going vessels of the Royal Australian Navy shall, if his application is accompanied by a good report, be accepted in full as qualifying sea service for a second mate’s certificate, subject to a maximum allowance of six months:

Provided that a reasonable proportion of such time shall have been spent at sea and that not more than four weeks shall have been spent on leave.

(3.) Service in harbour ships and shore establishments of the Royal Australian Navy shall not be accepted as qualifying service for any grade of certificate.

Service in Royal Air Force.

134.—(1.) Officers with certificates as second mate or first mate who hold short service commissions in the Royal Air Force may, if accompanied by a good report, count towards qualifying sea service for certificates of competency as first mate or master respectively half the time spent under instruction in aviation at a flying training school or with a home defence unit and half the time spent in a fleet air arm or naval co-operation unit, up to a maximum of six months in all for each grade of certificate.

(2.) Apprentices and seamen holding short service commissions in the Royal Air Force may, if accompanied by a good report, count towards qualifying sea service for a second mate’s certificate half the time spent under instruction in aviation at a flying training school or with a home defence unit and half the time spent in a fleet air arm or naval co-operation unit up to a maximum of six months in all:

Provided that the total remission of sea service in respect of Royal Air Force service and time spent in a shore training ship or school shall not in any event exceed twelve months.

Excursion Steamers.

135. Only such service on excursion steamers as can be proved to have been performed at sea shall be accepted as qualifying service.

Service in fishing or pilot vessels, or in Naval vessels.

136. In order to qualify for examination, a candidate who has performed deck service exclusively in trawlers and other deep sea-fishing vessels, or in pilot vessels or Naval sea-going vessels, shall in addition prove

(a) for a foreign-going certificate—service for at least eighteen months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign trade, or the equivalent period, twenty-seven months in the home or coasting trade; and

(b) for a limited coast-trade certificate—service for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign, home or coasting trade.

Service in yachts.

137. Service in pleasure yachts shall be accepted as qualifying service under the following conditions:—

(a) It shall in all cases be verified by satisfactory proofs, which shall set forth clearly and in detail the nature and duration of the service claimed;

(b) Only actual sea service shall be accepted;

(c) Service in foreign-going yachts shall be accepted in full; and service performed within home or limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of not less than 50 tons net register, or in steam yachts of not less than 80 tons gross register, shall be accepted in the proportion stated in regulation 116:

Provided, however, a candidate shall show—

(i) for a foreign-going certificate—service for at least eighteen months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign trade, or for the equivalent period, twenty-seven months, in an ordinary trading vessel in the home or coasting trade; and

(ii) for a limited coast-trade certificate—service for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign, home or coasting trade;

(d) Service within home, or limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of 40 tons gross register, shall be accepted towards qualifying a candidate for a foreign-going certificate as equivalent to half the same time served in the foreign trade, but no amount of such service shall count as more than two years’ service in the foreign trade, and no such service shall count as officers’ service to qualify candidates for foreign-going certificates;

(e) Service within home, or limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of not less than 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of not less than 40 tons gross register, shall be accepted at the ordinary rate as qualifying service for limited coast-trade certificates, but candidates shall prove that they have, in addition, served for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign, home or coasting trade; and

(f) Service within home, or limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of less than 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of less than 40 tons gross register, shall not be accepted as qualifying service for any class of certificate.

Tugs, War Department vessels, &c.

138.—(1.) Service in tugs employed outside river and bay limits may be accepted as sea service for the purpose of qualifying a candidate for a certificate as Master, or Mate (Sub-grade B), of limited coast-trade ships only.

(2.) Service performed in War Department vessels employed outside partially smooth water limits may be accepted as sea service to qualify a candidate for a Mate’s or Master’s certificate for limited coast-trade ships only.

(3.) Service in War Department vessels shall not be accepted towards qualifying a candidate for a foreign-going certificate, unless in very exceptional circumstances, when the case, together with all the candidate’s papers, shall be submitted to the Principal Examiner for consideration.

Service in dredgers.

139.—(1.) Service in steam hopper barges shall, subject to the next succeeding regulation, be counted towards qualifying a candidate for a certificate of competency as Mate (Sub-Grade B.) for limited coast-trade ships.

(2.) The candidate shall prove at least two years’ service in an ordinary trading vessel in either the home, coasting or foreign trade.

(3.) Service in steam hoppers shall not be accepted as officer’s service towards qualifying a candidate for a Master’s foreign-going or limited coast-trade certificate.

Service on rivers.

140.—(1.) Service performed on rivers and service performed within smooth or partially smooth water limits will not be accepted as qualifying service.

(2.) Where any doubt whatever exists as to whether any such service may be accepted, the candidate shall, before the consideration of the acceptance of such service, be required to produce a certificate from the Master or Owner of the vessel in which the service was performed.

Service in cable ships.

141.—(1.) A candidate who has performed part of his qualifying service in a cable ship, shall be required to produce, in addition to the prescribed evidence of sea service, a statement or certificate from the owners of the ship showing the amount of time actually spent at sea.

(2.) If the time so spent constitutes or exceeds two-thirds of the total time on articles, this total time may be accepted in full as qualifying service, but in the event of the actual sea service falling below this proportion, the deficiency shall be made up by additional service at sea before the total time on articles may be accepted in full as qualifying service.

Lighthouse tenders.

142.—(1.) Service performed in the sea-going steam vessels of Trinity House, or of the Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses, or of the Commissioners of Irish Lights, or in Irish or Scotch fishery cruisers, or similar service in any Commonwealth or State Lighthouse Service within limited coast-trade limits, shall be accepted as sea service for the purpose of qualifying a candidate for examination for a limited coast-trade certificate; but for a foreign-going certificate a candidate shall also show service calculated in accordance with regulation 118 of at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel.

(2.) Subject to the last preceding sub-regulation service as officers in the Commonwealth Lighthouse Service vessels shall be accepted as qualifying service.

Mission vessels.

143. Applications claiming service in Mission vessels shall be accompanied by a full statement of the voyages made in such vessels.

Lightships.

144. Service in lightships shall not be accepted as sea service.

Part VIII.—Conduct of the Examinations.

Examinations, Time Table.

145.—(1.) The examination shall begin at 10 a.m. on each day.

(2.) A regular luncheon interval shall be given each day between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m.

(3.) Candidates shall, as far as possible, be given ample notice of the day and time of their oral examination.

(4.) The time allotted for each written part of the examination for each grade of certificate shall be as follows:—

(a) Foreign-going Trade—

1.—second mate (foreign-going).

First Day—
(1) Knowledge of Principles..........................	3	hours.
(2) Practical Navigation I (including Tides)	2	hours.
Second Day—
(3) Practical Navigation II............................	3	hours.
(4) Chart Work...................................	2	hours.
Third Day—
(5) Cargo Work and Elementary Ship Construction...........	3	hours.
(6) English......................................	1½	hours.
Fourth or Subsequent Days—Orals.
2.—first mate (foreign-going).
First Day—
(1) Practical Navigation I.............................	3	hours.
(3) Chart Work...................................	2	hours.
Second Day—
(4) Ship Construction and Stability......................	3	hours.
(2) Practical Navigation II............................	2	hours.
Third Day—
(5) Ship’s Maintenance, Routine, and Cargo Work............	3	hours.
(6) Meteorology..................................	2	hours.
Fourth or Subsequent Days—Orals.
3.—master (foreign-going).
First Day—
(1) Practical Navigation.............................	3	hours.
(2) Meteorology..................................	2	hours.
Second Day—
(3) Ship Construction and Stability......................	3	hours.
(4) English......................................	2	hours.
Third Day—
(5) Ship’s Business................................	2	hours.
(6) Compass.....................................	2	hours.

Fourth Day—
(7) Engineering Knowledge(including carriage of refrigerated cargoes)	3	hours.
Fifth or Subsequent Days—Orals.
4.—extra master.
First Day—
(1) Mathematics..................................	3	hours.
(6) Magnetism and Electricity.........................	3	hours.
Second Day—
(2) General Science................................	3	hours.
(8) Commercial and Legal Knowledge....................	2	hours.
Third Day—
(3) Navigation...................................	3	hours.
(4) Chart Work...................................	2	hours.
Fourth Day—
(5) Chart Construction and Marine Surveying	3	hours.
(9) Oceanography and Economic Geography	3	hours.
Fifth Day—
(7) Construction, Working, and Upkeep of Ships.............	3	hours.
Orals as requisite.

(b) Limited Coast-trade—

Mate, Sub-grade C.—Arithmetic, 4 hours

Master, Sub-grade D.—Arithmetic, 4 hours; chart and tides, 2 hours.

Second Mate, Sub-grade A; Mate, Sub-grade B.—Arithmetic, 4 hours; chart and tides, 3 hours.

Master, Sub-grade C.—Arithmetic, 2 hours; nautical astronomy, 1 hour; chart and tides, 3 hours.

First Mate, Sub-grade A, and Master, Sub-grade B.—Navigation and nautical astronomy, 4 hours; chart, 3 hours.

Master, Sub-grade A.—Navigation and nautical astronomy, 5 hours; deviation questions, 2 hours; chart, 3 hours.

Mate.—Arithmetic, 2 hours.

Master.—Arithmetic, 2 hours; chart and tides, 2 hours.

Examination papers—how to be dealt with.

146.—(1.) The envelopes containing the examination papers, when received from the Principal Examiner, shall not on any account be opened by any other officer than the Examiner, and by him only at the commencement of the examination.

(2.) Where the envelope containing the examination papers appears on its arrival to have been opened or in any way tampered with, the Examiner may, if he thinks necessary, defer the examination until the following or some later day, and telegraph immediately to the Principal Examiner for a fresh set of papers.

(3.) In the event of any case of this kind occurring, a full report of the circumstances, and of the steps taken in the matter, shall be immediately forwarded to the Principal Examiner.

(4.) After the envelopes have been opened, and until the examination papers are again sealed up and despatched to the Principal Examiner, the Examiner shall take special precautions to preclude the possibility of any person having access to them.

(5.) The examination papers of candidates, together with the report of the examination in accordance with Forms M. & M.—FF., and M. & M.—U., V., or W., shall in all cases be sent to the Principal Examiner for his approval.

(6.) The envelopes in which the examination papers are returned to the Principal Examiner shall be carefully sealed by the Examiner with the official seal, at both the top and the bottom.

Candidates to be punctual.

147. Candidates shall be in attendance at the examination room punctually at the time appointed.

Strangers not to be admitted.

148. A person whose duties do not require him to be present at an examination shall not be allowed in the room during the examination.

Loose papers and books removed.

149. Before the commencement of an examination, the tables or desks in the examination room shall be cleared of all scraps of paper or books which may not be used in the examination.

Use of books and tables at the examinations.

150.—(1.) The following tables and books shall be supplied at examination rooms:—

Nautical Tables (including logarithm tables) Norie (full edition), Raper (full edition), Inman (full edition), Black-bourne.

Alt-Azimuth Tables.—Burdwood, Davis.

Admiralty Tide Tables.—Parts Í. and II.

Nautical Almanac.—1929 Abridged Edition.

(2.) Any candidate who desires to use tables other than those specified in the last preceding sub-regulation may bring such tables into the examination room, on condition that he submits them to the Examiner, before the commencement of the examination, for scrutiny and approval. These tables shall not contain any manuscript notes.

(3.) Subject to the Examiner’s approval, no restriction shall be placed on the use of any tables:

Provided that a candidate shall understand the theory on which the tables are based and such tables must be capable of giving an answer within the required limits of accuracy.

(4.) Where tables other than those supplied are used in answering a question, the name of the tables and a note of what is actually obtained from them shall be stated on the candidate’s paper.

Use of instruments.

151. All instruments necessary for use in the examinations shall be supplied by the Commonwealth, but a candidate may, with the approval of the Examiner obtained before the commencement of the examination, use his own drawing instruments and slide rules.

Unauthorized books and forbidden.

152.—(1.) A candidate shall not bring into the examination room books or papers of any kind whatever, other than mathematical tables.

(2.) The slightest infringement of this regulation shall subject the offender to all the penalties of a failure, and he shall not be allowed to present himself for re-examination for a period of three months.

(3.) A candidate who uses his own mathematical tables or instruments without first obtaining the approval of the Examiner shall be subject to the same penalty.

Injury to books instruments, &c.

153.—(1.) Where a candidate defaces, blots, writes in or otherwise injures any book or form, or damages any instrument belonging to the Commonwealth, his papers shall be retained until he has replaced the damaged book, form or instrument.

(2.) A candidate shall not be allowed to remove the damaged book, form or instrument, and may be subjected to all the penalties of a failure.

Leaving room or building.

154.—(1.) No candidate may leave the examination room without permission and without giving up the paper on which he is engaged.

(2.) Under no circumstances shall a candidate be allowed to leave the building while the examination is proceeding.

(3.) Any breach of the last preceding sub-regulation shall entail all the penalties of a failure.

Silence.

155. Every candidate shall preserve silence in the examination room.

All work to be shown.

156.—(1.) A candidate shall not be permitted to work out his problems on waste paper, or to write on the blotting paper supplied for his use at an examination.

(2.) Any breach of the last preceding sub-regulation shall entail all the penalties of a failure.

(3.) The sheet of blotting paper issued to each candidate with the first examination paper shall be returned to the Examiner when the last paper is completed each day.

(4.) The Examiner shall examine the blotting paper to ascertain whether it has been used by the candidate in solving his problems, or for conveying information to other candidates.

Copying, &c., to be prevented.

157. Communication between the candidates shall not, under any circumstances, be permitted during the time of an examination.

Penalty for copying, &c. Penalties for referring; to unauthorized books, &c.

158. Any candidate who during the time of an examination—

(a) refers to any unauthorized book or paper;

(b) copies from any other candidate;

(d) makes a copy of any part of the problems for the purpose of taking such copy from the examination room,

shall incur all the penalties of a failure and also shall be debarred from being examined for six months, in the case of a first offence, or for twelve months, in the case of any subsequent offence.

Written examinations.

159. A candidate shall write only on one side of the paper supplied, answer, in a clear and legible hand, each of the questions on the paper and commence each answer by writing in the margin the number of the question to which it relates.

Marks required for a pass in the written examination.

160.—(1.) In order to pass in the written portion of the examination, a candidate for a foreign-going certificate shall obtain not less than 70 per cent of the total marks for all subjects, and also a minimum of 50 per cent in each of the following subjects:—

Second Mate (Foreign-going)—

Knowledge of Principles.

Practical Navigation (I. and II.).

Chartwork.

First Mate (Foreign-going)—

Practical Navigation (I. and II.).

Chartwork.

Ship Construction and Stability.

Master (Foreign-going)—

Practical Navigation.

Ship Construction and Stability.

Ship’s Business.

Compass.

English.

(2.) In order to obtain a pass in the examination for extra master, a candidate shall obtain not less than 75 per cent of the total marks for all subjects, but he shall not be required to reach a minimum percentage on any one paper.

Marks allotted to each paper.

161. The number of marks to be allotted to each paper in the written examination shall be in accordance with the following table:—

(a) Second Mate (Foreign-going).

	Duration of Paper—Hours.		Marks.
Knowledge of Principles........................	3	..	150
Practical Navigation I...........................	2	..	150
Practical Navigation II..........................	3	..	200
Chart Work.................................	2	..	200
Cargo Work and Ship Construction.................	3	..	200
English....................................	1½	..	100
			1,000

(b) First Mate (Foreign-going).

Practical Navigation I...........................	3	..	200
Practical Navigation II..........................	2	..	150
Chart Work.................................	2	..	150
Ship Construction and Stability....................	3	..	200
Cargo Work, &c..............................	3	..	200
Meteorology................................	2	..	100
			1,000

	Duration of Paper—Hours.		Marks.
Practical Navigation...........................	3	..	200
Meteorology................................	2	..	100
Ship Construction and Stability....................	3	..	200
English....................................	2	..	100
Ship’s Business..............................	2	..	100
Compass...................................	2	..	150
Engineering Knowledge.........................	3	..	150
			1,000

(d) Extra, Master.

Mathematics................................	3		200
Science....................................	3	..	200
Navigation.................................	3	..	150
Chart Work.................................	2	..	150
Chart Construction and Surveying..................	3	..	150
Magnetism.................................	3	..	200
Ship Construction.............................	3	..	200
Commercial Knowledge.........................	2	..	150
Oceanography...............................	3	..	100
			1,500

Corrections by tables.

162.—(1.) In the Knowledge of Principles paper for second mate, the corrections by inspection of tables given in any book relating to navigation shall not be allowed.

(2.) Every correction shall appear on the papers of every candidate.

Methods to be used.

163. A candidate shall be allowed to work out the various problems in accordance with any method which is correct in principle, which he is accustomed to use.

Degree of precision required.

164.—(1.) In making calculations for obtaining a ship’s position, a candidate shall work to 0.2 of a minute of arc and to the nearest second of time.

(2.) The method of calculation used in obtaining a position line shall be capable of giving an answer within 0.5 of a mile.

(3.) A candidate shall calculate to within 0.25 of a degree in the case of the calculation of compass errors, bearings and courses, and to within 0.5 of a degree, in the case of chart work.

(4.) In calculating the correction to apply to soundings, a candidate shall be deemed to have obtained the correct result if such result is within half of a foot of the exact result.

Compass deviation.

165. in answering questions on the tentative method of compass adjustment, a candidate shall be tested by Beall’s Compass Deviascope.

Sextant.

166.—(1.) The examination in relation to the sextant shall be conducted both orally and practically.

(2.) A candidate shall be required to—

(a) measure both vertical and horizontal angles;

(b) be examined practically as to his knowledge of the adjustments and the use of the various screws; and

Rule of the road.

167.—(1.) In the examination on Rule of the Road the Examiner shall test the candidate’s knowledge of the sense and intention of the Navigation (Collision) Regulations under the Act.

(2.) Examiners shall not place a candidate for a steamship certificate in the position of handling a sailing ship, but shall lay stress on the candidate’s ability to recognize a sailing ship’s lights and on his knowledge of a sailing ship’s possible manœuvres according to the direction of the wind.

Candidates not to be examined in successive weeks.

168.—(1.) A candidate shall not be permitted to undergo examination for the same grade of certificate twice in successive weeks, unless in very special and urgent circumstances, the Examiner sees fit to permit the further examination.

(2.) In any such case the Examiner shall apply to the Principal Examiner for a special set of problems.

Penalties for breaches of regulations.

169. Any candidate who contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of the Regulations, or is insolent to an Examiner, or conducts himself in a disorderly or improper manner in or about the examination room, shall, where no other penalty is prescribed, be liable to incur the penalty of the postponement of his examination, or, if he has passed, the detention of his certificate for such period as the Director directs.

Repeal.

170. The Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations, being Statutory Rules 1924, No. 205, as amended by Statutory Rules 1928, No. 17, 1929, No. 100, and 1930, No. 59, are repealed.

THE FIRST SCHEDULE.

Regulation 5.

FEES FOR FOREIGN-GOING CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.	Certificate Held.	Examination Fee.
		£	s.	d.
Second Mate.............	...........................	2	0	0
First Mate..............	Second Mate, Foreign-going........	2	0	0
First Mate..............	Any other Qualifying Certificate	2	10	0
Master.................	First Mate, Foreign-going..........	3	0	0
Master.................	Any other Qualifying Certificate	4	0	0
Extra Master.............	Master, Foreign-going............	2	0	0
Extra Master.............	Any other Qualifying Certificate	5	0	0

Provided that where a candidate for any prescribed certificate of competency is re-examined in the written or in the oral part of the examination only, the fee shall be half of that specified above for that certificate.

36.—9

First Schedule—continued.

FEES FOR LIMITED COAST-TRADE CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.	Certificate Held.	Examination Fee.
		£	s.	d.
Mate, Sub-grade C.........	........................	1	5	0
Master, Sub-grade D.......	........................	1	10	0
Master, Sub-grade C.......
Mate, Sub-grade B.........	........................	1	15	0
Second Mate, Sub-grade A...
Master, Sub-grade B.......	........................	2	0	0
Mate, Sub-grade A.........	........................	2	0	0
Master, Sub-grade A.......	........................	3	0	0
Certificate for a particular rig or class of vessel	Same grade of Certificate for a different rig or class of vessel Same grade of Certificate for a different Limited Coast-Trade	Half of the fee prescribed for that certificate
Certificate for a particular Limited Coast-Trade		Half of the fee prescribed for that certificate

FEES FOR RIVER AND BAY CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.	Certificate Held.	Examination Fee.
		£	s.	d.
Mate, Sub-grade A........ Mate, Sub-grade C........	..........................	1	0	0
Master, Sub-grade B....... Master, Sub-grade C.......	..........................	1	5	0
Master, Sub-grade A.......	..........................	1	10	0

FEES FOR OTHER CERTIFICATES AND FOR EXAMINATION IN SINGLE SUBJECTS.

Certificate Desired.	Examination Fee.
	£	s.	d.
Ordinary or Voluntary Signalling, taken at usual examination..........	No extra fee
Ordinary Signalling only..................................	0	10	0
Voluntary Signalling only.................................	1	5	0
Voluntary Examination in Compass Deviation....................	2	0	0
Master of a British or Australian Yacht.........................	3	0	0
Sight Test............................................	0	2	6
Sight Test—On Appeal...................................	2	2	0
Sight Test—On Second Appeal..............................	5	5	0
Certificate of Efficiency as Lifeboatman only....................	0	10	0
Sailing Ship Endorsement if examined at the same time as for a Certificate of Competency	No extra fee
Sailing Ship Endorsement, if examined separately.................	Half the usual fee for the grade of certificate desired

THE SECOND SCHEDULE.

Regulation 3.

RELATIVE VALUE OF CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY OF MASTERS AND MATES.

(1.) Any certificate mentioned in Column I of the following table shall be deemed to be of a higher grade than any certificate, the distinguishing number of which is specified opposite thereto in Column 2.

(2.) The holder of any certificate mentioned in Column 1 may engage and serve in the capacity stated in any certificate, the distinguishing number of which is set opposite thereto in Column 2:

Provided that, subject to regulations 76 and 84, in the case of Limited Coast-trade and River and Bay Certificates a holder shall not be entitled to serve as Master or Mate outside the geographical limits specified in his certificate.

	Column 1.						Column 2.
	(Distinguishing Number and Title of Certificate.)						(Distinguishing Numbers of Certificates of Lower Grade.)
	Foreign-going Certificates.
(1)	Extra Master...........................						2 to 44 (inclusive)
(2)	Master		Ordinary			.....	3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 to 44 inclusive
(3)	First Mate		”			.....	4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(4)	Only Mate		”			.....	5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(5)	Second Mate		”			.....	9, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(6)	Master		Fore-and-aft			.....	7, 8, 9. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 20 to 44 inclusive
(7)	First Mate		”			.....	8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(8)	Only Mate		”			.....	9, 13, 14. 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(9)	Second Mate		”			.....	14, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(10)	Extra Master		(Steamships)			.....	11, 12, 13, 14, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(11)	Master		”			.....	12, 13, 14, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(12)	First Mate		”			.....	13, 14, 30, 32, 33, 35, 41, 44
(13)	Only Mate		”			.....	14, 30, 32, 33, 35, 41, 44
(14)	Second Mate		”			.....	30, 32, 33, 35, 41, 44
	Limited Coast-trade Certificates.
(15)	Master	Sub-Grade		A	Ordinary	.....	16 to 44 inclusive
(16)	Master	”		B	”	.....	17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29 to 44 inclusive
(17)	First Mate	”		A	”	.....	18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(18)	Mate	”		B	”	.....	19, 24, 25, 27, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(19)	Second Mate	”		A	”	.....	25, 27, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(20)	Master	”		A	Fore-and-aft		21 to 44 inclusive
(21)	Master	”		B	”		22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29 to 44. inclusive
(22)	First Mate	”		A	”		24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(23)	Master	”		C	”		24, 25, 26, 27 and 31 to 44 inclusive
(24)	Mate	”		B	”		25, 27, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(25)	Second Mate	”		A	”		27, 33, 35, 38, 41, 44
(26)	Master	”		D	”		27, 34, 35 and 36 to 44 inclusive
(27)	Mate	”		C	”		35, 38, 41, 44
(28)	Master	”		A	Steamships		29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(29)	Master	”		B	”		30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(30)	First Mate	”		A	”		32, 33, 35, 41, 44
(31)	Master	”		C	”		32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(32)	Mate	”		B	”		33, 35, 41, 44
(33)	Second Mate	”		A	”		35, 41, 44
(34)	Master	”		D	”		35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(35)	Mate	”		C	”		41, 44

Schedule II.—continued.

Column 1 (Distinguishing Number and Title of Certificate.)				Column 2. (Distinguishing Numbers of Certificates of Lower Grade.)
River and Bay Certificates.
(36) Master	Sub-Grade	A	Fore-and-aft	37 to 44 inclusive
(37) Master	”	B	”	38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(38) Mata	”	A	”	41, 44
(39) Master	”	A	Steamships	40, 41, 42, 43, 44
(40) Master	”	B	”	41, 42, 43, 44
(41) Mate	”	A	”	44
(42) Master	”	C	”	43, 44
(43) Master under 50 tons....................				44
(44) Mate	Sub-Grade	C	Steamships

THE THIRD SCHEDULE.

Regulation 30.

THE SIGHT TESTS.

Details as to the Conduct of the Tests.

These tests must be conducted under the strict personal supervision of the Examiner. A careful record must be kept of all mistakes made by the candidate both in the Letter test and in the Lantern test.

Each Examiner must keep a record of all candidates passed by him for reference when required.

Spectacles not Allowed.—During the examinations in the sight tests candidates must not be allowed to use spectacles or glasses of any kind, or any other artificial aid to vision.

I.—Letter Test.

1. Letter Test to be Passed First.—The first test which the candidate in required to undergo is the letter test, and until he has passed this test he must not be allowed to proceed further with the examination.

2. Apparatus Used.—The letter test to be used for all candidates is that conducted on Snellen’s principle by means of sheets of letters.

3. Object of the Test.—The object of the letter test is to determine whether the candidate can reach a sufficient standard of visual acuteness, or, in other words, to find out whether his eyesight is good or bad.

4. Standard of Vision Required.—Every candidate for a first certificate of competency will be required to possess normal vision. With the exception indicated in paragraph 7, every candidate for a second or higher certificate will be required to possess normal vision.

“Normal vision” means ability to read correctly nine of the twelve letters in the sixth line and eight of the fifteen letters in the seventh line of a test sheet placed in a good light at a distance of 16 feet from the eye.

“‘Half normal vision” means ability to read correctly at least five of the eight letters in the fifth line of the test sheet.

The candidate will have the option of using either eye separately or both eyes together.

5. Method of Testing.—The test sheets should be hung on the wall, in a good light, but not in direct sunlight, at a height of five or six feet from the ground. The candidate should be placed at a distance of exactly 18 feet from the sheets, and exactly opposite them. This distance should be carefully measured, and should never in any circumstances be varied.

One of the sheets should then be exposed, and the candidate should be asked to read the letters on each sheet, beginning at the top and going downwards. Any mistakes which he makes should be carefully noted. If then it is found that he has read correctly at least nine letters in the sixth line and eight letters

Schedule III.—continued,

in the seventh line of a sheet, the candidate may be considered to have normal vision, and should be marked “passed” in the appropriate column of the form of application (M. & III.—E. or M. & M.—C, as the case may be).

6. Passing or Failure.—If at the conclusion of the test the candidate is found to reach the required standard, he may be considered to have passed, and the Examiner should proceed with the lantern test. If the candidate fails to reach the standard required for the certificate entered for, he should be tested with at least four sheets, and the Examiner should fill in a Form M. & M.—CO., and should forward it with any remarks he may wish to make, to the Principal Examiner for his instructions as to whether the candidate is to be regarded as passing or as failing in the letter test.

Failure to pass the letter test is due to some defect in form vision, and it has been found that such defects are sometimes curable. Whenever, therefore, a candidate fails to pass this test the Examiner should advise him to consult an ophthalmic surgeon with a view to ascertaining what is the nature of the defect in his form vision, and whether it is curable.

7. Lower Standard Required in Certain Cases.—Candidates who are in possession of certificates obtained before 1st January, 1914, may be regarded as passing in the letter test if they can read correctly with both eyes at least five of the eight letters in the fifth line of a test sheet.

8. Tests to be Varied.—The Examiner should take care, by varying the order of the test sheets and by every other means in his power, to guard against the possibility of any deception on the part of the candidate.

9. Result of Examination to be Reported.—The results of every examination in the letter test should be reported, in the case of a candidate for a certificats of competency, to the Director on Form M. & M.—B., and to the Principal Examiner on Form M. & M.—FF., and, in the case of a candidate for the sight tests only, to the Director on Form M. & M.—C.

II.—Lantern Test.

10. Apparatus.—A special lantern and a mirror have been provided for this test. The lantern should be placed directly in front of the mirror, so that the front part of the lantern is exacly ten feet from the mirror. Care should be taken that the lantern is properly placed, that is to say, the lights reflected in the mirror must show clearly when viewed from the position of the candidate on the left of the lantern. The Examiner should always satisfy himself that these conditions are fulfilled before commencing the examination.

11. Darkness Adaptation.—It is essential that a candidate should be kept in a room which is either completely or partially darkened for at least a quarter of an hour before he is required to undergo this test.

Before the examination commences the Examiner must satisfy himself that the room in which it is conducted is so darkened as to exclude all daylight.

12. Method of Testing.—The lantern supplied for the examination is so constructed as to allow one large or two small lights to be visible, and is fitted with twelve glasses of three colours—red, white and green. At the commencement of the examination the Examiner should show to the candidate a series of lights through the large aperture, and should require aim to name the colours as they appear to him. Care should be taken in showing the white light to emphasize the fact that this light is not a pure white. If a candidate makes a mistake of calling this light “red” a proper red light should be shown immediately after and the candidate’s attention directed to the difference between the two.

After a series of lights through the large aperture has been shown, the Examiner should make a complete circuit with the two small apertures, requiring the candidate to name the colours of each set of two lights from left to right. To prevent any possibility of the order in which the lights are arranged from being learnt, the Examiner should at least twice in each circuit go back a varying number of colours.

A record of any mistakes made with either the large aperture or the two smaller apertures should be kept on Form M. & M.—CC, in accordance with the instructions thereon. In all such cases the mistakes made by a candidate in the letter test should also be recorded on the form.

13. Passing or Failure.—If a candidate with either the large aperture or the two smaller apertures of the lantern mistakes red for green or green for red, he should be considered to have “failed” in the lantern test.

Schedule III.—continued.

If the only mistake made by the candidate with the lantern is to call the white light “red”, and if after his attention has been specially directed to the difference between the two he makes no further mistake of this nature, he should be considered to have passed in the lantern test.

If a candidate makes any other mistake with the lantern, i.e., if he calls white “red” repeatedly or red “white” at all, or confuses green and white, his case should be submitted to the Principal Examiner, and he should be told that the decision as to whether he is passed or failed, or a further examination is necessary will be communicated to him in due course. Pending the receipt of the Principal Examiner’s instructions, such a candidate should only be allowed to proceed with the remainder of the examination for a Certificate of Competency on the express understanding that the latter examination will be cancelled in the event of failure in the Sight Tests.

14. Further Examination and Appeals.—If in the cases covered by the preceding paragraph, the Principal Examiner decides that a further examination is necessary, arrangements will be made for a special examination. (See regulation 30.)

If, however, on the report of the local Examiner, the Principal Examiner decides that the nature of the mistakes made shows conclusively that a candidate’s sight is so defective as to render him unfit to hold a certificate, the candidate shall be considered to have failed.

In cases where, upon the report of the local Examiner, a candidate is failed by the Principal Examiner, as well as in the cases covered by paragraph 13, the Director will be prepared to allow a candidate who is dissatisfied with this decision to appeal for a special examination, subject to the conditions set out in regulation 30.

III.—Reports.

15. The result of every test should be reported to the Director on the Form M. & M.—B., and to the Principal Examiner on the Form M. & M.—FF., when the candidate is up for examination for a certificate of competency; and to the Director on Form M. & M.—C. when the candidate is up for examination in the sight tests only.

All cases of failure should also be reported to the Principal Examiner on Form M. &M.—CC, containing the record of any mistakes made with the lantern.

Every report relating to such an examination must be signed by the Examiner who conducted the examination.

———

APPENDIX A.

Regulation 4.

PLACES AND TIMES OF EXAMINATION.

Place.	Highest Grade Issued.	Day.
Sydney.....	All grades.................	Every Monday (see footnote re Extra Master’s examination)
Melbourne...	Master, foreign-going..........	Every Monday
Brisbane....	Master, foreign-going..........	First, third and fifth Monday in each month
Adelaide....	Master, foreign-going..........	First, third and fifth Monday in each month
Any of above ports	Sight Test..................	Every Saturday

The examination for Extra Master will be held at Sydney only during the last full week in January, April, July and October.

Examinations will be discontinued on the Monday nearest to the 15th December in each year, and will be resumed on the fourth Monday following.

N.B.—The days of examination in above table are liable to alteration without notice, and candidates are advised to ascertain the actual date of examination when making application for examination at the Mercantile Marine Office.

APPENDIX B.

Regulations 31-41.

TABLE SHOWING THE REQUIREMENTS AS TO SEA SERVICE NECESSARY TO QUALIFY FOR EXAMINATION FOR FOREIGN-GOING CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY.

In the following tables the letter F is used as denoting service in foreign-going ships, and C as denoting service in limited coast trade ships.

It must be clearly understood that the amount of service laid down in the Regulations for each grade of Certificate of Competency is the minimum that can be accepted, and unless a candidate can show the full amount he must in no case be allowed up for examination.

Rank.	Minimum Age.	Total Sea Service (Years).*	Officer’s Service in Merchant Vessels.
Rank.	Minimum Age.	Total Sea Service (Years).*	Years.	Lowest Capacity.	Lowest Certificate required.†
ORDINARY CERTIFICATES FOR FOREIGN-GOING SHIPS.
Second Mate	20	4F or 6C	..	No officer’s service required........	None
First Mate	21½	5½f or 8½C	1½	Third or Fourth Mate in Foreign trade in charge of watch Or	Second Mate Foreign-going
			2½	First or Only Mate in Limited Coast Trade Or	Second Mate Foreign-going
			2½	Third Mate in charge of watch in Limited Coast-trade (Provided that if his service was as Second or Third Mate he will be required to prove that the length of the voyage between terminal ports was not less than 500 miles.)	Second Mate Foreign-going
Master...	23	7F or 10½C	1½	First Mate in Foreign Trade......... Or	First Mate Foreign-going
			2	Second Mate in Foreign trade........ Or	First Mate Foreign-going
			2½	Third Mate in Foreign trade......... Or	First Mate Foreign-going
			3	Master in Limited Coast-trade Sub grade A Or	Second Mate Foreign-going, or Master Sub-grade A, Limited Coast-trade, for one year of such service
			2½	First Mate in Limited Coast-trade..... Or	First Mate Foreign-going
			3	Second Mate in Limited Coast-trade, not less than 500 miles between terminal ports‡ Or	First Mate Foreign-going
			3¾	Third Mate in Limited Coast-trade, not less than 500 miles between terminal ports‡	First Mate Foreign-going
Extra Master	.......	.......	......	Same as Master

* See regs. 8 (Definitions) and 116. † See regulation 121. ‡ A complete statement of the voyages, verified by the master or owner, must accompany form of application.

The distance of 500 miles between terminal ports referred to in regulations 36 and 39, and in Appendix B, is the distance as given in the Admiralty Distance Tables. In a case of any distance not contained therein, the distance is to be calculated in a similar manner to that of the Admiralty Distance Tables.

APPENDIX C.

Regulations 48–93.

TABLE SHOWING THE REQUIREMENTS AS TO SEA SERVICE NECESSARY TO QUALIFY FOR LIMITED COAST-TRADE AND RIVER AND BAY CERTIFICATES.

Note.

(1) For an Ordinary Certificate, at least one year of the total sea service must have been performed in a square-rigged sailing vessel.

(2) For a Fore-and-aft Certificate, at least one year of the total sea service must have been performed in a sailing vessel.

(3) For a River and Bay Certificate as Master, at least one year of the total service required must have been performed in the particular River and Bay Trade for which the certificate is desired.

(4) The Certificates required to be held to qualify candidates for examination may be either the Ordinary Certificates, or those for Fore-and-aft vessels or for Steamships.

(5) The service required to qualify candidates for examination may have been performed in any vessel in which the certificate held entitles the candidate to serve.

Rank.

Minimum Age.

Minimum Total Sea Service (Years).

Officer’s Service in Merchant Vessels.

Years.

Lowest Capacity.

Lowest Certificate Required.

ORDINARY, OR FORE-AND-AFT, OR STEAMSHIP CERTIFICATES, LIMITED COAST TRADE

Mate

Sub-grade

....

No officer’s service required

None

Master

„

Second Mate

„

Mate

„

Master

„

Mate, limited coast trade.....

Mate, Sub-grade C; L.C.T.

First Mate

„

Second or Third Mate, limited coast trade

Second Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast trade

Master

„

Same as First Mate, Sub-grade A

Master

„

First Mate, limited coast trade

or,

First Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast trade

Second Mate, limited coast trade

and in addition

First Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast trade

1½

Second or Third Mate, limited coast trade

Second Mate, Sub grade A; limited coast trade

FORE-AND-AFT, OR STEAMSHIP CERTIFICATES, RIVER AND BAY TRADE.

Mate

Sub-grade

No officer’s service required

None

Master

Sub-grade

Mate or Barge Master......

None

under 50 tons net register

Master

Sub-grade

Mate.................

Barge Master on River Murray

Mate, Sub-grade C, River and Bay

None

Mate

„

No officer’s service required.

None

Master

„

No officer’s service required

None

Master

„

Mate, River and Bay trade

Mate, Sub-grade A, River and Bay

APPENDIX D.

Regulation 21 (b).

EXAMINATION IN SIGNALLING.

The examination in Signalling, in all cases in which it is required for a certificate of competency, will consist of an examination in the International Code, the Allied Signal Manual, Morse Flashing and Semaphore.

The examination in Signalling should in all cases and for all grades consist of an examination in the International Code, the Allied Signal Manual, Morse Flashing and Semaphore.

Appendix D—continued.

International Code.—Examiners are recommended to frame the examination in the International Code of Signals, upon the instructions and illustrations given at the commencement of Parts I. and II. of the Signal Book. The information there given will be found sufficient to indicate all the characteristics of the Code.

By the form of the hoist, an observer can at sight understand the nature of any signal he sees flying; the examination should, therefore, tend to elicit a clear knowledge of all the distinctive features of the Code.

With this object in view, the Examiners should question the candidates as to the distinguishing forms of the respective hoists, which will be indicated according as a burgee, a pennant, or a square flag is uppermost, and also with regard to the number of flags, and the position of the Code flag when used in the hoist; making the 1, 2, 3 and 4 flag signals with the flags supplied for the purpose, and varying the signals made, showing 2 and 3 flag signals, with and without the Code flag included, or a Geographical or a Vocabulary signal, the name of a merchant ship or of a ship of war.

As the two latter signals would not be found in the Signal Book, the candidate should know where to find them and how to look them out.

The candidate should—

(a) Be able to read a signal at sight, so far as to name the flags composing the hoist.

(b) Know the use of the Code pennant and of the pennants C and D, “Yes” and “No,” also of the two burgees A and B, and the square flags s and p, and the flags used to indicate cholera, plague, &c., on board, and the quarantine flag,

(c) Be required to signal some word or words not included in the vocabulary or the Code either by letters or by the Spelling Table (page 51G) or both.

(d) Have a knowledge of the Distant Signals, and of their object, and the different modes of signalling therewith.

(e) Know the special Morse signals indicated by certain letters as given on page 551.

(f) Have a good Knowledge of the Distress Signals and understand the penalty which may be incurred by their improper use.

The International Code is used on board His Majesty’s ships, and it has been adopted by all the Principal Maritime Powers for their public as well as merchant ships.

Allied Signal Manual.—Candidates will be expected to know the meaning of any or all of the single flag signals given therein, and the signification of the Pilot Jack when incorporated in a hoist. They should also be required to make or read from the Pilot Jack table a hoist given by the Examiner. Candidates need not be expected to commit the Pilot Jack table to memory, but there should be no hesitation whatever in making or reading a signal. They should also know how to recognize any of the Special Signals given in the Allied Signal Manual.

Morse Flashing and Semaphore.—Candidates for the Extra-Master’s examination or the voluntary examination in signalling will be required to attain a minimum speed of 12 words a minute in semaphore and 10 words a minute in Morse flashing (the average length of a word being taken as 5 letters).

Candidates for other certificates will only be required to attain a speed of 6 words a minute in Morse flashing and 8 words a minute in Semaphore.

In the ordinary examination, it will be sufficient if in Morse flashing a candidate is given a test card and a spelling message of 10 words, and in Semaphore a spelling message of 25 words.

In the Extra Master’s examination or the voluntary examination in signalling, the semaphore test will be a spelling message of 50 words.

The Morse flashing test will be a test message (see Allied Signal Manual), followed by a spelling message of 25 words.

The candidate must attain a degree of accuracy of at least 90 per cent. both in making and reading in each method, i.e., Flashing and Semaphore.

In the examination in Morse flashing the candidate should be first required to make a test message, followed by a spelling message of 25 words. The Examiner should then make a test message, followed by a spelling message of 25 words to be read by the candidate.

Appendix D—continued.

The same procedure must be observed in the Semaphore examination, except that, as a test message is not given, the candidate will be required to make a spelling message of 50 words and then to read a message of 50 words made by the Examiner. The semaphore messages may be made either by hand flags or mechanical Semaphore, or both, at the discretion of the Examiner.

In the Morse flashing examination, marks will be allotted for the test message in the proportion of 50/78 of a mark for each correct letter (see table at back of test cards), and for the spelling message 2 marks for each correct word or group of figures. The candidate must for a pass gain an aggregate of at least 90 per cent. of the maximum marks in both spelling and test messages.

In the Semaphore examination 2 marks will be allotted for each correct word and 90 per cent. of the maximum must be obtained for a pass.

The spelling message is left to the discretion of the examiner, and may be a passage from any book or newspaper in English. When the passage contains figures and the candidate does not choose to spell them out, the examiner should see that the proper signs are made before and after the figures.

The message as read by the candidate should be taken down by another candidate where possible, otherwise by a clerk, or other person according as the examiner may deem expedient.

Candidates should be thoroughly tested in the various signs and the procedure of calling up, sending and answering a signal, as laid down in the Allied Signal Manual, and this course should always be strictly adhered to.

Particular attention should be paid by examiners to the accurate spacing of the Morse signs, and to the intervals between letters and words, and also to the correct making of the Semaphore signs. Any attempted increase of speed at the expense of accuracy should be discouraged.

The block letter test and spelling message as read by the candidate should be forwarded on the Form M. & M.—Y, together with the percentage of marks allotted and report on the Form M. & M.—Z, to the Principal Examiner, with any remarks the examiner may have to add with respect to the examination.

Note.—The International Code of Signals, with the Signal Letters of British Ships, is prepared by the Registrar-General of Shipping and Seamen, and may be obtained of the publishers, Messrs. Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co., 1, New-Street Square, London, E.C.4, and the principal booksellers at the various ports, price 25s.

The Official Mercantile Navy List and Maritime Directory may be obtained in like manner, price 25s.

The Allied Signal Manual may be obtained through any bookseller, or directly from H.M. Stationery Office, price 1s.

————

APPENDIX E.

Regulation 9.

CERTIFICATE OF WATCHKEEPING SERVICE.

For a First Mate’s Certificate.

This is to Certify that Mr.………………………………………………………...has served on the SS…………………………..from ……………………………….to……………………in the capacity of *(1st) (2nd) (3rd) Watchkeeping Officer. During this time Mr.…………………………….was an Officer in effective charge of a watch for eight hours out of every twenty-four hours at sea.

Watches were not doubled at any time during the voyage †

Watches were doubled between the following dates…………………………..................and during this time Mr.……………………………..served as the *Senior/Junior of two Bridge Keeping Officers.‡

An entry to this effect has been made in the Mate’s log.

Signature of Master.....................

* Strike out the words which do not apply.

† Strike out this paragraph if watches were doubled at any time during the voyage.

‡ Strike out this paragraph if watches were not doubled at any time during the voyage.

Appendix E—continued.

CERTIFICATE OF WATCHKEEPING SERVICE.

For a Master’s Certificate.

This is to certify that Mr....................................................................................has served on the SS....................................from.................................to................................................................in the capacity of *(1st) (2nd) (3rd) Watchkeeping Officer During this time Mr................................was an officer in sole charge of a watch for eight hours out of every twenty-four hours at sea.

Watches were not doubled at any time during the voyage.†

On all occasions on which watches were doubled during the voyage Mr..................................................served as the senior of two Bridge Keeping Officers.‡

An entry to this effect has been made in the Mate’s log.

Signature of Master.....................

[

* Strike out the words which do not apply.

† Strikeout this paragraph if watches were doubled at any time during the voyage.

‡ Strike out this paragraph if watches were not doubled at any time during the voyage.

APPENDIX F.

Regulation 130 (4).

APPROVED SCHOOLS OF NAUTICAL TRAINING ON SHORE.

The following is a list of schools of nautical training (other than the Nautical College, Pangbourne—see regulation 130 (4)) which the Board of Trade have approved:—

A.—Residential Training Establishments.

Wallasey, Cheshire:—The Lancashire and National and Sea Training Homes, Withins Lane, Liscard, Cheshire.

Half time to count up to a maximum of 6 months.

B.—Cadet Courses at Junior Technical Schools and Similar Institutions.

Cardiff:—Smith Junior Nautical School, Cardiff.

Hull:—Boulevard Nautical School, Hull.

Glasgow:—Royal Technical College, George Street, Glasgow.

Greenock:—Watt Memorial School, Dalrymple Street, Greenock.

Leith:—Leith Nautical College, Commercial Street, Leith.

London:—L.C.C. School of Engineering and Navigation, Poplar, London, E.

Half time to count in each case up to a maximum allowance of six months.

C.—Senior Courses in Navigation.

Aberdeen:—Robert Gordon College, School Hill, Aberdeen.

Cardiff:—Cardiff Technical College, Cathay’s Park, Cardiff.

Dundee:—Dundee Technical College, Bell Street, Dundee.

Glasgow:—Royal Technical College, George Street, Glasgow.

Leith:—Leith Nautical College, Commercial Street, Leith.

Liverpool:—Liverpool Technical College, Central Technical School, Byrom Street, Liverpool.

London-.—L.C.C. School of Engineering and Navigation, Poplar, London, E.; King Edward VII. Nautical School, Limehouse, London, E.; Sir John Cass Nautical School, Aldgate, London, E.

Plymouth:—Plymouth Navigation School, Plymouth.

South Shields:—Marine School of South Shields, South Shields.

Half time to count in each case up to a maximum allowance of three months.

APPENDIX G.

List of Certificates as Master or Mate issued under Order-in-Council

which are of the same force as those granted by the Board of Trade.

Regulation 3.

NOTE.—With the exception of those made after 1906, all of the Orders-in-Council enumerated below were consolidated and superseded by an Order-in-Council dated 9th May, 1891, which as subsequently amended by an Order-in-Council of 22nd October, 1906, and by the Order of 11th October, 1923, relating to Australia remains in force.

Colony.	Certificates,			Date of Original Order-in-Council.	Date from which Order-in-Council takes effect.
Colony.	By whom granted in Colony.	Description.		Date of Original Order-in-Council.	Date from which Order-in-Council takes effect.
§Victoria.......	*Marine Board.....	Master;	First	30th March, 1871.....	4th January, 1870
§Victoria.......		Mate; Mate; Mate	Only Second	30th March, 1871.....	4th January, 1870
Canada........	The Minister of Marine and Fisheries	Master;	First	19th August, 1871....	19th August, 1871
Canada........		Mate; Mate; Mate	Only	19th August, 1871....	19th August, 1871
		Mate; Mate; Mate	Second
New Zealand....	Marine Department	Master;	First	9th August, 1872.....	1st May, 1872
		Mate; Mate; Mate	Only Second	9th August, 1872.....	1st May, 1872
§New South Wales	†Department of Navigation	Master; Mate; Mate	First Second	30th August, 1873....	18th June, 1872
§South Australia	Marine Board.....	Master;	First	12th May, 1874......	12th May, 1874
§South Australia		Mate; Mate; Mate	Only Second	12th May, 1874......	12th May, 1874
§Tasmania.....	Governor	Master;	First	12th February, 1876	1st April, 1876
§Tasmania.....		Mate; Mate; Mate	Only Second	12th February, 1876
Bengal........	Lieutenant-Governor	Master;	First	27th June, 1876......	27th June, 1876
Bengal........	Lieutenant-Governor	Mate; Mate; Mate	Only Second	27th June, 1876......
Newfoundland	Governor........	Master;	First	14th May, 1877......	14th May, 1877
		Mate;	Only	14th May, 1877......	14th May, 1877
		Mate;	Second
		Mate
Bombay.......	Governor........	Master;	First	11th July, 1877......	11th July, 1877
Bombay.......		Mate; Mate; Mate	Only Second	11th July, 1877......
Queensland......	Marine Board ....	Master;	First	26th March, 1878.....	1st October, 1877
Queensland......		Mate; Mate	Second	26th March, 1878.....	1st October, 1877
Hong Kong.....	Governor........	Master;	First	31st December, 1883	1st January, 1884
Hong Kong.....		Mate; Mate; Mate	Only Second
Straits Settlements	Governor........	Master;	First	1st May, 1890.......	1st June, 1890
Straits Settlements		Mate; Mate	Second	1st May, 1890.......	1st June, 1890
Commonwealth of Australia	Minister for Trade and Customs	Master;	First	11th October, 1923	1st October, 1923
Commonwealth of Australia	Minister for Trade and Customs	Mate; Mate	Second	11th October, 1923

* The Steam Navigation Board was superseded by the Marine Board on the 21st December, 1888. See Order-in-Council of 23rd November, 1893.

† The Marine Board was superseded by the Department of Navigation on the 17th March, 1900.

§ The issue of certificates of Imperial validity by the Governments of the separate States of the Commonwealth of Australia ceased on the 1st October, 1923, the date on which the issue of such certificates was undertaken by the Commonwealth Government.

Note.—The Orders-in-Council giving Imperial validity to certificates of competency issued in Malta and Mauritius were revoked by an Order-in-Council dated 18th August, 1916.

APPENDIX H.

Regulation 14(2).

Commonwealth of Australia.

Seal.

CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCY.

(a) Insert grade of certificate.

(b) Insert name of grantee.

(a)..........................................................................................

To (b).........................................

Whereas it has been reported to me that you have been found duly qualified to fulfil the duties of (a)……………………………in the Merchant Service, I do hereby in pursuance of the Navigation Act 1912–1926 grant you this Certificate of Competency.

Given under the Seal of the Minister for Trade and Customs at………………………………this……………………..day of…………..19………………

By Order of the Minister.

…………………………………

Director of Navigation.

(Back of Form of Certificate.)

Commonwealth of Australia.

No of Certificate........................

Address of Owner.................................................................

Date and Place of Birth..............................................................

Signature........................................................................

This Certificate is given upon an Examination passed at…………………………on the……………………….day of………………………19………………

Issued at the Port of………………………………on the…………………………………….day of……………………19……………

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