Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations

Part I.

Preliminary.

STATUTORY RULES.

1923. No. 87.

REGULATIONS UNDER THE NAVIGATION ACT 1912-1920.

I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the Navigation Act 1912-1920, to come into operation on and from the first day of October, 1923.

Dated this fourth day of July, 1923.

FORSTER,

Governor-General.

By His Excellency’s Command,

AUSTIN CHAPMAN,

Minister of State for Trade and Customs.

NAVIGATION (EXAMINATION OF MASTERS AND MATES REGULATIONS.

Part I. Preliminary.

Short title.

1. These Regulations may be cited as the Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations.

Parts

2. These Regulations are divided into Parts as follows:—

Part I.—Preliminary.

Part II.—General.

Part III.—Qualifications and examinations for Foreign-going Certificates.

Division 1.—Ordinary Certificates, Foreign-going.

Division 2.—Fore-and-aft Certificates, Foreign-going.

Division 3.—Steam-ship Certificates, Foreign-going.

Part—Qualifications and examinations for Limited Coast-trade Certificates.

Division 1.—Ordinary Certificates, Limited Coast-trade.

Division 2.—Fore-and-aft Certificates, Limited Coast-trade.

Division 3.—Steam-ship Certificates, Limited Coast-trade.

Part V.—Qualifications and examinations for River and Bay Certificates.

Division 1.—Fore-and-aft Certificates, River and Bay.

Division 2.—Steam-ship Certificates, River and Bay.

Part VI.—Qualification and examinations for Voluntary Certificates.

Division 1.—Extra Certificates, Foreign-going.

Division 2.—Yacht Certificates.

Division 3.—Certificates for Naval Reserve purposes.

Division 4.—Certificates for special subjects.

Division 5.—Certificates of Service.

Part VII.—Estimation of Sea Service.

Part VIII.—Conduct of Examinations.

C.8206.—Price 1s. 6d.

Part I.

Reg. 3.

Definitions.

3. (1) In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears—

“Certificate” means a Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate (as the case may be) granted under the Navigation Act, or the Merchant Shipping Act, or any State Act, or, in respect of the certificates specified in Appendix K, by the Government of any British Dominion or Possession mentioned in that Appendix.

“Fore-and-aft rigged vessel” includes every sailing ship or steamship which is not a square-rigged vessel.

“Home or coasting trade ship” includes every ship engaged in making short voyages within the limits prescribed for limited coast-trade ships by the Navigation Act, or for home-trade ships by the Merchant Shipping Act, or for home-trade or coasting ships by any State Act or any Act of any British Possession.

“Local Examiner” or “Examiners” means Examiner of Masters and Mates at any port in the Commonwealth.

“Principal Examiner” means the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates for the Commonwealth.

“Pilot” means a person who holds a licence from some competent authority authorizing him to pilot vessels outside harbor and partially smooth water limits.

“River and Bay service” means service in river and bay ships.

“Sailing ship” means a ship furnished with sails as a principal means of propulsion, and includes a ship so furnished with sails and equipped with auxiliary steam or other mechanical power for use during light winds or calms.

“Sailing vessel” has a meaning corresponding with “sailing ship”.

“Sea service”, “served at sea”, “total sea service”, in relation to Foreign-going Certificates, means service performed in Foreign-going or Australian-trade ships or equivalent service in limited coast-trade ships.

“Sea service” served at sea”, “total sea service”, in relation to Limited Coast-trade Certificates, means service performed in ships engaged in the limited coast-trade or in the home or coast trades of Great Britain or any of the Dominions or in the foreign-going trade.

“Square-rigged vessels” includes full-rigged ships, barques, brigs, barquentines, brigantines, and also steam-ships carrying square sails.

“Steam-ship” means a ship using steam or other machinery as a principal means of propulsion.

“Steam vessel” has a meaning corresponding with “steam-ship”.

“Superintendent” means the superintendent at a Mercantile Marine Office under the Navigation Act.

“Voluntary Certificate” means a certificate obtained at a voluntary examination in special subjects not required by the Regulations for Certificates of Competency as Master or Mate, and includes Certificates for “Extra Master”, “Compass Deviation”, “Voluntary Signalling”, “ Passed in Steam”, “Voluntary Sight Test”, “Certificates of Efficiency in Navigation and Seamanship and “Yacht Master”.

Part II.

Regs. 4-9.

(2) Where in these Regulations the word “lower” or “higher” is used as descriptive of any certificate, or grade of certificate, or of the capacity in which the holder of a certificate may serve, the value of that certificate, or grade of certificate, shall be determined, in relation to other certificates, in the manner prescribed in Schedule III.

Part II.—General.

Subjects of examination.

4. Examination for a certificate issued under these Regulations (excepting under Part VI., Division 4), shall be in the subjects of navigation and seamanship.

Times and places of examination.

5. Examinations for certificates shall be held at the times and places set forth in Appendix A, or at such other times and places as the Minister may from time to time direct.

Application for examination.

6. (1) An application for examination shall be made in accordance with Form M. & M.—B, obtainable at any Mercantile Marine Office.

(2) The application, together with the candidate’s discharges and testimonials in proof of service, shall be lodged with the Superintendent at the port where the candidate desires to be examined at least four clear days before the date of examination.

Examination fee.

7. (1) A candidate for examination for a certificate shall pay to the Superintendent the examination fee for that certificate set out in the First Schedule.

(2) If it is found that the candidate is not eligible for examination, the fee paid shall, at his option, be returned to him or placed to his credit until he becomes eligible.

(3) If a candidate offers a gratuity to any official, he shall, apart from any penalty otherwise inflicted, be rejected, and shall be debarred from examination, either at the port where the offence was committed, or at any other Commonwealth port, for a period of twelve months.

(4) Subject to regulation 33 (15) no part of a fee paid for examination for a certificate shall be returned in case of failure.

Proof of British nationality.

8. (1) A candidate for a certificate shall not be admitted to examination unless he first produces satisfactory proof that he is a British subject.

(2) Proof of nationality may be made by the production of—

(a) the candidate’s birth certificate or a properly certified copy thereof; or

(b) the candidate’s certificate of naturalization; or

(3) If a candidate cannot produce the evidence required by the last preceding sub-regulation, he must furnish, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, other documentary evidence of British nationality.

(4) If any doubt exists as to a candidate’s nationality, the case shall be referred to the Principal Examiner for consideration and his decision in the matter shall be final.

Testimonials.

9. (1) A candidate shall not be admitted to examination unless he first produces testimonials as to experience, ability and conduct in accordance with this regulation.

Part II.

Regs. 10-14.

(2) The testimonials shall be signed by the master or owner of the ship in which the service was performed, and shall be such as to prove, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, the sobriety, experience, ability and general good conduct of the candidate for at least the twelve months of service immediately preceding the date of application for examination.

(3) All breaks in service shall be properly accounted for to the satisfaction of the Examiner.

Special application.

10. (1) In cases where a candidate is in doubt whether his service complies with the Regulations, and wishes to submit his case for special consideration, he shall submit his discharges, testimonials, certificates (if any) and form of application (properly filled in) to the local Examiner, or if at a port where there is no Examiner, to the Superintendent, and shall pay the prescribed examination fee to the Superintendent.

(2) If necessary, the local Examiner or Superintendent, as the case may be, shall forward the papers with his observations to the Principal Examiner, who may either deal with the case or bring it before the Director.

(3) In cases where a candidate is still serving under Articles of Agreement, a written statement to that effect, signed by the Master of the ship, and verified by the Superintendent at the port, may be accepted as proof of service under the existing Articles of Agreement.

Penalty for misconduct.

11. A candidate who—

(a) has neglected or refused to join his vessel after having signed articles; or

(b) has deserted his vessel after having joined; or

(c) has been found guilty of gross misconduct on board, shall be required to produce satisfactory proofs of two years subsequent service and good conduct at sea, unless the Director, after having investigated the matter, sees fit to reduce the time.

Physical or mental disability.

12. (1) If, during the progress of an examination, the Examiner becomes satisfied that the candidate is afflicted with physical or mental disabilities such as render him unfit for the proper performance of the duties of a master or officer at sea, he shall immediately discontinue the examination and report the matter to the Principal Examiner.

(2) When an examination has been so discontinued, the examination fee paid by the candidate shall, on application, be returned to him.

Conditions of passing in Navigation.

13. In order to secure a pass in the examination in Navigation prescribed for any certificate in Parts III., IV. and V. of these Regulations, a candidate must—

(a) obtain 75% of the total marks allotted to the problems and written portions of the examination papers prescribed for that certificate which are given him to do;

(b) attain a degree of accuracy in Morse and semaphore signalling of at least 90% when signalling at the speed prescribed for the certificate desired;

Conditions of passing in Seamanship.

14. In order to pass in the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for any certificate issued under these Regulations must give answers that satisfy the Examiner that the candidate understands and has a thorough knowledge of the parts of the subject prescribed for that certificate and for any certificate of a lower grade.

Part II.

Regs. 15-18.

Conditions of passing voluntary examinations.

15. (1) In order to pass in the examination in Navigation a candidate for an Extra Certificate as Master must obtain 85% of the total marks allotted to the problems and written portions of the examination papers prescribed in Part VI., Division 1, and must satisfy the requirements of regulation 13 (b) and (c) in the signalling and oral parts of the examination; and, in order to pass in the examination in Seamanship, must give answers that prove to the Examiner that the candidate possesses a superior knowledge of the subject.

(2) In order to pass in the examination in Steam a candidate must give answers, both written and oral, which satisfy the Engineer Examiner that the candidate possesses the knowledge of the subject prescribed in Appendix E.

(3) In order to pass in the examination for a Compass Deviation Certificate, a candidate must obtain 85% of the marks allotted to the written part of the examination, and must satisfy the Examiner in the oral and practical examination.

(4) In order to pass for any Voluntary Certificates mentioned in Part VI. of these Regulations, other than those for Extra Master’s, Steam or Compass Deviation Certificates, a candidate must satisfy the requirements of regulations 13 and 14.

Issue of certificates.

16. Upon a candidate obtaining a pass in any of the examinations prescribed in Parts III., IV., V., or VI., of these Regulations, the Examiner shall issue to him an authority in Form M. & M.—EE., authorizing the Superintendent to whom it is addressed to issue the certificate.

Service found to be insufficient.

17. (1) If after a candidate has passed the examination it is discovered that his services were insufficient to have entitled him to receive a certificate of the grade for which he has passed, the certificate shall be withheld from him.

(2) If the Principal Examiner is satisfied that the error in the calculation of the candidate’s services did not occur through any fault of or wilful misropresentation by, the candidate, the fee shall be returned to, or placed to the credit of, the candidate.

(3) If the services of the candidate entitle him to a certificate of a lower grade, such a certificate may be granted to him, and the difference, if any, between the fee paid by him for the higher grade certificate and the fee payable for the lower grade certificate shall be returned to, or placed to the credit of, the candidate.

(4) Where a certificate of a lower grade is issued, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding sub-regulation, the higher grade certificate for which the candidate has passed shall not be granted until he has performed the amount of service in which he was deficient, and has been re-examined in all the subjects of the examination, unless the Director, in his discretion, sees fit to dispense with the re-examination.

Re-examination.

18. (1) If a candidate fails to pass any examination prescribed in these Regulations for a certificate, he shall not be re-examined for that certificate except in accordance with the conditions prescribed by these Regulations.

(2) When the conditions so prescribed have been fulfilled the candidate may make fresh application and pay a further full fee, whereupon he shall be allowed again to present himself for examination.

Part II.

Regs. 19-28.

Failure in English language.

19. If a candidate fails to satisfy the Examiner that he can speak and write the English language sufficiently well to enable him to efficiently perform the duties required of him on board a British vessel, in the position for which he desires a certificate, he shall be refused a certificate and shall not be re-examined until after a lapse of six months.

Failure in Navigation.

20. If a candidate fails in the examination in Navigation, he may present himself at any subsequent examination, but should he fail three times within three months, he shall not be re-examined until after a lapse of three months from the date of the last failure.

Failure in Seamanship.

21. If a candidate fails in Seamanship, he shall not be reexamined until after a lapse of six months, and he may be required to serve the whole or part of this period at sea. The amount of further sea service (if any) to be required shall be determined by the Examiner, having regard to the parts of the subject in which the candidate fails.

Failure in management of square rigged vessels.

22. (1) If a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate fails in seamanship only as regards the management of square-rigged sailing vessels, he may, if qualified as to service, without further formal application or further payment of fee, proceed with the examination for a certificate for steam-ships only, or for fore-and-aft rigged vessels.

(2) This regulation shall also apply to candidates for an Extra Certificate as Master.

Failure in Extra Examinations.

23. A. candidate for an Extra Certificate as Master shall not be allowed to present himself for examination more than three times within a period of twelve months.

Failure in Compass Deviation.

24. A candidate for a certificate in Compass Deviation who fails in the paper on magnetism prescribed for Extra Master in regulation 115 (h), shall not be allowed to present himself for examination more than three times within a period of three months.

Failure in Voluntary Signalling.

25. A candidate who fails in the Voluntary Signalling examination shall not be allowed to present himself for examination more than three times within a period of three months.

Failure in Sight Test.

26. (1) A candidate who fails to pass the Sight Test in form vision shall not be allowed again to present himself for examination until after a lapse of three months from the date of failure.

(2) A candidate who fails to pass the Sight Test in colour vision shall not again be examined locally.

Failure in Steam Examination.

27. A candidate who fails to pass the examination for Masters and Mates in Steam set forth in Appendix E, shall not be allowed again to present himself for examination until after a lapse of three months from the date of failure.

Candidates failing may be examined for certificate of lower grade.

28. (1) If a candidate fails in his examination, but the subjects in which he fails are not included in the subjects required for a certificate of a lower grade, he may, if qualified as to sea service, proceed with the examination for a lower grade certificate without further formal application or payment of fee, but he shall be required to complete the whole of the work prescribed for such lower grade, and those subjects for the lower grade in which the candidate has passed (if any), in connexion with the examination for the higher certificate, shall be credited as passed for the certificate of the lower grade.

Part II.

Regs. 29-32.

(2) If a candidate fails for the Extra Certificate as Master, he may, if qualified as to sea service, proceed, without further formal application or payment of fee, with the examination for a lower grade certificate, but, in any such case, the whole of the examination prescribed for that lower grade shall be completed irrespective of any work which may have been done under examination for the Extra Certificate. The subsequent examination for the lower grade may, if time permits, be taken during the current week, but, in any such case, a fresh set of papers must be obtained from the Principal Examiner. If the time be insufficient to permit of this being done, the candidate shall be allowed to sit at the next following examination.

Change of certificate.

29. The holder of an uncancelled and unexpired Certificate of (Competency as Master or Mate issued under any State Act may, subject to the restrictions and limitations set out in Schedule II., surrender it for a corresponding Certificate of Competency issued under the Navigation Act 1912-1920.

Duplicate of

30. (1) An application for a certified copy of a certificate issued under the Navigation Act, and which has been lost or destroyed, shall be made in Form M. &, M.—D., and shall be lodged with a Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office. The declaration as to the circumstances in which the certificate was lost must also be made by the applicant before the Superintendent.

(2) If, on presentation to a Superintendent, any certificate issued under these Regulations is found to be defaced by use or accident to such an extent as to be illegible, it should be at once transmitted to the Director, accompanied by an application, duly filled in, when a certified copy having all the effect of the original will be issued in lieu thereof.

(3) In cases where it is satisfactorily shown that due care had been taken of the original, and that the loss, destruction, or defacement was not due to the fault of the holder, no charge will be made for the certified copy.

(4) In cases where the Director is not so satisfied, the applicant will be required to pay a fee of Five shillings before delivery of the copy.

Application of Board of Trade Regulations.

31. In any case not provided for in these Regulations, the Regulations made by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom, and for the time being in force, relative to the examination of masters and mates for certificates, shall, to the extent to which they are applicable to the matter, be deemed to be embodied in these Regulations, and shall be observed.

First Aid to the Injured.

First aid.

32. (1) A Foreign-going Certificate of any grade, or a Limited Coast-trade Certificate as Master, Sub-grades A or B, or as Mate, Sub-grade A, shall not be granted to any person unless he holds a certificate of proficiency in First Aid granted by an approved authority.

Part II.

Reg. 33.

(2) For the purposes of this regulation the following shall be deemed to be approved authorities, namely:—

(a) St. John’s Ambulance Association,

(b) St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association,

(d) British Red Cross Society,

(e) London County Council,

(f) Glamorgan County Council,

(g) Leith Technical College,

(h) Any other body approved in writing by the Director of Navigation, and

(i) A Medical Officer of one of His Majesty’s ships.

(3) The certificate of proficiency in First Aid must be an adult certificate, i.e., obtained by the candidate when sixteen years of age or more, and the examination for it must have been passed not more than three years before the date of the examination for the Certificate of Competency.

Provided that certificates of proficiency in First Aid issued by the St. John’s Ambulance Association more than three years before the examination for the Certificate of Competency shall be accepted, provided that, at the expiration of three years since its issue, the certificate of proficiency has attached to it the “voucher” or “label” of the Association certifying that the holder has passed re-examination in First Aid.

(4) Candidates who do not produce a certificate of proficiency in First Aid may be permitted to sit for examination for master or mate, but the Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate shall not be issued until after the production of the First Aid Certificate.

Sight Tests.

Sight tests.

33. (1) A Certificate of Competency shall not be issued to any candidate until he has first passed the sight tests set forth in Schedule IV.

Form vision test.

(2) Every candidate for a certificate shall pass the form vision test. If he obtained a Certificate of Competency in any grade before 1st January, 1914, he will be required to possess at least half normal vision using both eyes together. If he did not obtain such a certificate before the date mentioned, he will be required to possess normal vision using both eyes or either eye separately.

(3) A candidate who has obtained a certificate under the conditions specified in the last preceding sub-regulation may obtain his higher certificates, provided he has normal vision using both eyes or either eye separately.

Colour vision test.

(4) Every candidate shall undergo the colour vision test on every occasion on which he presents himself for examination for his first certificate of competency; but, if he then passes, he shall not be required to undergo the colour vision tests on any subsequent occasion.

(5) A person who holds a Certificate of Competency may be examined for a certificate of higher grade without further examination in colour vision.

Failure in Form vision test.

(6) A candidate who fails to pass the prescribed form vision test may present himself for re-examination at intervals of not less than three months.

Failure in Colour vision test.

(7) A candidate who fails to pass the colour vision test, or who is referred by the Principal Examiner for further examination in colour vision in Melbourne or Sydney, shall not be re-examined locally.

Parts II. & III.

Reg. 34.

(8) When a candidate is referred for further examination, arrangements will be made for a special examination.

Appeals to the Director.

(9) Any candidate who is adjudged by an Examiner to have failed in the local colour vision test may appeal to the Director who, if he thinks the circumstances warrant such a course, may remit the case to a special body of Examiners for decision.

(10) The travelling expenses of any candidate who is referred by the Examiner for further examination, or who, having appealed against the decision of an Examiner, is reported by the special Examiners to have passed, shall be paid at a rate to be notified to the candidate.

(11) Excepting in cases where the Director considers that particular circumstances justify special consideration, no payment shall be made towards the expenses of candidates who, upon their own appeal, are examined by the special Examiners, and are reported by them to have failed.

(12) When a candidate fails to pass the local vision test, the Examiner shall point out to him the conditions under which he can appeal.

(13) Appeals shall be made through the Examiner, and shall be forwarded to the Principal Examiner with the Examiner’s remarks.

(14) No Examiner who has not himself passed in colour vision shall apply the sight tests to any candidate.

(15) The fee paid for examination for a Certificate of Competency includes the fee of Two shillings and sixpence for examination in form and colour vision, and if the candidate fails to pass those tests, the fee paid for examination shall, less a deduction of Two shillings and sixpence, be returned to him.

(16) No additional fee shall be charged to any candidate referred for special examination, but a candidate who appeals against the decision of an Examiner will be required to pay a special fee, which will be returned to him if he passes the special examination.

(17) If a candidate who has been reported by the special Examiners as having failed is still dissatisfied, he may present himself for a second special examination on payment of a fee of Five guineas, provided he brings with him a friend to witness the examination:

Provided that such second examination shall form no part of the examination for a Certificate of Competency, but that the Director may give consideration to the result of the examination in determining whether a certificate shall be granted.

Sight tests—To whom open.

(18) The sight tests shall be open to any person serving or intending to serve in the mercantile marine or in fishing vessels who may desire to ascertain if his vision is such as to qualify him for that service. Any such person, if desirous of undergoing the tests, shall make application to the Superintendent in accordance with Form M. & M.—C., and shall pay a fee of Two shillings and sixpence. The fee shall be payable on each occasion that a candidate is examined.

Part III.—Qualification And Examinations For Foreign-Going Certificates.

Total sea service—Foreign-going Certificates.

34. (1) The requirements as to the total period of sea service prescribed for any certificate in this Part of these Regulations shall be regarded as satisfied when the whole of the service has been performed at sea in foreign-going or Australian-trade ships in one or more of the capacities specified in regulation 144 of these Regulations.

Part III.

Regs. 35-39.

(2) Where the whole or any part of the total period of sea service prescribed for any Foreign-going Certificate has been served in limited coast-trade ships, or in capacities other than those referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation, such service shall be regarded as equivalent to a part only of a similar period served in foreign-going ships in one or more of the capacities specified in regulation 144, and its proportionate value, with respect to the qualifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations contained in Part VII. of these Regulations.

35. Service performed in any capacity whilst holding a Home Trade Certificate issued in the United Kingdom or by any authority mentioned in Appendix K of these Regulations, shall be deemed equivalent to service performed in a similar capacity whilst holding any Limited Coast-trade Certificate issued under these Regulations.

Square-rigged Service required.

36. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate of any grade who has not previously held an Ordinary Certificate of a lower grade, before being permitted to sit for examination, shall prove that he has served twelve months, if in the foreign-going trade, or eighteen months, if in the limited-coast trade, in a square-rigged sailing vessel.

division I.—ordinary certificates foreign-going.

Value of Ordinary Certificates.

37. An Ordinary Certificate, foreign-going, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate or in a lower capacity, in any ship employed in any trade.

Second Mate—Ordinary—Foreign-going.

Qualifications—

Second Mate, Ordinary.

38. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship must be not less than eighteen years of age, and have served four years at sea.

Examination in Navigation—

Second Mate, Ordinary.

39. (1) In the examination in Navigation a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship may be required—

(a) to write, as a test of handwriting and spelling, a short essay on a nautical subject;

(b) to evaluate arithmetical expressions by aid of logarithms;

(d) to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, deviation, and variation;

(e) to find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the sun;

(f) to work any practical problem in parallel sailing;

(g) to find the true course and distance from one given position to another by Mercator’s method; also the compass course, the variation and deviation being given;

(h) to find the true amplitude of the sun, and the error of the compass therefrom; also the deviation, the variation being given;

(i) to find the longitude by chronometer from altitude of the sun by the usual methods, computing the daily rate of chronometer from errors observed when required; also to find the true azimuth of the sun, and the error of the compass; and the deviation, the variation being given;

Part III.

Reg. 40.

(j) to find the true azimuth of the sun by Time Azimuth tables; the error of the compass; also the deviation, the variation being given;

(k) to give a figure and explanation for each problem worked, and a written explanation of any given terms used in navigation or nautical astronomy (see regulation 187);

(l) to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer, and the distance or distances from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position together with the set and drift (if any) on the chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same or different objects, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing; to find on a chart or plan the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given tide or current, and the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a given time; to fix a ship’s position on a chart or plan by horizontal sextant angles, using a station-pointer; and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart; and to give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables.

(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—

(a) The Morse and British movable semaphore alphabets, the International Code of Signals, and the Allied Signal Manual. He shall be required to attain a minimum speed of ten words a minute in semaphore, six words a minute in Morse flashing and five words a minute in Morse flag waving (see Appendix D);

(b) The use and adjustment of the sextant, reading off and on the arc, and the mode of finding the index error by both horizon and sun;

(c) The construction, use and principle of the barometer, thermometer and hydrometer; also the use and care of a chronometer;

(d) Weights and measures;

(e) The markings, signs and abbreviations on Admiralty charts or plans;

(f) The general notices published in the Board of Trade Summary of Notices to Mariners; and

(g) Elementary questions on the main parts of a ship’s construction.

Examination in Seamanship—

Second Mate, Ordinary.

40. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the standing and running rigging of ships;

(b) bending, unbending, setting, reefing, taking in and furling sail;

Part III.

Regs. 41-42.

(d) the management of a ship when under canvas;

(e) management of ships’ boats in heavy weather;

(f) dunnaging, stowing and discharging cargo;

(g) the Rule of the Road as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(h) the signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals;

(i) the marking and use of the lead and log lines, and care and use of sounding machines and mechanical logs; and

(j) the use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of a vessel being stranded.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily—

(a) any questions appertaining to the duties of a Second Mate that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask; and

(b) any questions on the additional subjects that are specified in the rules of examination for a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship (see regulation 53).

First Mate—Ordinary—Foreign-going.

Qualifications—

First Mate, Ordinary.

41. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship must be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which—

(a) one year must have been in a capacity not lower than Fourth Mate of a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship: Provided that, if his service was as Third or Fourth Mate, the candidate shall be required to prove that he had during the whole year charge of a watch in accordance with regulation 154; or

(b) one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than Mate in a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship, or a certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, or as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship; or

Examination in Navigation—

First Mate.

42. (1) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship may be required—

(a) to do any of the work prescribed in regulation 39;

(b) to solve problems and prove identities in plane trigonometry, and to answer questions and solve problems in right-angled spherical trigonometry;

(d) to determine what bright stars will be within a certain hour angle from the observer’s meridian, above the pole and above the horizon, at any given time; also the hour-angle, east or west, of each of the stars, and whether to the north or south of the observer’s zenith when passing the meridian;

Part III.

Reg. 43.

(e) to compute the approximate meridian altitude of a star for setting the sextant;

(f) to find the latitude from the meridian altitude of a star;

(g) to find the longitude by chronometer by altitude of a star;

(h) to find the true azimuth of a star by Time Azimuth Tables, and get the deviation therefrom;

(i) to find the latitude by ex-meridian altitude of the sun or a star;

(j) to find the line of position, the true bearing of the sun and the ship’s position by Sumner’s method of projection;

(k) to give a figure and explanation for each problem worked, and a written explanation of any given terms used in navigation or nautical astronomy (see regulation 187);

(l) to answer certain questions on meteorology; and

(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—

(a) The keeping of a ship’s log;

(b) The calculation of a given bunker or hold;

(d) The measurement and equipment of a vessel’s lifeboats, and the number of persons allowed to be carried in each class of boat;

(e) Testing of lifebuoys and lifebelts;

(f) The screening of vessel’s sidelights; and

(g) More advanced questions on the main parts of a vessel’s construction and general use.

Examination in Seamanship—

First Mate.

43. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship;

(b) shifting large spars, rigging sheers, taking lower masts in and out;

(d) the management of a ship in stormy weather, and casting a ship on a lee shore;

(e) securing the masts in the event of accident to the bowsprit;

(f) rigging purchases for handling heavy weights, anchors or machinery;

(g) disposing various kinds of cargo and weights in a stiff and in a tender vessel;

(h) the ventilation of holds, and stowage of explosives;

(i) the stowage of grain cargoes;

(j) rigging a sea anchor, and the means to employ to keep a vessel, disabled or unmanageable, out of the trough of the sea, and lessen her lee drift;

(k) getting a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather; and

(l) accidents, and how to deal with them.

Part III.

Reg. 4.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily—

(a) any other questions appertaining to the duties of a First Mate that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask; and

(b) any questions on the additional subjects that are specified in the rules of examination for a Certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship (see regulation 56).

Master—Ordinary—Foreign-going.

Qualifications—

Master, Ordinary

44. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship must be not less than twenty-one years of age and—

(a) he must have served six years at sea, of which—

(i) one year must have been in a capacity not lower than Only Mate of a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Only Mate of a foreign-going ship, provided that, if this service as officer was not performed whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship, the candidate shall also be required to prove that he has performed the officer’s service prescribed for that grade; or

(ii) one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Only Mate of a foreign-going ship, provided that if this service as officer was not performed whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship, the candidate shall also be required to prove that he has performed the officer’s service prescribed for that grade; or

(iii) three years must have been in the capacity of Master of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship or a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship for at least one year of the service; or

(iv) one year must have been in the capacity of Master, and three years in a capacity not lower than Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship or a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship for at least one year of the service; or

(b) he must have served six and a half years at sea, of which one year must have been served in a capacity not lower than Second Mate of a foreign-going ship whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship, provided that, if this service as Second Mate was performed under an additional or auxiliary First Mate, it will only be accepted if a Third or Fourth Mate were also carried; and one year and a half must have been served in a capacity

Part III.

Reg. 45.

not lower than Third or Fourth Mate of a foreign-going ship in charge of a watch whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship; or

(c) he must have served seven and a half years at sea, of which two years must have been in a capacity not lower than Third Mate of a foreign-going ship, carrying not more than two officers (excluding the Master) above the rank of Third Mate, whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship; and one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than Third or Fourth Mate of a foreign-going ship in charge of a watch whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship (see Part VII.).

Examination in Navigation—

Master, Ordinary.

45. (1) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship may be required—

(a) to work any of the problems prescribed in regulations 39 and 42;

(b) to write an essay on some nautical subject;

(d) to find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the moon;

(e) to give a figure and explanation for each problem worked, and a written explanation of any given terms used in navigation or nautical astronomy (see regulation 187);

(f) to find the magnetic bearing of any fixed object when at sea or at anchor from bearings of the object taken with the ship’s head on equidistant compass-points, and to compute the deviation therefrom; to construct a deviation-curve upon a Napier’s diagram (which will be furnished by the Examiner), and show that he understands its practical application; to give satisfactory written and oral answers to certain practical questions as to the effect of the ship’s iron upon compasses and the method of determining the deviation, and to show how to compensate the deviation by magnets and soft iron by the aid of Beall’s compass deviascope; and

(g) to answer questions on ship-construction and naval architecture, and a few elementary questions on stability.

(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—

(a) The law as to the engagement and discharge and management of the crew, and the entries to be made in the official log;

(b) The preventing and checking of an outbreak of scurvy on board ship;

(d) Invoices, charter-parties, bills of lading, Lloyd’s agent, nature of bottomry, bills of exchange, surveys, averages, and such other matters relating to ship’s business as the Examiner thinks fit;

(e) The prevailing winds and currents of the globe;

(f) The trade routes; and

(g) Tides.

Part III.

Regs. 46-51.

Examination in Seamanship—

Master, Ordinary.

46. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examinations for Ordinary Certificates as Second or First mate;

(b) construction of jury rudders for both wooden and iron vessels, also rafts;

(d) management of ship in heavy weather;

(e) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel;

(f) steps to be taken when a vessel is on her beam ends, or disabled, or unmanageable, or on a lee shore, or in dangers or difficulties of any nature;

(g) heaving a keel out;

(h) proceedings to be taken when placing a ship in dry dock, and directing repairs, and when putting into port in distress with damage to cargo and ship.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily—

(a) any other questions appertaining to the management of a vessel that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask; and

(b) any questions on the additional subjects that are specified in the rules of examination for a certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship (see regulation 59).

division 2. fore-and-aft certificates foreign-going.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificates, Foreign-going.

47. A Fore-and-aft Certificate, foreign-going, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate or in a lower capacity in any fore-and-aft rigged vessel employed in any trade.

Qualifications.

48. The qualifications required for candidates for certificates of the grades of Second Mate, First Mate, and Master of fore-and-aft-rigged vessels shall be the same as those prescribed for corresponding grades of Ordinary Certificates, excepting that the service required in sailing vessels may have been performed in fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessels.

Examinations.

49. The examinations for the grades of Second Mate, First Mate, and Master of fore-and-aft-rigged vessels shall be the same as those prescribed for the Ordinary Certificates, excepting that in the examination in seamanship a knowledge of the management of square-rigged vessels shall not be required.

division 3.—steam-ship certificates—foreign-going

Value of Steam-ship Certificates, Foreign-going.

50. A Steam-ship Certificate, foreign-going, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any steam-ship employed in any trade.

Second Mate.—Steam-ships—Foreign-going.

Qualifications—

Second Mate, Steam-ships.

51. The qualifications as to age and service of a candidate for a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going steamship shall be the same as prescribed by regulation 38 for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, excepting that the whole of the service required may have been in steam-ships and that no service in square-rigged vessels shall be required.

Part III.

Regs. 52-56.

Examination in Navigation—

Second Mate, Steam-ships.

52. The examination in Navigation for a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 39 for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship.

Examination in Seamanship—

Second Mate, Steam-ships.

53. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship must show a knowledge of—

(a) the standing and running rigging of steam-ships;

(b) bending, unbending, setting, taking in, and furling sail;

(d) seeing everything in readiness and clear for getting under way, and the precautions to be then observed with regard to steering-gear and connexions, engines, and propeller;

(e) care and usage of mechanical logs and sounding machines;

(f) management of ships’ boats in heavy weather;

(g) dunnaging, stowing and discharging cargo;

(h) the Rule of the Road as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(i) signals of distress, and signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals;

(j) the marking and use of the ordinary lead and log lines;

(k) the construction, use, and action of the sluices, and of the water-ballast tanks;

(l) engine room and other telegraphs used on board ship, and deck appliances generally;

(m) use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of a vessel being stranded.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of the Second Mate of a steam-ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

First Mate.—Steam-ships—Foreign-going.

Qualifications—

First Mate, Steam-ships.

54. The qualifications as to age and service of a candidate for a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship shall be the same as prescribed in regulation 41 for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, excepting that the whole of the service may have been in steamships, and that no service in square-rigged ships shall be required.

Examination in Navigation.

55. The examination in Navigation for a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 42 for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship.

Examination in Seamanship—

First Mate, Steam-ships.

56. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship;

(b) shifting large spars, rigging sheers, and taking lower masts in and out;

C.8206.—2

Part III.

Regs. 57-59.

(d) management of a steam-ship in stormy weather;

(e) rigging purchases for handling heavy weights, anchors, or machinery;

(f) disposing various kinds of cargo and weights in a stiff and in a tender vessel;

(g) ventilation of holds and the stowage of explosives;

(h) stowage of grain cargoes;

(i) the effects of the screw race upon the rudder; and the effect produced on the direction of the head of the ship by going (ahead) (astern) with a (right) (left) handed screw when the rudder is (ported) (starboarded); also the effect of twin screws under the same conditions, and when going ahead with one and reversing the other, as the case may be;

(j) rigging a sea anchor, and the means to employ to keep a steam-ship, with her machinery disabled, out of the trough of the sea, and to lessen her lee drift;

(k) turning a steam-ship short round;

(l) getting a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the duties of a First Mate of a steam-ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Master.—Steam-ships—Foreign-going.

Qualifications—

Master, Steam-ships.

57. The qualifications as to age and service of a candidate for a certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship shall be the same as prescribed by regulation 44 for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, excepting that the whole of the service may have been performed in steam-ships, and that no service in square-rigged vessels shall be required.

Examination in Navigation.

58. The examination in Navigation for a certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 45 for an Ordinary Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship.

Examination in Seamanship—

Master, Steam-ships.

59. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examinations for certificates as Second or First Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship;

(b) construction of rafts, and of jury rudders suitable for screw steam-ships;

(d) management of steam-ships in heavy weather;

(e) rescuing the crew of a disabled ship;

(f) steps to be taken when a vessel is on her beam ends, or disabled, and on a lee shore;

(g) the use of steam appliances in the event of fire;

(h) economy in coal consumption;

(i) the best arrangement for towing vessels under different circumstances;

(j) placing ship in dry dock, directing repairs, and the mode of procedure when putting into port in distress with damage to cargo and ship.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the management of a steam-ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask

Part IV.

Regs. 60-63.

Part IV.—Qualification’s and Examinations for Limited Coast-trade Certificates.

Total sea service. Limited coast-trade certificates.

60. (1) The requirements as to the total period of sea service prescribed for any certificate in this Part of these Regulations shall be regarded as satisfied when the whole of the service has been performed at sea in either foreign-going or limited coast-trade ships in one or more of the capacities specified in regulation 144 of these Regulations.

(2) Where the whole or any part of the total period of sea service prescribed for any Limited Coast-trade Certificate has been served in ships or capacities other than those referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation, such service shall be regarded as equivalent to a part only of a similar period served in limited coast-trade ships, and its proportionate value, with respect to qualifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations contained in Part VII. of these Regulations.

division i.—ordinary certificates—limited coast trade.

Ordinary Certificates (Sub-grade A), Limited Coast Trade.

Value of Ordinary Certificates, (Sub-grade A), L.C.T.

61. An Ordinary Certificate (Sub-grade A), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any ship employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate.

Ordinary Certificate, Second Mate, Sub-grade A, Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Ordinary Certificate, Second Mate, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

62. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship, must be not less than eighteen years of age, and have served three years at sea, of which time he must have served not less than twelve months in square-rigged sailing vessels.

Examination in Navigation—

Ordinary Certificate, Second Mate, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

63. (1) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship, may be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write English and to spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, involving the use of the tables of money, length, avoirdupois and time;

(c) to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer and the distance on each course from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position, together with the set and drift (if any), on a chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ships position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing;

Part IV.

Regs. 64-65.

(d) to find the time of high water at a given place by the aid of the Admiralty or local tide tables, and give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables.

(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in—

(a) The International Code of Signals and the Allied Signal Manual. He must attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in semaphore and five words a minute in Morse flashing or flag-waving (see appendix D).

(b) The markings, signs, and abbreviations on Admiralty charts or plans.

Examination in Seamanship—

Ordinary Certificate, Second Mate, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

64. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship, must show a knowledge of—

(a) the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(b) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot;

(d) stowing and discharging cargo;

(e) the rigging of all classes of vessels, and bending, making and taking in sail;

(f) the mooring and unmooring of vessels at a wharf, and the precautions then to be observed with regard to outlying gear, steering gear connexions, and propellers;

(g) the marking and use of lead and log lines;

(h) management of ships’ boats;

(i) the use of the rocket apparatus, and position of the local rocket stations;

(j) the use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks, and deck appliances.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Second Mate of a limited coast-trade ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Ordinary Certificate, First Mate, Sub-grade A, Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Ordinary Certificate, First Mate, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

65. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship must be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which—

(a) one year must have been in square-rigged sailing vessels; and

(b) one year must have been in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade

Part IV.

Reg. 66.

Examination in Navigation—

Ordinary Certificate, First Mate, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

66. (1) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship may be required—

(a) to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, deviation and variation;

(b) to find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the sun;

(c) to find the true amplitude of the sun, and the error of the compass therefrom; also the deviation, the variation being given;

(d) to find the true azimuth of the sun by the Time Azimuth tables; the error of the compass, also the deviation, the variation being given;

(e) to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer and the distance on each course from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position, together with the set and drift (if any), on the chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance rum between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also, the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing; to find on a chart or plan the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given tide or current, and the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a given time; to fix a ship’s position on a chart or plan by horizontal sextant angles, using a station pointer; and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart; and give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables.

(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—

(a) The International Code of Signals and the Allied Signal Manual. He must attain a minimum speed of ten words a minute in semaphore and six words a minute in Morse flashing, and five words a minute in Morse flag-waving (see Appendix D).

(b) The use and adjustments of the sextant, reading on and off the arc, and the mode of finding the index error by the horizon;

(d) The markings, signs and abbreviations on Admiralty charts or plans;

(e) Keeping a ship’s log-book;

(f) The principal local lights and the currents along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate;

Part IV.

Regs. 67-68.

Examination in Seamanship—

Ordinary Certificate, First Mate, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

67. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) the working of a ship’s windlass, anchors and cables; how to mark and take cables on board, mooring and unmooring at an anchorage; tending ship at anchor;

(d) taking a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather;

(e) the rigging of purchases and sheers for heavy lifts;

(f) the rigging and use of a sea anchor;

(g) the duties of a mate as officer of the watch, and when staying or wearing ship;

(h) the effect of the propeller on the steering of a steam-ship when going either ahead or astern;

(i) the best method of turning a steam-ship short round under various conditions of wind, weather, and current.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of First Mate of a limited coast-trade ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Ordinary Certificate, Master, Sub-grade A, Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Ordinary Certificate, Master, Sub-grade A, L.C.T .

68. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship must be not less than twenty-one years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which—

(a) one year must have been in a square-rigged sailing vessel; and

(b) (i) one year in a capacity not lower than that of First Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of First Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade; or

(ii) one year in a capacity not lower than Second Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of First Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade; and in addition, one and a half years in a capacity not lower than Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.

Examination in Navigation—

Ordinary Certificate, Master, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

69. (1) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship may be required—

(a) to do any of the work prescribed in regulation 66;

Part IV.

Regs. 69-71.

(b) to find the current in the day’s work, when the position by observation is given;

(c) to compute the true course and distance from one given position to another by Mercator’s method, and also to determine the compass course, the deviation and variation being given;

(d) to find the longitude by chronometer by observation of the sun;

(e) to give written answers to certain practical questions on the deviation of the compass (see Appendix F); and

(f) to give a written explanation of any given terms commonly used in navigation or nautical astronomy.

(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—

(a) the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of the crew, and the entries to be made in the official log book;

(b) bills of lading, charter parties, invoices, surveys.

Examination in Seamanship—

Ordinary Certificate, Master, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.

70. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) taking lower masts in and out;

(d) the measures to be taken when a ship is in danger through heavy weather, disablement, fire, collision, or grounding;

(e) the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts;

(f) resources for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;

(g) the best method of towing vessels disabled in any particular manner; and

(h) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Ordinary Certificates (Sub-grade B), Limited Coast-trade.

Value of Ordinary Certificates, (Sub-grade B, L.C.T.

71. An Ordinary Certificate (Sub-grade B), limited coast-trade shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a ship under 300 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in a lower capacity in a ship of any tonnage employed within those limits.

Part IV.

Regs. 72-76.

Ordinary Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade B, Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Ordinary Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade B, L.C.T.

72. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship, must be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which time he must have served not less than twelve months in square-rigged sailing vessels.

Examination in Navigation.

73. The examination in Navigation for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 63 for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship.

Examination in Seamanship—

Ordinary Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade B, L.C.T.

74. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) the windlass and tending ship at anchor;

(d) taking a cast of the deep-sea lead;

(e) the mate’s duties as officer of the watch and when staying or wearing ship;

(f) keeping the ship’s log-book; and

(g) the principal characteristics of the local lights.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate, Sub-grade B, that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Ordinary Certificate, Master, Sub-grade B, Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Ordinary Certificate, Master, Sub-grade B, L.C.T.

75. A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship must be not less than twenty years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which—

(a) one year must have been in a square-rigged sailing vessel; and

(b) one year in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.

Examination in Navigation.

76. The examination in Navigation for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade, ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 66 for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship.

Part IV.

Regs. 77-80.

Examination in Seamanship—

Ordinary Certificate, Master, Sub-grade B, L.C.T.

77. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;

(b) taking lower masts in and out;

(d) the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts;

(e) resources for preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;

(f) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel;

(g) the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of the crew and the entries to be made in the official log book;

(h) bills of lading, charter parties, surveys;

(i) winds and currents along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of a Master in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

division 2. fore-and-aft certificates, limited coast-trade.

Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grades A and B), Limited Coast-trade.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificates, (Sub-grades A and B,) L.C.T.

78. (1) A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade A), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any fore-and-aft rigged vessel employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate.

(2) A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade B), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel under 300 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel of any tonnage employed within those limits.

Qualifications Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grades A and B), L.C.T.

79. The qualifications as to age and sea service of a candidate for a Fore-and-aft Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as are prescribed in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding grades and sub-grades (if any) of Ordinary Certificates, limited coast-trade, excepting only that the service required to have been performed in sailing vessels may have been performed in fore-and-aft-rigged sailing vessels.

Examination.

80. The examination of a candidate for a Fore-and-aft Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding grade and sub-grade (if any) of Ordinary Certificates, limited coast-trade, excepting only that as regards seamanship a knowledge of the management of square-rigged vessels shall not be required.

Part IV.

Regs. 81-84.

Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grade C), Limited Coast-trade,

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grade C), L.C.T.

81. A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade C), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel under 100 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in any lower capacity determined in the manner prescribed in Schedule III.

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Mate (Sub-grade C), Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade C, L.C.T.

82. A candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship must be not less than eighteen years of age, and have served three years at sea, of which one year must have been in sailing vessels.

Examination in Navigation.

83. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write English and to spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, involving the use of the tables of money, and avoirdupois;

(d) to know the lights, tides, dangers and storm signals along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate; and

(e) to possess a fair working knowledge of the International Code of Signals.

Examination in Seamanship—

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade C, L.C.T.

84. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(b) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot;

(d) stowing and discharging cargo;

(e) the rigging of fore-and-aft-rigged vessels, and the bending, making and taking in of fore-and-aft sails;

(f) the mooring and unmooring of a vessel at a wharf or in a roadstead;

(g) the marking and use of the lead and log lines;

(h) the use of the rocket apparatus and position of the local rocket stations;

(i) use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks and deck appliances.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate of a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Part IV.

Regs. 85-89.

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade C, Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade C, L.C.T.

85. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship must be not less than twenty years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which—

(a) one year must have been in sailing vessels; and

(b) one year in a capacity for which a certificate not lower than that of

Mate, sub-grade C; or

Master, sub-grade D;

of a limited coast-trade ship is required.

Examination in Navigation.

86. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft-rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be required—

(a) to do all of the work prescribed in regulation 63; and

(b) to find the latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.

Examination in Seamanship—

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade C, L.C.T.

87. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) the seamanship included in the examination for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship;

(b) action to be taken in case of accident to the vessel;

(d) the management of a vessel under fore-and-aft canvas, and also of a steam-ship in heavy weather; and

(e) the law as to the engagement and discharge of the crew and the entries to be made in the official log.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master of a vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grade D), Limited Coast-trade.

Value of Certificate, Master, Sub-grade D, L.C.T.

88. A Fore-and-Aft Certificate (Sub-grade D), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve as Master of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel under 50 tons net register trading within a radius of 50 nautical miles from the port specified in the certificate, or as Mate of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel under 100 tons net register trading within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade determined for that port by the Governor-General.

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade D, Limited Coast-trade.

Qualifications—

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade D, L.C.T.

89. A candidate for a certificate/as Master, Sub-grade I), of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship must be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served four years at sea, of which one year must have been in sailing vessels.

Parts IV. & V.

Regs. 90-95.

Examination in Navigation.

90. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade D, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship shall be required—

(a) to do all of the work prescribed in regulation 83;

(b) to understand the use of Mercator’s chart; to lay down the position of the ship on a “magnetic” chart, having given the bearing and distance of an object, or from cross bearings of two objects; to find the compass course and the distance from one given position to another; and

Examination in Seamanship.

91. The examination in Seamanship for a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade D, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship shall include a knowledge of the seamanship prescribed by regulation 84 of these Regulations for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship, with such additional questions relating to the duties of Master of a vessel in the limited coast-trade as the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

division 3.—steam-ship certificates, limited coast-trade.

Value of Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade.

92. A Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall have the same value with respect to the capacities in which the holder may serve and to distance and tonnage limits as is prescribed by these Regulations for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ships, but shall be valid for steam-ships only.

Qualifications—

Steam-ship Certificates, limited coast-trade.

93. The qualifications as to age and sea service of a candidate for a Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as are prescribed by these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ships, excepting only that the whole of the service may have been performed in steam-ships.

Examination—

Steam-ship Certificates, limited coast-trade.

94. The examination of a candidate for a Steam-ship Certificate, limited coast-trade, of any grade and sub-grade shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations for candidates for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ships, excepting only that as regards seamanship a knowledge of the management of a sailing vessel shall not be required.

Part V.—Qualifications And Examinations For River And Bay Certificates.

Total sea-service required for River and Bay Certificates.

95. The whole of the service required to qualify for any certificate for river and bay ships may have been performed in vessels engaged in the river and bay trade, but in the case of candidates for a certificate as Master of a river and bay ship, at least one year of the total service must have been performed in the particular river and bay trade for which the certificate is desired.

Part V.

Regs. 96-100.

division 1.—fore-and-aft certificates—river and bay trade.

Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grades A and B), River and Bay Trade.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificates (Sub-grade A), river and bay trade.

96. A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade A), river and bay trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any fore-and-aft rigged vessel employed within the limits of the particular section of the river and bay trade specified in the certificate.

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade A, River and Bay Trade.

Qualifications—

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade A, river and bay trade.

97. A candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ship must be not less than eighteen years of age, and have served three years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time not less than one year must have been in sailing vessels.

Examination.

98. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ship shall be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write simple English and to spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division;

(d) to know the port signals and the lights, tides, and dangers of the locality;

(e) to have a thorough knowledge of the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights, and fog and sound signals;

(f) to show a knowledge of the windlass and of the precautions to be observed when coming to anchor;

(g) to know how to set and take in fore-and-aft sails;

(h) to show a knowledge of the use and action of the bulk-head sluices and of deck appliances in sailing and in steam vessels; and

(i) to give satisfactory answers to any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate in the river and bay trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade A, River and Bay Trade.

Qualifications—

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade A, river and bay trade.

99. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ship must be not less than twenty years of age, and have served four years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time—

(a) one year must have been in sailing vessels; and

(b) one year in a capacity not lower than Master, Sub-grade B, or Mate, Sub-grade A, in the river and bay trade.

Examination,

100. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ship shall be required—

(a) to work sums in compound addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, involving the use of the tables of money and avoirdupois;

Part V.

Regs. 101-105.

(d) to know the lights, tides, and dangers of the locality and any special port signals in use;

(e) to show a knowledge of the management of a fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel when under sail;

(f) to know how to act in case of accidents to the vessel; and

(g) to answer any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master of a river and bay ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade B, River and Bay Trade.

Value of Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade B, river and bay trade.

101. A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade B), river and bay trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve as Master of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, under 50 tons net register, employed within the limits of the particular section of the river and bay trade specified in the certificate, or as Mate of a fore-and-aft rigged vessel of any tonnage employed within those limits.

Qualifications

Fore-and-aft Certificate, Master, Sub-grade B, river and bay trade.

102. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ship must be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served four years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time not less than one year must have been in sailing vessels.

Examination.

103. The examination of a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade B, of a fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ship shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 98 for a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade A, of a fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ship, with such additional questions relating to the duties of a master in the river and bay trade as the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

division 2.—steam-ship certificates, river and bay trade.

Steamship Certificates (Sub-grades A and B), River and Bay Trade.

Value of Steam-ship Certificates, river and bay trade.

104. A Steam-ship Certificate as Master or Mate (Sub-grades A and B), river and bay trade, shall have the same value with respect to the capacities in which the lawful holder may serve and to distance and tonnage limits as is prescribed by these Regulations for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ships, but shall be valid for steam-ships only.

Qualifications—

Steam-ship Certificates, (Sub-grades A and B), river and bay trade.

105. The qualifications as to age and service of a candidate for a Steam-ship Certificate (Sub-grades A and B), river and bay trade, shall be the same as are prescribed by these Regulations for a candidate for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft rigged river and bay ships, excepting only that the whole of the service may have been performed in steam-ships.

Part V.

Regs. 106-111.

Examination.

106. The examination of a candidate for a certificate as Master or Mate (Sub-grades A and B) of a river and bay steam-ship shall be the same as is prescribed in these Regulations for a candidate for the corresponding certificate for fore-and-aft-rigged river and bay ships, excepting only that with regard to seamanship, a knowledge of the management of a sailing vessel shall not be required.

Steam-ship Certificates (Sub-grade C), River and Bay Trade.

Value of Steam-ship Certificates (Sub-grade C), river and bay trade.

107. A Steam-ship Certificate (Sub-grade C), river and bay trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in any steam-ship plying solely on the River Murray or its tributaries.

Steam-ship Certificate.—Mate, Sub-grade C, River and Bay Trade.

Qualifications.

Steam-ship Certificate, Mate, Sub-grade C, river and bay trade.

108. A candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steam-ship must be not less than eighteen years of age, and have served two years at sea or in the river and bay trade.

Examination.

109. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steam-ship shall be required—

(a) to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write simple English and spell correctly;

(b) to work sums in simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division;

(c) to know the Rule of the Road and the regulation lights, fog and sound signals for vessels plying on the River Murray or its tributaries;

(d) to answer any questions appertaining to the duties of Mate of a river steam-ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Steam-ship Certificate.—Master, Sub-grade C, River and Bay Trade.

Qualifications—

Steam-ship Certificate, Master, Sub-grade C, river and bay trade.

110. A candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steam-ship must be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served three years at sea or in the river and bay trade, of which time he must have served one year as mate or two years as barge master on the River Murray.

Examination—

Steam-ship Certificate, Master, Sub-grade C, river and bay trade.

111. In examination, a candidate for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade C, of a river and bay steam-ship shall be required—

(a) to work sums in compound addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, involving the use of tables of money and avoirdupois;

(b) to be able to take bearings by the compass;

(d) to know what action to take in case of accident;

(e) to answer any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master of a river steamship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Part VI.

Regs. 112-115.

Part VI.—Qualifications and Examinations for Voluntary Certificates.

112. Voluntary examinations shall be held to enable persons who are qualified to obtain the following certificates:—

(a) Extra Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship.

(b) Extra Certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship.

(d) Extra Certificate as Master of a British yacht.

(e) Certificate as Master of an Australian yacht.

(f) Certificate for Efficiency in Navigation and Seamanship.

(g) Provisional Certificate as Master or Mate of a foreign-going ship.

(h) Compass Deviation Certificate.

(i) Signalling Certificate.

(j) Passed in Steam Certificate.

(k) Certificate of Service.

division 1.—extra certificates—foreign-going.

Extra Master, Foreign-going Ships.

Value of Certificate.

113. An Extra Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship shall entitle the holder to go to sea as master of any vessel, sailing or steam.

Qualifications—

Extra Master.

114. The Extra Examination may take place when the candidate is qualified to go up for examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship, or at any time subsequent to his passing the examination for that certificate.

Examination in Navigation.

115. (1) In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for an Extra Certificate as Master may, in addition to the requirements for the Ordinary Certificate as Master, be required—

(a) to find the latitude or position from double altitudes of the sun or of a star;

(b) to determine, from simultaneous observations of two different stars, the position of the ship, and the true bearing of the stars, by Sumner’s method. (The candidate may either determine the four longitudes from the two assumed latitudes which will be given, or solve the question in any other way he chooses.);

(c) to find the error of a chronometer from the altitude of the sun or of a star, observed with an artificial horizon or with the natural horizon;

(d) to explain clearly in writing the principles of (1) great circle sailing; (2) windward great circle sailing; (3) composite great circle sailing; and their advantages and disadvantages;

(e) to show approximately on a terrestrial globe the great circle track and the distance from one given point to another; also the latitude and longitude of vertex; and the longitude from vertex; and to explain how the track can then be transferred to a Mercator’s chart. (The candidate may be required to lay the track down on a chart.);

Part VI.

Regs. 116-117

(f) to determine the initial great circle course, and the distance, from one given position to another, the latitude and longitude of vertex, the longitude from vertex and the latitudes and longitudes through which the great circle will pass; laying the track, composite or otherwise, down on a Mercator’s chart, and explaining briefly how the course and distance from one point to another on this track is then found. (This problem may, subject to the decision of the Examiner, be solved either by calculation, or by any tables, graphic method, or great-circle chart known to and preferred by the candidate, and it will usually be set so as to leave the choice of method to the candidate.);

(g) to answer more advanced problems on plane and spherical trigonometry;

(h) to answer a paper on magnetism as relating to the compass;

(i) to construct a plan or chart on Mercator’s principle and solve a given problem thereon;

(j) to answer a paper on naval architecture, including ship construction and stability;

(k) to answer a paper on general knowledge, including shipping business, imports and exports, astronomy, and general elementary science (except chemistry).

(2) The candidate shall be examined orally on the following subjects:—

(a) The leading principles of the construction of the sextant and vernier; mechanical logs and sounding machines.

(b) The civil duties of a shipmaster, in which he must show a more extensive knowledge than a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship; and

(c) Signalling, in which he must attain a minimum speed of twelve words a minute in semaphore, ten words a minute in Morse flashing, and six words a minute in Morse flag-waving.

(3) The candidate shall be required to show the construction of all problems worked, in accordance with regulations 187 and 188.

Examination in Seamanship.

116. In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Extra Certificate as Master shall, in addition to the requirements for an Ordinary Certificate as Master, give satisfactory answers to any questions in practical seamanship that the Examiner puts to him.

Extra Master.—Foreign-going Steam-ships.

Qualifications—

Extra Master, Steam-ships.

117. (1) Extra certificates shall also be issued, subject to the examination described below, to officers who can show the necessary service in steam-ships.

(2) The certificates shall entitle the holders to go to sea as masters of steam-ships only.

(3) The examination shall be open to all who are qualified to go up for a certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship, or who have already obtained that certificate, and to candidates who have failed, in the examination for an Extra Certificate as Master, to show the requisite knowledge of the management of square-rigged sailing vessels, provided that in the latter case the candidates can prove the necessary amount of officer’s service in steam-ships.

C.8206—3

Part VI.

Regs. 118-123.

Examination in Navigation.

118. The examination in Navigation of a candidate for an Extra Certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship shall be the same as that prescribed by these Regulations for a candidate for an Extra Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship.

Examination in Seamanship.

119. In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for an Extra Certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship shall, in addition to the requirements for a certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship, give satisfactory answers to any questions appertaining to the management of a steam-ship that the Examiner puts to him.

division 2.—yacht certificates.

Master, British Yachts.

Value of Certificate.

120. A certificate as Master of a British yacht shall entitle the holder to command, in any waters, any pleasure yacht of which he is at the time the sole owner.

Qualifications—

Master, British yachts.

121. (1) A candidate for a certificate as Master of a British seagoing yacht must be not less than twenty-one years of age.

(2) He must produce a statutory declaration to the effect—

(a) that he is the sole owner of the yacht;

(b) that the yacht is sea-going;

(3) In all respects he must comply with the requirements of these Regulations relating to examinations of masters of foreign-going ships, except that he shall not be required to produce proofs of service at sea or of proficiency in “first aid”.

Examination in Navigation.

122. The examination in Navigation for a certificate as Master of a British yacht shall be the same as that prescribed by these Regulations for a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship, except that in the civil duties of a shipmaster the master of a yacht shall only be expected to possess a knowledge of what he is required by the Merchant Shipping Act to do.

Examination in Seamanship.

123. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Master of a British yacht must show a knowledge of—

(a) making and taking in sail, and the management of a yacht under canvas in moderate and in stormy weather;

(b) the Rule of the Road at sea as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(c) the signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals;

(d) marking and using the lead and log lines;

(e) mooring and unmooring a ship;

(f) keeping a clear anchor, and carrying out an anchor;

(g) keeping a vessel out of the trough of the sea in the event of accident;

(h) rigging rafts and jury rudders;

(i) the steps to take if a vessel is disabled or unmanageable and drifting towards a lee shore;

(j) the use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of his vessel being stranded;

Part VI.

Regs. 124-127.

(k) casting a ship on a lee shore;

(l) resources for the preservation of the crew in the event of wreck;

(m) the measures he should adopt for preventing and checking an outbreak of scurvy on board.

(2) The candidate must also give satisfactory answers to any other questions relating to the management of a yacht that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

Extra Master, Yacht

124. An Extra Certificate shall be issued to the owner of a yacht who either holds, or is qualified to be examined for, a British Yacht Master’s Certificate, subject to the following examination:—

(a) The examination in Navigation shall be the same as that prescribed by regulation 115 for an Extra Certificate as Master of a foreign-going ship; and

(b) the subjects of examination in Seamanship shall be the same as those prescribed by these Regulations for a candidate for a British Yacht Master’s Certificate, but the candidate for an Extra Certificate must show a more extensive practical knowledge than is required of a candidate for the Yacht Master’s Certificate.

Master, Australian Yachts.

Value of Certificate.

125. A certificate as Master of an Australian yacht shall entitle the holder to command, in Australian waters, any pleasure yacht of which he is at the time the owner or part-owner.

Qualification—

Master, Aus Yachts.

126. (1) A candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian seagoing yacht must be not less than eighteen years of age.

(2) In all other respects he must conform with the requirements of regulation 121 (2) (3) relating to the qualifications of a candidate for a certificate as Master of a British sea-going yacht.

Examination in Navigation.

127. In the examination in Navigation, a candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian yacht shall be required—

(a) to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, variation and deviation;

(b) to find by Time Azimuth tables the deviation of the compass, having the variation given;

(c) to find, on a chart or plan, the course or courses to steer and the distance from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position together with the set and drift (if any) on the chart from cross-bearing of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing;

(d) to find the time of high water at a given place by the aid of the Admiralty or local tide-tables;

(e) to have a working knowledge of the International Code of Signals, and know the semaphore and Morse alphabets.

Part VI.

Regs. 128-130.

Examination in Seamanship.

128. (1) In the examination in Seamanship, a candidate for a certificate as Master of an Australian yacht must show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, a knowledge of—

(a) making and taking in sail, and the management of a yacht under steam or sail in any weather or position;

(b) the Rule of the Road at sea as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;

(d) any special port signals in use locally;

(e) marking and using the lead and log lines;

(f) rigging and using a sea anchor.

(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the management of a yacht which the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.

division 3.—certificates for naval reserve purposes.

Certificates of Efficiency in Navigation and Seamanship for Members of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve.

129. (1) Officers belonging to the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve may be examined for either the Ordinary or Extra Certificate of Efficiency in Navigation and Seamanship.

(2) Candidates for commissions in the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve may also be examined for the Ordinary Certificate of Efficiency, but not for the Extra Certificate.

(3) The examinations shall be the same as those prescribed by these Regulations to be passed by owners of British sea-going pleasure yachts to obtain the Ordinary or Extra Certificates as Master of their own yachts.

(4) The Certificates of Efficiency are purely honorary and are not available for use, under the Navigation Act or the Merchant Shipping Act, in any capacity whatever on board a ship which is required to carry a certificated officer.

(5) The name of any officer or candidate for a commission who desires to be examined must be submitted to the Minister by the Commanding Officer of his Division, together with the name of the port at which he wishes the examination to be held.

(6) If the application is approved, the candidate must attend personally at a Mercantile Marine Office, to make application in Form M. & M.—B., and to pay the required fee.

Provisional Certificates.

130. (1) Provisional Certificates for foreign-going ships or for foreign-going steam-ships, according to the candidate’s qualification, are granted, on the conditions stated below, to any officer of the Mercantile Marine who requires such a certificate to qualify him for appointment to or promotion in the Naval Reserve.

(2) The certificates are issued for Naval Reserve purposes only, and do not authorize the holders to go to sea as First Mate or Master.

(3) Candidates for the certificates must make application in Form M. & M.—B. at a Mercantile Marine Office, and pay the prescribed fee.

(4) Before a candidate can be examined he must produce his First or Second Mate’s Certificate of Competency, and an authority from the Registrar-General of Seamen.

Part VI.

Regs. 131-134.

Qualifications—

First Mate, Provisional.

131. (1) Provisional Certificates as First Mate shall be granted to candidates who can prove that they have served five years at sea, and that during one year of that period they have served in a capacity not lower than Fourth Mate whilst holding a Second Mate’s foreign-going certificate Candidates must pass the usual examination for First Mate, foreign-going, Ordinary or Steam-ship, as the case may be, and pay the prescribed fee.

(2) The Provisional Certificate may be exchanged for the full corresponding certificate as First Mate, without further payment or examination, on production of satisfactory proof that the holder has served at sea not less than twelve months in a foreign-going vessel in a capacity not lower than Fourth Mate, and that during the whole of that period he has been in regular charge of a watch, and in possession of a full certificate as Second Mate, foreign-going.

Qualifications—

Master, Provisional.

132. (1) Provisional Certificates as Master shall be granted to candidates who can prove not less than six and a half years’ service at sea, and who pass the usual examination for Master, foreign-going, Ordinary or Steam-ships, as the case may be, and pay the prescribed fee.

(2) Two and a half years of the service required by the last preceding sub-regulation must have been served in a capacity not lower than Fourth Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship, during the last twelve months of which the candidate must have been in possession of a full certificate as First Mate, foreign-going.

(3) The Provisional Certificate may be exchanged for the full corresponding certificate as Master, without further payment or examination, on production of satisfactory proof that the holder has served at sea either—

(a) not less than two and a half years in a foreign-going vessel in charge of a watch, in a capacity not lower than Fourth Mate, and that during twelve months of this period he has served as Second Mate while in possession of a full certificate as First Mate, foreign-going; or

(b) not less than three and a half years in a foreign-going vessel in charge of a watch in a capacity not lower than Fourth Mate, and that during two years of this period he has served in a capacity not lower than Third Mate whilst in possession of a full certificate as First Mate, foreign-going.

division iv.—certificates for special subjects.

Compass Deviation.

Voluntary Examination in Compass Deviation.

133. (1) Any person holding a certificate of any grade, who wishes to pass a voluntary examination in Compass Deviation, may be examined upon making application in Form M. & M.—B., and paying to the Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office the fee prescribed in Schedule I.

(2) If the candidate passes the examination a note to that effect shall be entered upon his Certificate of Competency.

Signalling.

Voluntary Examination in Signalling.

134. (1) The examination in Signalling, as prescribed for candidates for a certificate as Extra Master, shall be open as a voluntary examination to all persons holding, or who have passed for, or who are candidates for, a Certificate of Competency of any grade (see Appendix D).

Part VI.

Regs. 135-140.

(2) If the candidate passes, the fact, with the date and place of passing, shall be recorded upon his Certificate of Competency.

(3) Candidates may be examined upon making application in Form M. & M.—B. and paying the fee prescribed in Schedule 1.

(4) No fee, however, shall be charged for this examination if it is taken at the same time as that at which a candidate is examined for any Certificate of Competency.

Steam.

Voluntary-Examination in Steam.

135. (1) Examinations shall be held for the purpose of giving masters and mates who are possessed of Certificates of Competency an opportunity of undergoing a voluntary examination as to their practical knowledge of the use and working of the steam engine.

(2) The examinations shall be conducted by the examiners of engineers.

Qualifications.

136. The examination shall be open to any person who holds a certificate of any grade. (Full particulars of the examination are given in Appendix E.)

Application for Examination in Steam.

137. (1) Candidates for examination in Steam must make application in Form E.—A. at a Mercantile Marine Office, pay the fee prescribed in Schedule I., and deposit their certificates and testimonials with the Superintendent, who will inform them when and where to attend to be examined.

(2) The usual testimonials for sobriety and good conduct for at least the last eighteen months preceding the date of application to be examined must be produced.

Indorsement of Certificate.

138. (1) If the candidate passes, the words “Certified to have passed in Steam”, with the date and place of examination, shall be entered on the certificate and its duplicate.

(2) The indorsement of a master’s or mate’s certificate for “steam” shall not be taken to mean that the holder is qualified to perform the duties of an engineer.

Examination in Steam Failure.

139. If the candidate fails to pass, he shall not be entitled to again present himself for examination in Steam until the expiration of three months from the date of failure.

division 5.—certificates of service.

Qualifications—

Certificates of Service.

140. (1.) A person who has attained the rank of lieutenant in the sea-going Naval Forces of the Commonwealth or of any other part of the British Dominions, or in His Majesty’s Indian Marine Service, shall be entitled to a Certificate of Service as Master of a foreign going steam-ship without examination.

Value of Certificate of Service.

(2) This certificate shall entitle the holder to go to sea as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship only.

Through whom applications to be made.

(3) Applications for Certificates of Service by officers on the active list must be made through their Commanding Officers, and applications from officers who have retired or who are on half-pay must be made to the Secretary to the Admiralty, London.

(4) The form of application (Exn. 18), as issued by the Board of Trade, may be obtained from the Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office at any principal port in a State.

Part VII.

Regs. 141-147.

Part VII.—Estimation of Sea Service.

Minimum Service.

141. The amount of sea service prescribed by these Regulations for each grade of certificate is the minimum that shall be accepted, and unless a candidate can show the full amount he shall not be allowed to sit for examination.

Sea Service, how reckoned.

142. (1) For the purposes of these Regulations* sea service shall be reckoned from the commencement of the voyage to its termination, as indicated by the dates on the certificates of discharge. See also regulation 10 (3).

(2) Sea service in either the foreign-going or limited coast-trade shall not be regarded as qualifying service unless it can be verified by reference to the articles of the ship on which it was performed.

Evidence as to Service in Foreign Vessels

143. The testimonials of service of officers and seamen serving in foreign-owned vessels must be confirmed either by the Consul of the country to which the ship in which the candidate served belonged, or by some other recognised official authority of that country, or by the testimony of some credible person on the spot having personal knowledge of the facts required to be established. Provided that the production of such proofs shall not of necessity be deemed sufficient; but each case shall be decided on its own merits. If the sufficiency of the proofs given appears to be at all doubtful, the case must be referred to the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates, who may, if he thinks necessary, refer it to the Director for decision.

Qualifying Service.

144. Subject to these Regulations, the qualifying service for all certificates as master or mate in the mercantile marine shall be service performed in ordinary trading vessels in capacities as apprentice, midshipman, cadet, deck-boy, ordinary seaman, able seaman, quarter-master, boatswain, deck officer or master.

Non-trading Service.

145. Subject to these Regulations, non-trading sea-service, or service in capacities other than those specified in the preceding regulation, shall not be accepted as qualifying service except with the approval of the Director.

Conversion of Service.

146. (1) Sea service in the limited coast-trade shall be regarded as equivalent to two-thirds only of time served in the foreign-going trade, but service in lower grades than First or Only Mate in the limited coast-trade shall not be recognised as officer’s service towards qualifying a candidate for examination for a foreign-going certificate.

(2) Sea service in the river and bay trade and service performed within smooth or partially smooth waters shall not be recognised as qualifying service for foreign-going or limited coast-trade certificates.

Doubtful service

147. Where any doubt exists as to the trade in which service has been performed, the candidate shall be required to produce a certificate from the master or owner giving particulars of the trade in which the vessel in which the candidate served was employed during the period in question.

* Note —For definition of “sea service,” see regulation 3.

Part VII.

Regs. 148-151.

Apprentices.

148. (1) The whole of the time served under indentures of apprenticeship (unless the same are cancelled through some fault of the candidate) shall be accepted as actual sea service to qualify for a Second Mate’s certificate, provided that the applicant has actually served at sea four-fifths of the time claimed as apprentice (i.e., that he has not spent more than one-fifth of the time in home ports), and provided also that his indentures are indorsed by the owner or master to whom he was bound, to the effect that he has performed his service faithfully during the time he remained apprentice.

(2) In cases where an apprentice may be qualified for examination before the expiration of his indentures, or where, for any other satisfactory reason, the indorsement on the indenture cannot be produced, a letter from the owner or master may be accepted in lieu thereof.

(3) If a candidate has not actually served at sea four-fifths of the time claimed as apprentice, as required by sub-regulation (1) of this regulation, he shall be required to show sufficient additional sea service, either as seaman or junior officer, to make up the deficiency.

Midshipmen and Cadets.

149. (1) Subject to the same conditions as those provided in the case of apprentices, the whole of the time served as midshipman or cadet under indentures shall be accepted as sea service.

(2) Where the service as midshipman or cadet was not under indentures, the whole of the time so served may be accepted provided that the service has been continuous, or that he is able to comply with the requirements as to serving or making up the four-fifths’ period at sea during the time claimed, and that at the termination of the period of service the candidate was on articles of agreement.

Service as Carpenter, Sailmaker, Cook, Steward, Wireless Operator, &c.

150. (1) If a candidate has served on Articles of Agreement, as carpenter, or sailmaker, or cook in small vessels where cooking is only part of his duty, two-thirds of such service may be counted as qualifying sea service, provided the candidate produces satisfactory proof that he has, during the whole time claimed, performed deck duties in addition to his own particular work, and that he has a good knowledge of seamanship.

(2) Service as cook (under other conditions than those mentioned in this regulation), or as steward or purser, shall not be accepted.

(3) If a candidate has been engaged on Articles of Agreement as seaman, or in any seaman rating, and has served both as a seaman and as a wireless operator, two-thirds of such service may be counted as qualifying sea service.

(4) If a candidate has been engaged on Articles of Agreement as a wireless operator, and has served as such, one-quarter of such service, up to a maximum of twelve months, may be counted as qualifying sea service.

Officers’ Service.

Requisite Certificate.

151. (1) Officer’s service, to be recognised as qualifying sea service for the purposes of examination, must be performed with the requisite certificate as specified in Appendix B or C. The certificate required to be held may be either an Ordinary Certificate, or a Certificate for fore-and-aft vessels, or a Certificate for steam-ships.

(2) In cases where an officer has been promoted during the voyage to a capacity for which he holds the certificate required for purposes of examination, credit will be given for the service in the higher grade for the period subsequent to his promotion.

Part VII.

Regs. 152-154.

(3) In cases where, in consequence of lack of examination facilities at sea or abroad, an officer or seaman so promoted has been unable to obtain the certificate required for examination purposes, the service performed in the grade to which he has been promoted may nevertheless be recognised, provided that it is in other respects satisfactory.

(4) In all cases where sea service in the higher grade is claimed, under the provisions of sub-regulations (2) and (3) of this regulation, the claim must be supported by proper extracts from the official logbook, giving particulars of the promotion, and also by certificate of discharge in evidence of such service.

Officer’s Service determined by actual position on board.

152. Where sea service as First or Second Mate, as the case may be, is required to qualify for examination, the candidate must have held the executive position, in the case of a First Mate, next, and in the case of a Second Mate next but one, to the Master.

(2) In every case where a candidate for a Master’s certificate claims sea service as Second Mate, he must make a declaration in Division H of Form M. & M.—B to the effect that during such service as Second Mate he had only one officer (other than the Master) over him, or, if such was not the case, that a Third and a Fourth Mate were also carried.

(3) If the sea service claimed is as auxiliary Second Mate the candidate must declare as to the number of officers serving in capacities junior to himself.

(4) A candidate claiming sea service as First Mate must make a declaration that he was the senior officer under the Master; alternatively, he must comply with the requirements of regulation 153.

Additional Mates.

153. (1) Service as additional or auxiliary First or Second Mates, in large foreign-going vessels, when, in both cases, Third and Fourth Mates were also carried, shall count as First Mate’s or Second Mate’s sea service, as the case may be, provided that the candidate was entered on the articles in one of these capacities, and that he produces the necessary certificate showing that he was in charge of a watch during the whole time claimed.

Officers in charge of a watch.

154. (1) Where sea service in charge of a watch in either the foreign-going or limited coast-trade is required by these Regulations, a candidate for a certificate as First Mate must prove that during eight months at least of his service he kept full regular watch for at least eight out of each twenty-four hours whilst the ship was under way between ports, or, if the time taken from port to port was under twenty four hours, for at least one-third of the time that the ship was under way.

(2) Where a candidate can prove eight months of such full service, extra service performed in cases where watches were doubled at any time during the voyage shall be accepted as equivalent to one-half the same period of full watch-keeping sea service.

(3) No amount of occasional service shall, by itself, be accepted as qualifying sea service.

(4) A candidate for a Certificate of Competency as Master shall be required to have served, during the whole of the sea service prescribed by these Regulations, in full charge of a watch, and no service performed under the system of double watches, except as the senior officer, shall be accepted as qualifying service for a certificate of that grade.

Part VII.

Regs. 155-159.

(5) Service as an officer in the limited coast-trade not in charge of a watch will not be accepted as officer’s qualifying service.

(6) Unless the candidate produces a clear and satisfactory testimonial specially setting forth the above facts, the Examiner shall not accept the service as satisfactory.

Officers’ Service in Navy or Indian Marine.

155. Service as a Commissioned Officer of the Sea-going Naval Forces of the Commonwealth or of any other part of the British Dominions or in the Royal Indian Marine, shall be accepted as qualifying service for certificates as follows:—

(a) For a Second Mate’s Certificate.—The officer must prove four years’ service at sea.

(b) For Only Mate.—The officer must prove five years’ service at sea.

(c) For First Mate or Master.—The officer must prove that he has attained the rank of lieutenant in the Navy or in the Royal Indian Marine.

Officers Service in Naval Reserve.

156. (1) Lieutenants, sub-lieutenants, and acting sub-lieutenants of the Naval Reserve of the Commonwealth or of any other part of the British Dominions who perform sea service on board His Majesty’s ships shall, if the statement of service is accompanied by a good report, be allowed to count such service as if it had been performed in foreign-going merchant ships, and the service shall rank according to the Certificate of Competency held by the candidate at the time.

(2) The time spent in Periodical Training in any such Naval Reserve on board sea-going vessels of the Naval Forces of the Commonwealth or of any other part of the British Dominions, shall, if the statement of service is accompanied by a good report, be accepted in full, but in the case of midshipmen, shall not count as officers’ service.

(3) In the case of service in harbor ships of any such Naval Forces, only one-half of the time shall be accepted as sea service, and no such service must amount to more than one-fourth of the time required for the particular grade of certificate applied for.

Auxiliary Screw Ships.

157. Service in ships with auxiliary steam or motor power, which use their propelling machinery only in calms or during light winds, shall be considered as sea service performed in sailing vessels.

Excursion Steamers.

158. In the case of excursion steamers, only such service as can be proved to have been performed at sea shall be accepted as sea service.

Fishing or Pilot Vessels.

159. Service performed exclusively in trawlers and other deep-sea fishing vessels, or in pilot vessels, shall not, in itself, be sufficient to qualify a candidate for examination. He must, in addition, prove the following service:—

(a) For a foreign-going certificate, service for at least eighteen months in an ordinary trading vessel, in the foreign-going trade, or the equivalent period, twenty-seven months, in the limited coast-trade.

(b) For a limited coast-trade certificate, service for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign-going or limited coast-trade.

Part VII.

Regs. 160-161.

Service in yachts.

160. Service in pleasure yachts shall be accepted as qualifying sea service under the following conditions:—

(a) It must in all cases be verified by satisfactory proofs, which must set forth clearly and in detail the nature and duration of the service claimed. Only actual sea service shall be accepted, and service in harbor or port is inadmissible.

(b) Service in foreign-going yachts shall be accepted in full, and service performed within limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of not less than 50 tons net register, or in steam yachts of not less than 80 tons gross register, shall be accepted in the proportion prescribed in regulation 146 (1); but candidates must also show—

(i) For a foreign-going certificate, service for at least eighteen months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign-going trade, or service for the equivalent period, twenty-seven months, in an ordinary trading vessel in the home or limited coast-trade.

(ii) For a limited coast-trade certificate, service for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign-going, home, or limited coast-trade.

(c) Service within limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of 40 tons gross register, shall be accepted towards qualifying a candidate for a foreign-going certificate as equivalent to one-half the same time served in the foreign-going trade; but no amount of such service shall count as more than two years’ service in the foreign-going trade, and no such service shall count as officers’ service to qualify candidates for foreign-going certificates.

(d) Service within limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of not less than 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of not less than 40 tons gross register, will be accepted in full as qualifying sea service for limited coast-trade certificates, but candidates must prove that they have served, in addition, for at least twelve months in an ordinary trading vessel in the foreign-going, home, or limited coast-trade.

(e) Service within limited coast-trade limits in sailing yachts of less than 20 tons net register, or in steam yachts of less than 40 tons gross register, will not be accepted as qualifying sea service for any class of certificate.

Tugs, War Department vessels, &c.

161. (1) Service in tugs employed outside river and bay limits may be accepted as sea service for the purpose of qualifying a candidate for a certificate as Master, or Mate (Sub-grade B), of limited coast-trade ships only.

(2) Service performed in War Department or Naval Ordnance vessels employed outside partially smooth water limits may be accepted as sea service to qualify a candidate for a Mate’s or Master’s certificate for limited coast-trade ships.

Part VII.

Regs. 162-166.

(3) The service mentioned in the last preceding sub-regulation shall not be accepted towards qualifying a candidate for a foreign-going certificate, unless performed under some very exceptional circumstances, when the case, together with all the candidate’s papers, must be submitted to the Principal Examiner for consideration.

Service in dredgers

162. (1) Service in steam-hopper barges may, subject to the provisions of regulation 146 (2), be allowed to count towards qualifying sea service for a candidate for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade B, of a limited coast-trade ship, provided the candidate can prove, in addition, at least two years’ service in an ordinary trading vessel in either the foreign-going or limited coast-trade.

(2) Service in steam-hopper barges shall not be accepted as officer’s service towards qualifying a candidate for a Master’s certificate.

Lighthouse tenders.

163. (1) Service performed in the sea-going steam vessels of Trinity House, or of the Commissioners of Northern Lighthouses, or of the Commissioners of Irish Lights, or in Irish or Scotch fishery cruisers, or similar service in any Commonwealth or State Lighthouse Service within limited coast-trade limits, shall be accepted as sea service for the purpose of qualifying a candidate for examination for a limited coast-trade certificate; but for a foreign-going certificate a candidate must prove, in addition, at least twelve months’ service in an ordinary foreign-going trading vessel, or eighteen months’ service as Mate of an ordinary trading limited coast-trade ship.

(2) In order to qualify a candidate for an Ordinary Certificate, the sea service required by the last preceding sub-regulation to have been performed in ordinary trading vessels must have been performed in square-rigged sailing vessels.

Service on training-ships.

164. (1) Time, with a maximum of two years, served on board a training-ship shall be counted as equivalent to one-half the same time spent in service at sea, provided that the candidate can produce a certificate from the Committee or Captain Superintendent that he has conducted himself creditably and passed a good examination in seamanship so far as it is practised on the training-ship, as well as in other matters, down to the time of his leaving the ship.

(2) Training-ship service shall not be regarded as equivalent to service in square-rigged vessels.

Service in lightships and engine-rooms.

165. Service in lightships or other vessels without motive power, or in an engine-room, shall not be accepted as sea service.

Schools for Nautical Training.

166. (1) Time spent at a School for Nautical Training conducted on premises ashore may be accepted as equivalent to time served at sea (see sub-regulation (2) of this regulation), provided that:—

(a) After an inspection by the Principal Examiner, the Director is satisfied that the school in question gives a training that justifies time spent there being reckoned as part of the necessary qualifying time for a Certificate of Competency.

(b) The candidate produces a satisfactory certificate as regards conduct and proficiency from the authorities of the school on leaving it.

Part VII.

Reg. 187.

(2) The proportion in which time spent at an approved school conducted on premises ashore may be accepted as qualifying sea service shall be decided by the Director, but in no case shall such time be counted as equivalent to more than one-half of the same time actually served at sea, or as amounting in all to more than one year’s sea service.

Special recognition of service in a company’s training-ship.

167. (1) Where a candidate has served as an apprentice for four years in a sea-going cargo-carrying square-rigged foreign-going sailing vessel used by a shipping company as a training ship, and in which the apprentices receive a course of study and practical training approved by the Director, he shall be qualified for examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate.

Provided—(a) that he can produce a testimonial to the effect that both his conduct and his ability have given satisfaction during the whole period; and (b) that he has served at sea for not less than four-fifths of the time.

(2) If the apprentice has served previously for two years in either the Conway or the Worcester training ship, that time shall be allowed to count as one year’s qualifying sea service, and he will be required to serve for three years only in the company’s training ship before being permitted to sit for examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate.

(3) A candidate who has served for four (or three) years on the training ship may be allowed up for examination for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate when he has served, whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate, for two years as junior bridge-keeping officer of the watch upon vessels of the company satisfying the requirements of sub-regulation (7) hereof.

(4) “Junior bridge-keeping officer” means, for the purposes of the preceding sub-regulation, the junior of two bridge-keeping officers. Where three officers are on the bridge together, the service of the third will not fall within the scope of this regulation, and his service cannot be accepted as qualifying. All cases where apprentices to whom these special regulations apply subsequently present themselves for examination for First Mate or Master must be referred to the Director, so that their real position on board vessels of the company satisfying the requirements of this regulation may be verified by reference to the official logs before they are accepted as eligible for examination.

(5) A candidate who has obtained a certificate as First Mate in the above way may be allowed up for examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Master when he has served for eighteen months whilst holding a certificate as First Mate, as a senior watch-keeping officer upon vessels of the company satisfying the same requirements.

(6) If the candidate has, whilst holding a certificate as First Mate, served for eighteen months as senior of the junior officers, i.e., the officer next in rank below the junior of the officers who have full charge of a watch, he may be allowed up for examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Master on the understanding that the certificate as Master will not be issued to him until he had completed twelve months’ service as a senior watch-keeping officer, the service in both cases to be performed on vessels satisfying the requirements of the next following sub-regulation.

Parts VII. & VIII.

Regs. 168-169.

(7) The provisions of this regulation in regard to the acceptance of service as qualifying for the examinations for certificates as First Mate and Master shall apply only when the service is performed in the specified capacities upon sea-going steamers of not less than 8,000 tons gross, making an average speed of 15 knots or upwards, and carrying a crew of not less than 130 men, including at least five deck officers beside the master.

Part VIII.—Conduct of Examination.

Examinations.

Time-table.

163. (1) Examinations shall begin at 10 a.m. on each day. The vivâ voce and practical parts of the examination shall be taken at such times as may be convenient. The luncheon interval of one hour shall be given at a convenient time between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m.

(2) The time allotted for each written part of the examination for each grade and sub-grade of certificate shall be as follows:—

(a) Foreign-going Trade—

Second Mate.—Navigation and nautical astronomy, 3 hours; nautical astronomy and trigonometry, 2 hours; chart work, 3 hours; essay, 1 hour.

First Mate.—Paper on nagivation and nautical astronomy, 3 hours; nautical astronomy and trigonometry, 2 hours; chart work, 3 hours; Sumner problem, 2 hours; meteorology, 1½ hours.

Master.—Paper on navigation and nautical astronomy, 3 hours; nautical astronomy and trigonometry, 2 hours; chart work, 3 hours; meteorology paper, 1½ hours; compass deviation, 1½ hours; naval architecture, 1½ hours; essay, 2 hours.

Extra Master—Paper on navigation and nautical astronomy, 3 hours; nautical astronomy and trigonometry, 2 hours; chart construction, 3 hours; chart work, 2 hours; naval architecture and stability, 3 hours; magnetism, 3 hours; general knowledge, 2 hours; essay on meteorology or other subject as may be selected, 2 hours.

(b) Limited Coast-Trade—

Mate, Sub-grade C.—Arithmetic, 2 hours.

Master, Sub-grade D.—Arithmetic, 2 hours; chart and tides, 2 hours.

Second Mate, Sub-grade A, Mate, Sub-grade B, and Master, Sub-grade C.—Arithmetic, 2 hours; chart and tides, 3 hours.

First Mate, Sub-grade A, and Master, Sub-grade B.—Navigation and nautical astronomy, 4 hours; chart, 3 hours.

Master, Sub-grade A.—Navigation and nautical astronomy, 5 hours; deviation questions, 2 hours; chart, 3 hours.

Mate.—Arithmetic, 2 hours.

Master.—Arithmetic, 2 hours; chart and tides, 2 hours.

Candidates to be punctual.

169. Candidates must attend at the examination room punctually at the time appointed.

Part VIII.

Regs. 170-179.

Loose paper and books removed.

170. Before commencing the examination, the tables or desks must be cleared of all scraps of paper or books that are not used in the examination.

No strangers admitted.

171. No person shall be allowed in the room during the examination other than those whose duties require them to be present. No instructors shall be allowed on the premises.

Books and paper forbidden.

172. (1) Candidates are prohibited from bringing into the examination room books or papers of any kind whatever.

(2) Infringement of this regulation shall subject the offender to all the penalties of a failure, and he shall not be allowed to present himself for re-examination for a period of three months.

All work to be shown.

173. (1) No candidate shall be allowed to work out his problems on waste paper, or to write on the blotting paper supplied for his use in the examination.

(2) Any contravention of the last preceding sub-regulation shall subject the candidate to all the penalties of a failure.

(3) A sheet of blotting paper will be issued to each candidate with the first examination paper, and it must be returned to the Examiner when the last paper is completed each day.

Provision of instruments.

174. All instruments necessary for use in the examination will be supplied by the Navigation Service.

Leaving room or building.

175. (1) No candidate may leave the examination room without permission and without giving up the paper on which he is engaged.

(2) Under no circumstances shall a candidate be allowed to leave the building while the examination is proceeding.

(3) Any contravention of this regulation shall subject the candidate to all the penalties of a failure.

Penalty for copying.

176. (1) In the event of any candidate being discovered referring to any book or paper, or copying from another, or affording any assistance or giving any information to another, or communicating in any way with another, during the time of examination, or copying any part of the problems for the purpose of taking them out of the examination rooms, he shall subject himself to all the penalties of a failure, and shall not be allowed to be examined for a period of six months.

(2) A candidate guilty of a second offence shall not be permitted, to be again examined until twelve months have elapsed.

Injury to books.

177. If a candidate defaces, blots, writes in, or otherwise wilfully injures any book or form belonging to the Navigation Service, his papers may be retained until he has replaced the damaged book or document. He shall not be allowed to remove the damaged book or document, and may be subjected to all the penalties of a failure.

Silence.

178. Perfect silence must be preserved in the examination room.

Penalty for breach of rules.

179. Any candidate contravening any of the regulations in this Part, or being guilty of insolence to the Examiner, or of disorderly or improper conduct in or about the room, shall be liable to the postponement of his examination, or, if he has passed, to the detention of his certificate for such period as the Minister directs.

Part VIII.

Regs. 180-184.

Examination papers—how to be dealt with.

180. (1) The envelopes containing the examination papers, when received from the Principal Examiner, must on no account be opened by any other officer than the Examiner, and by him only at the commencement of the examination.

(2) Should the envelope containing the examination papers appear on its arrival to have been opened or in any way tampered with, the Examiner may, if he thinks it necessary, defer the examination until the following or some later day, and telegraph immediately to the Principal Examiner in Melbourne for a fresh set of papers.

(3) In the event of any case of this kind occurring, a full report of the circumstances, and of the steps taken in the matter, must be immediately forwarded to the Principal Examiner.

(4) After the envelopes have been opened, and until the examination papers are again sealed up and despatched to the Principal Examiner, the Examiner shall take special precautions to preclude the possibility of any person having access to them.

(5) The examination papers of candidates, together with the report of the examination in accordance with Forms M. & M.—FF., and M. & M.—U., V., or W., must in all cases be sent to the Principal Examiner for his approval.

(6) The envelopes in which the examination papers are returned to the Principal Examiner must be carefully sealed by the Examiner with the official seal, at both the top and the bottom.

Examination in navigation.

181. (1) The whole of the written portion of the examination in navigation shall be taken on the marks system, and marks shall be allotted for each question answered. (See also regulations 13 and 15.)

(2) The candidate will be furnished with sheets of the ruled paper, in accordance with Form M. & M.—MM., officially supplied for the purpose, with instructions that he is to work or write only on one side of the paper, and to answer in a clear and legible hand each of the questions on the paper, and to commence each answer by writing down, in the margin, the number of the question to which it relates.

(3) Papers must not, in any case, be handed back to candidates for correction.

Compass deviation.

182. In answering questions on the tentative method of compass adjustment, the candidate shall be tested by Beall’s Compass Deviascope.

Barometer, tides, &c.

183. The examination on the barometer, thermometer, and hydrometer, prevailing winds and currents of the globe, trade routes, and tides, may be conducted orally, and the questions asked by the Examiner, which will be constantly varied, shall be confined to, and based on, the information given in the text-books mentioned in Appendix J. Candidates will be required to have a fair and intelligent knowledge of the contents of those books.

Sextant.

184. Particular attention must be paid to the sextant, the examination on which shall be conducted orally and practically. A candidate shall be required to measure both vertical and horizontal angles, and shall be examined practically as to his knowledge of the adjustments and the use of the various screws; he must be able to read correctly on and off the arc, and he must also be able to find the index error both by the horizon and by the sun.

Part VIII.

Regs. 185-188

Corrections by tables.

185. The corrections by inspection of tables given in works on navigation shall not be allowed to candidates for foreign-going certificates. In examinations for these certificates every correction must be shown on the papers of the candidates.

Degree of precision required.

186. Degree of precision required in the solution of the problems:—

(a) Candidates are expected to work their problems to the nearest half-minute of arc and to the nearest second in time.

(b) In interpolating for the correct deviation to be applied in solving the chart questions, it will usually be sufficient if the candidate works throughout with the nearest degree of deviation taken from the deviation card; and, even in cases where the deviations may vary but little, the nearest half-degree used throughout shall be accepted as sufficiently precise. It is not necessary that the candidate should attempt to solve the course to odd minutes.

(c) In calculating the correction to apply to soundings, it will be sufficient if he brings his answer within half a foot or so of a precise result. It is not required to work to the inch.

(d) When using the Abridged Almanac in problems where Apparent Time only is given, it will not be counted as an error in principle to assume the Equation of Time at Apparent Noon on to be equal to that given for Mean Noon; hence the first approximate Mean Time so deduced for the correction of the elements will be accepted as sufficiently precise.

(e) Candidates for certificates as Master, Sub-grade B, or First Mate, Sub-grade A, may, if they choose, solve the Day’s Work and Amplitude by inspection throughout, but candidates for a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, must use logarithms when converting departure to difference of longitude and in finding the True Amplitude.

Figure drawing.

187. (1) All sailing and astronomical problems must be accompanied by a figure with a legend describing the lines and circles projected.

(2) The construction of figures for the problems mentioned, and for the compass problems, must be shown as follows:—

A circle should be drawn projected on the plane of the horizon—unless the problem can be shown better otherwise—and a correct figure drawn in it The magnitude of the sides and angles may be estimated approximately by the eye, but the figure must be consistent with the data, and credit will be given for figures showing a knowledge of the principles of stereographic or other projection.

Extra master.

188. (1) Candidates for an Extra Master’s certificate must attend to the following instructions:—

(a) The sides and angles used in solving the problem must be marked by distinguishing letters in the figure, and the candidate must over each fresh computation write down clearly what is given and what he is required to find, together with the formula which he proposes to use; and

Part VIII.

Regs. 189-191.

(b) opposite each quantity in the computation he must put the letters denoting the part of the triangle which it represents, writing “comp” before the letters when the quantity is the complement of that part of the triangle.

(2) Candidates will not be required to enter into the mathematical investigation of the rules and formula used in the solution of the problems involving oblique-angled spherical triangles, but credit will be given to any candidate showing such knowledge When, however, a problem or part of a problem is solved by right-angled spherical trigonometry, the simple process of deducing the formula from the figure by Napier’s rules for circular parts or other method must be shown.

(3) Where a problem is solved by right-angled plane trigonometry, the simple process of deducing the formula from the figure for each of the computations in it must be shown.

(4) The rule for finding the latitude by meridian altitude must be proved by the figure.

(5) Protractors must not be used in the chart-construction problem, either for setting off variation or laying off positions. All sketches and drawings required in the paper on naval architecture must be neatly done on paper supplied by the Examiner.

Candidates may use own method.

189. Candidates will be allowed to work out the various problems according to the method and the tables they have been accustomed to use, but the principles must be sound.

Supplementary vivâ voce.

190. Candidates shall be examined orally as to their knowledge of all their written and worked papers.

No candidate to be examined twice in a week.

191. A candidate shall not be permitted to undergo examination twice in the same week, unless, under very special and urgent circumstances, the Examiner should see fit to relax this rule In that case a special set of problems must be applied for from the Principal Examiner.

SCHEDULE I.

——

Reg. 7.

FEES FOR FOREIGN-GOING CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.	Certificate Held.	Examination Fee.
		£.	s.	d
Second Mate..............	.............................	2	0	0
First Mate................	One inferior to First Mate, Foreign going	2	0	0
Master..................	First or Only Mate, Foreign-going, or Master, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.	3	0	0
Master..................	Second Mate Foreign-going and Master, Sub-grade B or C	3	10	0
Extra Master..............	Master, Foreign-going .............	2	0	0
Extra Master..............	Any Qualifying Certificate other than above	5	0	0
Certificate for a particular rig or class of vessel	Same grade of Certificate for a different rig or class of vessel	Half usual fee

Schedule I—continued.

FEES FOR LIMITED COAST-TRADE CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.	Certificate Held.	Examination Fee.
		£	s.	d.
Mate, Sub-grade C...........	............................	1	15	0
Master, Sub-grade D.........	............................	1	10	0
Master, Sub-grade C......... Mate, Sub-grade B........... 2nd Mate, Sub-grade A........	............................	1	15	0
Master, Sub-grade B......... B Mate, Sub-grade A.........	............................	2	0	0
Master, Sub-grade A.........	.............................	3	0	0
Certificate for a particular rig or class of vessel	Same grade of Certificate for a different rig or class of vessel	Half usual fee
Certificate for a particular Limited Coast-Trade	Same grade of Certificate for a different Limited Coast-Trade	Half usual fee

FEES FOR RIVER AND BAY CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.	Certificate Held.	Examination Fee.
		£	s.	d
Mate, Sub-grade A........... Mate, Sub-grade C...........	............................	1	0	0
Master, Sub-grade B......... Master, Sub-grade C.........	............................	1	5	0
Master, Sub-grade A.........	.............................	1	10	0

FEES FOR OTHER CERTIFICATES.

Certificate Desired.	Examination Fee.
Certificate Desired.	£	s.	d.
Voluntary Signalling, taken at usual examination....................	No extra fee
Voluntary Signalling at Special Examination.......................	1	5	0
Voluntary Examination in Steam...............................	1	10	0
Voluntary Examination in Compass Deviation......................	2	0	0
Master, Yachts..........................................	3	0	0
Extra Master, Yachts......................................	5	0	0
Efficiency Certificates—R.N.V.R. (Ordinary)......................	3	0	0
Efficiency Certificates—R.N.V.R. (Extra)........................	5	0	0
Sight Test..............................................	0	2	6

SCHEDULE II.

Reg. 29.

(1) Any Certificate as Master, Mate, or Second Mate, issued under a State Act, and appearing in the following table, shall, for the purpose of exchange under section 24 (3) of this Act, be deemed to be a corresponding or similar grade to the Certificate as Master, Mate, or Second Mate, respectively, issued under the Navigation Act 1912-1920 appearing in the same vertical column of the table.

(2) The holder of any such State Certificate may surrender it for such corresponding Certificate issued under this Act.

(3) A Certificate so granted in lieu of a State Certificate issued for a particular trade or class of vessel, shall be valid only for the Limited Coast or River and Bay Trade corresponding to that for which the original Certificate was issued, and for the same class of vessel.

TABLE OF EQUIVALENT CERTIFICATES, COMMONWEALTH AND STATE.

Limited Coast-trade.					River and Bay.
Commonwealth Certificates	Master, Sub-grade A;	Master, Sub-grade B; 1st Mate, Sub-grade A;	Master, Sub-grade C; Mate, Sub-grade B; 2nd Mate, Sub-grade A;	Master, Sub-grade D; Mate, Sub-grade C;	Commonwealth Certificates	Master, Sub-grade A;	Master, Sub-grade B; Mate, Sub-grade A
Victorian Certificates	Master, Home Trade	Mate, Home Trade	Master, Fore and aft	..	Victorian Certificates	Master, River and Bay (over 100 tons)	Master, River and Bay (under 100 tons) Mate, River and Bay
New South Wales Certificates	Master, Coast Trade	Mate, Coast. Trade	2nd Mate, Coast Trade	..	New South Wales Certificates	..	Master, Harbor and River
Queensland Certificates	Master, Home Trade	Mate, Home Trade	..	Master, Limited Home Trade	..	..	..
South Australian Certificates	Master, Home Trade	Mate, Home Trade	..	Master, 50 tons	..	..	..
West Australian Certificates	Master, Home Trade	Mate, Home Trade	..	..	West Australian Certificates	..	Master, Harbor and River
Tasmanian Certificates	Master, Home Trade	Mate, Home Trade	Master (150 tons) Master (50 tons) Mate (150 tons)	Master, Limited Coast-Trade	Tasmanian Certificates	..	Master, River and Harbor

SCHEDULE III.

Reg. 3.

RELATIVE VALUE OF CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY OF MASTERS AND MATES.

(1) Any certificate mentioned in Column 1 of the following table shall be deemed to be of a higher grade than any certificate, the distinguishing number of which is specified opposite thereto in Column 2.

(2) The holder of any certificate mentioned in Column 1 may engage and serve in the capacity stated in any certificate, the distinguishing number of which is set opposite thereto in Column 2:

Provided that, subject to regulation 88, in the case of Limited Coast-trade and River and Bay Certificates a holder shall not be entitled to serve as Master or Mate outside the geographical limits specified in his certificate.

Column 1. (Distinguishing Number and Title of Certificate).	Column 2. (Distinguishing Numbers of Certificates of Lower Grade).
Foreign-going Certificates.
(1) Extra Master....................	2 to 43 (inclusive)
(2) Master Ordinary............	3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 to 43 inclusive
(3) 1st Mate „..............	4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(4) Only Mate „..............	5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(5) 2nd Mate „..............	9, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(6) Master Fore-and-aft........	7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 20 to 43 inclusive
(7) 1st Mate „..............	8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(8) Only Mate „..............	9, 13, 14, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(9) 2nd Mate „..............	14, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(10) Extra Master (Steamships)	11, 12, 13, 14, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
(11) Master „..............	12, 13, 14, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
(12) 1st Mate „..............	13, 14, 30, 32, 33, 35, 41, 43
(13) Only Mate „..............	14, 30, 32, 33, 35, 41, 43
(14) 2nd Mate „..............	30, 32, 33, 35, 41, 43
Limited Coast-trade Certificates.
Master Sub-Grade A Ordinary......	16 to 43 inclusive
(16) Master „ B „.......	17. 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29 to 43 inclusive
(17) 1st Mate „ A „.......	18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(18) Mate „ B „.......	19, 24, 25, 27, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(19) 2nd Mate „ A „.......	25, 27, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(20) Master ,, A Fore-and-aft	21 to 43 inclusive
(21) Master „ B „	22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 29 to 43 inclusive
(22) 1st Mate „ A „	24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(23) Master „ C „	24, 25, 26, 27 and 31 to 43 inclusive
(24) Mate „ B „	25, 27, 32, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(25) 2nd Mate „ A „	27, 33, 35, 38, 41, 43
(26) Master „ D „	27, 34, 35 and 36 to 43 inclusive
(27) Mate „ C „	35, 38, 41, 43
(28) Master „ A Steamships	29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
(29) Master „ B „	30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
(30) 1st Mate „ A „	32, 33, 35, 41, 43
(31) Master „ C „	32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
(32) Mate „ B „	33, 35, 41, 43
(33) 2nd Mate „ A „	35, 41, 43
(34) Master „ D „	35, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
(35) Mate „ C „	41, 43

Schedule III.—continued.

Column 1. (Distinguishing Number and Title of Certificate).	Column 2. (Distinguishing Numbers of Certificates of Lower Grade).
River and Bay Certificates.
(36) Master Sub-Grade A Fore-and-aft	37 to 43 inclusive
(37) Master „ B „	38, 40, 41, 42, 43
(38) Mate „ A „	41, 43
(39) Master „ A Steamships	40, 41, 42, 43
(40) Master „ B „	41, 42, 43
(41) Mate „ A „	43
(42) Master „ C „	43
(43) Mate „ C „

Regns. 26 and 33.

SCHEDULE IV.

——

THE SIGHT TESTS.

These tests must be conducted under the strict personal supervision of the Examiner. A careful record must be kept of all mistakes made by the candidate both in the form vision test and in the colour vision test.

Each examiner must keep a record of all candidates passed by him for reference when required.

I.—Form Vision Test.

1. Form Vision Test to be passed first.—-The first test which the candidate is required to undergo, is the test for form vision, and until he has passed this test he must not be allowed to proceed further with the examination.

2. Apparatus used.—The form vision test to be used for all candidates is that conducted on Snellen’s principle by means of sheets of letters.

3. Object of the Test.—The object of the form vision test is to determine whether the candidate can reach a sufficient standard of visual acuteness, or, in other words, to find out whether his eyesight is good or bad.

4. Standard of vision required.—Every candidate for a first certificate of competency will be required to possess normal vision. With the exceptions indicated below (see paragraph 8), every candidate for a second or higher certificate will be required to possess normal vision.

“Normal vision” is defined, for the purpose of these Regulations, as ability to read correctly nine of the twelve letters in the sixth line and eight of the fifteen letters in the seventh line of a test sheet placed in a good light at a distance of sixteen feet from the eye.

The candidate will have the option of using either eye separately or both eyes together.

5. Spectacles not allowed.—During the examination for form vision candidates must not be allowed to use spectacles or glasses of any kind, or any other artificial aid to vision.

6. Method of Testing.—The test sheets should be hung on the wall, in a good light, but not in direct sunlight, at a height of 5 or 6 feet from the ground The candidate should be placed at a distance of exactly 16 feet from the sheets, and exactly opposite them. This distance should be carefully measured, and should never in any circumstances be varied.

One of the sheets should then be exposed, and the candidate should be asked to read the letters on each sheet, beginning at the top and going downwards. Any mistakes which he makes should be carefully noted. If then it is found that he has read correctly at least nine letters in the sixth line and eight letters in the seventh line of a sheet, the candidate may be considered to have normal vision, and should be marked “Passed” in the appropriate column of the form, M. &. M.—B or M. &. M.—C, as the case may be.

Schedule IV.—continued.

7. Passing or Failure.—If at the conclusion of the test the candidate is found to reach the required standard, he may be considered to have passed, and the examiner should proceed to test him for colour vision. If the candidate fails to reach the standard required for the certificate entered for, he should be tested with at least four sheets, and the examiner should fill in a form M. &. M.—CC, and should forward it, with any remarks he may wish to make, to the Principal Examiner for his instructions as to whether the candidate is to be regarded as passing or as failing in form vision.

8. Lower Standard required in certain cases.—Candidates who are in possession of certificates obtained before 1st January, 1914, may be regarded as passing in form vision if they can read correctly with both eyes at least five of the eight letters, in the fifth line of a test sheet.

9. Tests to be varied.—The examiner should take care, by varying the order of the test sheets and by every other means in his power, to guard against the possibility of any deception on the part of the candidate.

10. Result of Examination to be Reported.—The result of every examination in form vision should be reported, in the case of a candidate for a certificate of competency, to the Director on Form M. &. M.—B, and to the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates on Form M. &. M.—FF, and, in the case of a candidate for the sight tests only, to the Director on Form M. &. M.—G.

2.—Colour Vision Tests.

11. Apparatus.—A special lantern and mirror have been provided for this test. The lantern should be placed directly in front of the mirror, so that the front part of the lantern is exactly 10 feet from the mirror. Care should be taken that the lantern is properly placed, that is to say, the lights reflected in the mirror must show clearly when viewed through the rectangular aperture on the left of the lantern. The Examiner should always satisfy himself that these conditions are fulfilled before commencing the examination.

12. Darkness Adaptation.—It is essential that a candidate should he kept in a room which is either completely or partially darkened for at least a quarter of an hour before he is required to undergo this test.

Before the examination commences the Examiner must satisfy himself that the room in which it is conducted is so darkened as to exclude all daylight.

Method of testing.

13. The lantern supplied for the examination is so constructed as to allow one large or two small lights to be visible, and is fitted with twelve glasses of three colours—red, white, and green. At the commencement of the examination the Examiner should show to the candidate a series of lights through the large aperture, and should require him to name the colours as they appear to him. Care should be taken in showing the white light to emphasize the fact that the light is not a pure white. If a candidate makes a mistake of calling this light “red,” a proper red light should be shown immediately after and the candidate’s attention directed to the difference between the two.

After a series of lights through the large aperture has been shown, the Examiner should make a complete circuit with the two small apertures, requiring the candidate to name the colours of each set of two lights from left to right. To prevent any possibility of the order in which the lights are arranged from being learnt, the Examiner should at least twice in each circuit go back a varying number of colours.

A record of any mistakes made with either the large aperture or the two smaller apertures should be kept on Form M. &. M.—GG, in accordance with the instructions thereon.

Success or failure.

14. If a candidate with either the large aperture or the two smaller apertures of the lantern mistakes red for green or green for red, he should be considered to have “failed” in colour vision.

If the only mistake made by the candidate with the lantern is to call the white light “red,” and if after his attention has been specially directed to the difference between the two he makes no farther mistake of this nature, he should be considered to have passed in colour vision.

If a candidate makes any other mistake with the lantern, i.e., if he calls white “red” repeatedly or red “white” at all or confuses green and white, his case should be reported to the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates, Central Office, and he should be told that the decision as to whether he is passed or failed or a further

Schedule IV.—continued

examination is necessary will be communicated to him in due course. Pending the receipt of the Principal Examiner’s instructions, such a candidate should only be allowed to proceed with the remainder of the examination for a Certificate of Competency on the express understanding that the latter examination will be cancelled in the event of failure in the sight tests.

Further examination and appeals.

15. If in the cases covered by the preceding paragraph the Principal Examiner decides that a further examination is necessary, arrangements will be made for a special examination to be held in Melbourne or Sydney. The second-class travelling expenses necessarily incurred by a candidate in attending such an examination will be paid by the Department, together with a subsistence allowance at a rate which will be notified to the candidate, but which will not in any circumstances exceed Ten shillings for each day necessarily occupied in attending the examination. In these cases the above expenses will be paid whatever may be the result of the final examination.

If, however, on the report of the local Examiner the Principal Examiner decides that the nature of the mistakes made shows conclusively that a candidate is so colour blind as to be unfit to hold a certificate, the candidate shall be considered to have failed.

In cases where, upon the report of a local Examiner, a candidate is failed by the Principal Examiner, as well as in the cases covered by paragraph 14, the Minister will be prepared to allow a candidate who is dissatisfied with this decision to appeal for a special examination in Melbourne, but the Department will not pay the travelling expenses of any such candidate unless he is reported by the special examiners conducting the appeal examination to have passed.

3.—REPORTS.

16. The result of every test in form or colour vision should be reported to the Director of Navigation on the Form M. &. M.—B, and to the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates on the Form M. &. M.—FF, when the candidate is up for examination for a Certificate of Competency; and to the Director of Navigation on the Form M. &. M.—C, when the candidate is up for examination in vision only.

All cases of failure should also be reported to the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates on Form M. &. M.—CC, containing the record of any mistakes made with the lantern.

Every report relating to such an examination must be signed by the Examiner who conducted the examination.

————

APPENDIX A.

——

Reg. 5.

PLACES AND TIMES OF EXAMINATION.

Place.	Highest Grade Issued.	Day.
Melbourne...	All grades.................	Every Monday
Sydney.....	All grades.................	Every Monday
Brisbane....	All grades.................	1st, 3rd and 5th Monday in each month
Adelaide....	All grades.................	1st, 3rd and 5th Monday in each month
Hobart......	Master, Foreign-going........	2nd and 4th Monday in each month
Fremantle....	Master, Sub-grade A, L.C.T.	2nd Monday in each month
Any of above ports	Sight Test.................	Every Saturday

The days of examination in above table are liable to alteration without notice, and candidates are advised to ascertain the actual date of examination when making application for examination at the Mercantile Marine Office.

APPENDIX B.

——

Regs. 34–44.

TABLE SHOWING THE REQUIREMENTS AS TO SEA SERVICE NECESSARY TO QUALIFY FOR EXAMINATION FOR FOREIGN-GOING CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY.

note.

Service in square-rigged sailing vessels.

A candidate for an Ordinary Certificate of any grade who has not previously held an ordinary certificate of a lower grade, must prove that he has served twelve months in the foreign trade or eighteen months in the home or limited coast-trade in a square-rigged sailing vessel.

Nature of certificates.

Where foreign-going certificates are required to be held to qualify candidates for examination, they may be either the Ordinary Certificates, or those for fore-and-aft rigged vessels or for foreign-going steam-ships.

It must be clearly understood that the amount of service laid down in the Regulations for each grade of Certificate of Competency is the minimum that can be accepted, and unless a candidate can show the full amount he must in no case be allowed up for examination.

Rank.	Minimum Age.	Total Sea Service (Years).*		Officer’s Service in Merchant Vessels
Rank.	Minimum Age.	Total Sea Service (Years).*	Years.	Lowest Capacity.	Lowest Certificate required.†
ORDINARY CERTIFICATE FOR FOREIGN-GOING SHIPS
2nd Mate	18	4	..	No officer’s service required......	None
1st Mate	19	5	1	3rd or 4th Mate in Foreign trade in charge of watch	2nd Mate Foreign, going
			1½	Or
			1½	Mate in Limited Coast-trade......	2nd Mate Foreign-going, or 1st Mate Sub-grade A, or Master Sub-grade B, Limited Coast-trade
			1	Or Pilot with 1st Class Pilot’s certificate	None
Master..	21	6	1	Only Mate in Foreign trade.......	Only Mate Foreign-going
			1½	Or Mate in Limited Coast-trade...... And, in addition, unless the above service was performed with a First Mate’s Foreign-going certificate, he will also be required to prove that he has performed the officer’s service prescribed for that grade	Only Mate Foreign-going
			3	Or
			3	Master in Limited Coast-trade.....	2nd Mate Foreign-going, or Master Sub-grade A Limited Coast-trade, for one year of such service
			1	Master in Limited Coast-trade..... And in addition Mate in Limited Coast-trade......	Do.
			3		Do.

See Definition, Regulation 3. † See Regulation 151.

Appendix B—continued.

Rank.	Minimum Age.	Total Sea Service (Years).*	Officer’s Service in Merchant Vessels.
Rank.	Minimum Age.	Total Sea Service (Years).*	Years.	Lowest Capacity.	Lowest Certificate required.†
ORDINARY CERTIFICATE FOR FOREIGN-GOING SHIPS—continued.
		6½	1	Or he must have served 2nd Mate in Foreign trade...... (Provided that, if this service as 2nd Mate was performed under an Additional or Auxiliary 1st Mate, it will only be accepted if a 3rd and 4th Mate were also carried.) And in addition	1st Mate Foreign-going
			1½	3rd or 4th Mate in Foreign trade in charge of watch Or he must have served	2nd Mate Foreign-going
		7½	2	3rd Mate in Foreign trade...... And in addition	1st Mate Foreign-going
Extra Master	..	..	1½	3rd or 4th Mate in Foreign trade in charge of watch Same as Master.............	2nd Mate Foreign-going ..

CERTIFICATES FOR FOREIGN-GOING FORE-AND-AFT RIGGED VESSELS.

2nd Mate

1st Mate

Master

Same as for Ordinary certificates; except that no service in square-rigged sailing vessels is required.

CERTIFICATES FOR FOREIGN-GOING STEAM-SHIPS.

2nd Mate

1st Mate

Master

Extra Master

Same as for Ordinary certificates; except that the whole of the service may have been performed in a steam-ship and that no service in square-rigged sailing vessels is required.

* See Regs. 3 (Definitions) and 146. † See Regulation 151.

APPENDIX C.

——

Regs. 62-110.

TABLE SHOWING THE REQUIREMENTS AS TO SEA SERVICE NECESSARY TO QUALIFY FOR LIMITED COAST-TRADE AND RIVER AND BAY CERTIFICATES.

Note.

(1) For an Ordinary Certificate, at least one year of the total sea service must have been performed in a square-rigged sailing vessel.

(2) For a Fore-and-aft Certificate, at least one year of the total sea service must have been performed in a sailing vessel.

(3) For a River and Bay Certificate as Master, at least one year of the total service required must have been performed in the particular River and Bay Trade for which the certificate is desired.

(4) The Certificates required to be held to qualify candidates for examination may be either the Ordinary Certificates, or those for Fore-and-aft vessels or for Steamships.

(5) The service required to qualify candidates for examination may have been performed in any vessel in which the certificate held entitles the candidate to serve.

Rank.	Minimum Age.	Minimum Total Sea Service (Years).	Years.	Officer’s Service in Merchant Vessels.
Rank.	Minimum Age.	Minimum Total Sea Service (Years).	Years.	Lowest Capacity.	Lowest Certificate Required.
Ordinary, or Fore-and-aft, or Steamship Certificates, Limited Coast Trade
Mate Sub-grade C	18	3	..	No officer’s service required	None
Master „ D	19	4
2nd Mate „ A	18	3
Mate „ B	19	4
Master „ C	20	4	1	Mate, limited coast trade	Mate, Sub-grade C; L.C.T.
1st Mate „ A	19	4	1	2nd or 3rd Mate, limited coast trade	2nd Mate, Sub-grade A limited coast trade
Master „ B	20	5	..	Same as 1st Mate, sub-grade a
Master „ A	21	5	1	1st Mate, limited coast trade or,	1st Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast trade
			1	2nd Mate, limited coast-trade	1st Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast trade
			1½	and in addition	2nd Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast trade
			1½	2nd or 3rd Mate......	2nd Mate, Sub-grade A; limited coast trade
Fore-and-aft, or Steamship Certificates, River and Bay Trade
Mate Sub-grade C	18	2	..	No officer’s service required	None
Master ” D	19	3	1	Mate on River Murray..	Mate Sub-grade C; River and Bay
			2	or,
			2	Barge Master on River Murray	None
Mate „ A	18	3	..	No officer’s service required	None
Master „ B	19	4	..	No officers service required	None
Master „ A	20	4	1	Mate, River and Bay trade	Mate, Sub-grade A, River and Bay

APPENDIX D).

——

Regn. 13 (b).

EXAMINATION IN SIGNALLING.

The examination in Signalling should in all cases and for all grades commence with an examination in the International Code and be followed by an examination in the Allied Signal Manual, including Morse Flashing, Flagwaving and Semaphore.

International Code.—Examiners are recommended to frame the examination in the International Code of Signals upon the instructions and illustrations given at the commencement of Parts I. and II. of the Signal Book. The information there given will be found sufficient to indicate all the characteristics of the Code.

By the form of the hoist, an observer can at sight understand the nature of any signal he sees flying; the examination should, therefore, tend to elicit a clear knowledge of all the distinctive features of the Code.

With this object in view, the Examiners should question the candidates as to the distinguishing forms of the respective hoists, which will be indicated according as a burgee, a pennant, or a square flag is uppermost, and also with regard to the number of flags, and the position of the Code flag when used in the hoist; making the 1, 2, 3, and 4 flag signals with the flags supplied for the purpose, and varying the signals made, showing 2 and 3 flag signals, with and without the code flag included, or a Geographical or a Vocabulary signal, the name of a merchant ship or of a ship of war.

As the two latter signals would not be found in the Signal Book, the candidate should know where to find them and how to look them out.

The candidate should:—(a) Be able to read a signal at sight, so far as to name the flags composing the hoist. (b) Know the use of the Code pennant and of the pennants C and D, “Yes” and “No,” also of the two burgees A and B, and the square flags S and P, and the flags used to indicate cholera, plague, &c., on board, and the quarantine flag. (c) Be required to signal some word or words not included in the vocabulary of the Code, either by letters or by the Spelling Table (page 516) or both. (d) Have a knowledge of the Distant Signals, and of their object, and the different modes of signalling therewith, (e) Know the special Morse signals indicated by certain letters as given on page 551. (f) Have a good knowledge of the Distress Signals and understand the penalty which may be incurred by their improper use.

The International Code is used on board His Majesty’s ships, and it has been adopted by all the principal Maritime Powers for their public as well as merchant ships.

Allied Signal Manual.—Candidates will be expected to know the meaning of any or all of the single flag signals given therein, and the signification of the Pilot Jack when incorporated in a hoist. They should also be required to make or read from the Pilot Jack table a hoist given by the Examiner. Candidates need not be expected to commit the Pilot Jack table to memory, but there should be no hesitation whatever in making or reading a signal. They should also know how to recognise any of the Special Signals given in the Allied Signal Manual.

Morse Flashing, Flagwaving and Semaphore.—Candidates for the Extra Master’s certificate and for the voluntary examination in signalling will be required to attain a minimum speed of 12 words a minute in semaphore, 10 words a minute in Morse flashing and 6 words a minute in Morse flagwaving (the average length of a word being taken as 5 letters).

Candidates for other foreign-going certificates will be required to attain a speed of 6 words a minute in Morse flashing and 5 words a minute in Morse flagwaving and 10 words a minute in Semaphore.*

In the ordinary examination, it will be sufficient if in Morse flashing a candidate is given a test card and a spelling message of 10 words, in Morse flagwaving a spelling message of 10 words, and in Semaphore a spelling message of 25 words.

In the Extra Master’s examination, and in the voluntary examination in signalling, the Semaphore test will be a spelling message of 50 words.

The Morse, flashing and flagwaving, test will be a test message (see Allied Signal Manual), followed by a spelling message of 25 words.

The candidate must attain a degree of accuracy of at least 90 per cent both in making and reading in each method, i.e., Flashing, Flagwaving, and Semaphore.

In the examination in Morse flashing and flagwaving the candidate should be first required to make a test message, followed by a spelling message of 25 words. The Examiner should then make a test message followed by a spelling message of 25 words to be read by the candidate.

The same procedure must be observed in the Semaphore examination, except that, as a test message is not given, the candidate will be required to make a spelling message of 50 words and then to read a message of 50 words made by the Examiner. The Semaphore messages may be made either by hand flags or mechanical Semaphore, or both, at the discretion of the Examiner.

* For limited coast-trade certificates, see regulations 63 and 66.

Appendix D—continued.

In the Morse flashing and flag-waving examination, marks will be allotted for the test message in the proportion of 50/78 of a mark for each correct letter (see table at back of test cards), and for the spelling message two marks for each correct word or group of figures. The candidate must for a pass gain an aggregate of at least 90 per cent. of the maximum marks in both spelling and test messages.

In the Semaphore examination two marks will be allotted for each correct word and 90 per cent. of the maximum must be obtained for a pass.

The spelling message is left to the discretion of the Examiner and maybe a passage from any book or newspaper in English. When the passage contains figures and the candidate does not choose to spell them out, the Examiner should see that the proper signs are made before and after the figures.

The message as read by the candidate should be taken down by another candidate, clerk, or other person according as the Examiner may deem expedient.

Candidates should be thoroughly tested in the various signs and the procedure of calling up, sending and answering a signal as laid down in the Allied Signal Manual, and this course should always be strictly adhered to.

Particular attention should be paid by the Examiners to the accurate spacing of the Morse signs, and to the intervals between letters and words, both in flashing and flagwaving, and also to the correct making of the Semaphore signs. Any attempted increase of speed at the expense of accuracy should be discouraged.

The block letter test and spelling message as read by the candidate should be forwarded on the Form M. & M.—Y, together with the percentage of marks allotted and report on the Form M. & M.—Z, to the Principal Examiner, with any remarks the Examiner may have to add with respect to the examination.

Note.—The International Code of Signals, with the Signal Letters of British ships, is prepared by the Registrar-General of Shipping and Seamen, and may be obtained of the publishers, Messrs, Spottiswoode & Co., 54 Gracechurch-street, London, and the principal booksellers at the various ports, published price 4s. 6d.

The Official Mercantile Navy List and Maritime Directory may be obtained in like manner, published price 12s.

The Allied Signal Manual may be obtained through any nautical bookseller, or directly from H.M. Stationery Office, London.

The attention of candidates is drawn to the fact that the Admiralty, after consultation with the Board of Trade, have established Signal Schools at London, Liverpool, South Shields, Glasgow and Cardiff, where candidates for Certificates of Competency can obtain instruction in signalling free of charge.

————

APPENDIX E.

——

Regn. 135.

EXAMINATION OF A MASTER OR MATE IN STEAM.

The regulations under which these examinations are conducted are contained in Part VI. of these Regulations.

The examination is for the most part vivâ voce and extends to a general knowledge of the practical use and working of steam engines and boilers, and of the various valves, fittings, and pieces of machinery connected with them and of the way in which electric lighting is carried out on board ship.

Candidates must:—

(a) Know the names and understand the uses of the various parts of engines and boilers, and their connecting pipes, valves, cocks, &c.

(b) Have a thorough grasp of the construction of the steam engine and boiler to enable them to understand the nature and importance of any defect which may be reported to them by the Chief Engineer.

(c) Have a looking-on knowledge of what the principal repairs are which are needed in engines and boilers and pipes, and how these repairs are usually accomplished.

(d) Be able to form an independent opinion as to a breakdown, and the consequent propriety or impropriety of proceeding under reduced steam with temporarily repaired or defective machinery.

(e) Understand how to estimate approximately the reduction of fuel required for reduced speed, and be able to satisfy themselves as to the sufficiency of coal on board for the voyage.

Appendix E—continued.

(f) To have an intelligent grasp of the general run of pipes and connexions in the engine-room, the marking of cocks, the opening and closing of cocks and valves, how mistakes of importance may be made, and how best to guard against such mistakes.

(g) To be capable of being left in charge of the feeding of a set of boilers, to understand the working of the water gauge, and to be able to guard against being misled by false indications of the gauge glass.

(h) To understand about blowing down and surfacing, the reasons for doing so, and the danger which may result from the neglect of these under certain circumstances.

A master or mate presenting himself for examination in steam must be understood to have made up for his want of practical experience by reading up about the steam engine. He ought, therefore, to show that he has given his mind to intelligently understanding the rationale of the action of the steam engine. Under this head, he should, therefore, be able to state approximately the quantity of heat required in the formation of steam, the remarkable relation of “latent” heat to “sensible” heat, how much steam can be raised by the combustion of one pound of coal, what horse-power measure is, what indicated horse-power is, what is the action of the slide-valve, the course of the steam through the engine, and the advantage of working expansively, and how the expansive action is shown by the indicator diagram. To know the uses of the various parts of the engines and dynamos used for electric lighting, and how they and the cables are fitted in the hull; how wires are jointed, insulated, and cased; why it is desirable that they should be led along places which are dry and accessible; what is short-circuiting and what are the causes which produce it; what is its danger in coal bunkers and petroleum carrying steamers; what are the uses of switches and cut-outs, and why it is so important to prevent short-circuting taking place.

Candidates will be required to give written answers to sixteen out of twenty questions in Engineering knowledge. These questions will be altered from time to time without notice. The twenty questions will not be difficult, theoretical, or book questions, but such as any man of ordinary capacity who has a fair amount of practical knowledge of the use of working of the steam engine ought to answer.

Examiners will require all candidates to fill up Form E.—K, and they will forward it to the Chief Examiner of Engineers with the report of the examination.

Masters and Mates may cancel questions A, B and C, but they should fill up the form for questions D, E, F and G, as evidence of their practical knowledge.

If a candidate refers to any book, paper or memorandum, or obtains information from another candidate or any other person during the examination, he will be treated as having failed, will forfeit his fee, and will not be allowed to be re-examined for a period of six months.

The Examiners will report, in the case of failure, the nature of the question or questions that decided the failure, or the point in the management of the engines or boilers in which the candidate was deficient.

Applicants for the voluntary examination need not necessarily have served on board steamships; all that is required is that they shall have a practical knowledge of the use and working of the steam engine.

Practical knowledge is best gained in the engine-room; and the examination of an officer who does not produce official evidence of service in steamships, and of experience of engines, must necessarily be more searching than in the case of one who produces evidence of such service and experience.

The answers to the Elementary Questions are frequently given by candidates as learned by rote from a book. Candidates should, therefore, be asked such vivâ voce questions as will necessitate answers in different words, so as to discover whether they have the root of the matter in them.

The principal part of the vivâ voce is the examination on board a steamer, preferably one with which he is unacquainted. He is told to look about and try to find out the run of the machinery without the assistance of any one; the examiner to be in the engine-room to see that this independent examination is properly carried out. When the candidate reports that he thinks he knows the whole arrangement of the machinery, the examiner will then question him on the uses of the parts, get him to point out the different cylinders, pumps, valves, condenser, &c.; also the dynamo, its field-magnets, armature, commutators, brushes, cables, &c. He must show that he understands the run of the pipes in the bilges, not necessarily that he has gone over every

Appendix E—continued.

one of them, but he ought to be directed to trace, at least, one important range of pipes, and to thoroughly satisfy the Examiner that he could be safely trusted to manipulate the valves or cocks in connexion therewith. It will not often be practicable for the candidate to be asked to actually work engines under steam, but he must satisfy the Examiner that he knows how to do so, and that he is aware what precautions have to be taken in regard to water in the cylinder, &c. It is most important that a candidate should show that, in the event of an accident depriving him of the assistance of engineers, he knows what to do to safely take his vessel to an anchorage, or to stop the engines and proceed under sail alone.

The examination of a mate in steam is the same as that of a master. The knowledge required has no reference to the mate’s position. A mate may be examined, but such examination implies that the mate will one day be a master, when the possession of the knowledge will be an advantage to him in the discharge of his duties as master.

APPENDIX F.

——

Reg. 69.

DEVIATION OF THE COMPASS.

For Master’s Certificates for Limited Coast-trade Ships.

The candidate must answer in writing, on paper given him by the Examiner, all the following questions, numbering his answers to correspond with the numbers of the questions.

1. When taking a meridian altitude, how do you know when the sun is on the meridian; or, in other words, when it is noon?

2. How does the sun bear (true and magnetic) when on the meridian of an observer in latitude ° ′ S Assume the variation to be ° ′ E/W

3. What do you mean by deviation of the compass, and how is it caused?

4. Having determined the deviation, how do you know when it is easterly, and when westerly?

5. Supposing the sun when on the meridian bore by your compass what would be the deviation of that compass for the direction of the ship’s head at the time, the variation given on the chart being ° ′ E/W

6. How could you find the deviation of your compass when in port, or when sailing along a coast?

7. Name some suitable terrestrial objects by which you could readily obtain the deviation of your compass.

8. The bearing of two objects when in a line with each other was found on the chart to be magnetic; but when brought in a line on board they bore by your compass; required the deviation of your compass for the direction of the ship’s head at the time?

9. What means are there for checking the deviation of your compass by night?

10. Supposing you were in lat ° ′S, long ° ′E, and wished to find the true bearing of the sun from the Time Azimuth Tables, but had no chronometer on board, what would be the correct Apparent Time with which to enter the table if the ship’s clock, which was set to keep zone time of the meridian, shewed....................................h.................................m. A.M./P.M.

11. Do you expect the deviation to change? If so, state under what circumstances.

12. What is meant by the variation of the compass, and what is the cause of it?

APPENDIX G.

——

REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA.

(Order in Council 13th October, 1910.)

Preliminary.

These Rules shall be followed by all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith, navigable by sea-going vessels.

In the following Rules every steam vessel which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing vessel, and every vessel under steam, whether under sail or not, is to be considered a steam vessel.

The words “steam vessel” shall include any vessel propelled by machinery.

A vessel is “underway” within the meaning of these Rules when she is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore or aground.

Rules Concerning Lights, etc.

The word “visible” in these Rules, when applied to lights, shall mean visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere.

Art. 1.—The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise, and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for the prescribed lights shall be exhibited.

Art. 2.—A steam vessel when under way shall carry—

(a) On or in front of the foremast, or if a vessel without a foremast, then in the fore part of the vessel, at a height above the hull of not less than 20 feet, and if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 20 feet, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so, however, that the light need not be carried at a greater height above the hull than 40 feet, a bright white light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each side of the vessel, viz., from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 miles.

(b) On the starboard side a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(c) On the port side a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 10 points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(d) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forward from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.

(e) A steam vessel when under way may carry an additional white light similar in construction to the light mentioned in subdivision (a). These two lights shall be so placed in line with the keel that one shall be at least 15 feet higher than the other, and in such a position with reference to each other that the lower light shall be forward of the upper one. The vertical distance between these lights shall be less than the horizontal distance.

Art. 3.—A. steam vessel when towing another vessel shall, in addition to her side lights, carry two bright white lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 6 feet apart, and when towing more than one vessel shall carry an additional bright white light 6 feet above or below such lights, if the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the stern of the last vessel towed, exceeds 600 feet. Each of these lights shall be of the same construction and character, and shall be carried in the same position as the white light mentioned in Article 2 (a), except the additional light, which may be carried at a height of not less than 14 feet above the hull.

Such steam vessel may carry a small white light abaft the funnel or aftermast or the vessel towed to steer by, but such light shall not be visible forward of the beam.

Appendix G—continued.

Art. 4 (a).—A vessel which from any accident is not under command shall carry at the same height as the white light mentioned in Article 2 (a), where they can best be seen, and, if a steam vessel, in lieu of that light, two red lights, in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 6 feet apart, and of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 miles; and shall by day carry in a vertical line one over the other not less than 6 feet apart, where they can best be seen, two black balls or shapes, each 2 feet in diameter.

(b) A vessel employed in laying or in picking up a telegraph cable shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in Article 2 (a), and if a steam vessel, in lieu of that light, three lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 6 feet apart. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red, and the middle light shall be white, and they shall be of such a character as to be visible all round the horizon, at a distance of least 2 miles. By day she shall carry in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 8 feet apart, where they can best be seen, three shapes not less than 2 feet in diameter, of which the highest and lowest shall be globular in shape and red in colour, and the middle one diamond in shape and white.

(c) The vessels referred to in this Article, when not making way through the water, shall not carry the side lights, but when making way shall carry them.

(d) The lights and shapes required to be shown by this Article are to be taken by other vessels as signals that the vessel showing them is not under command and cannot therefore get out of the way.

These signals are not signals of vessels in distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in Article 31.

Art. 5.—A sailing vessel under way, and any vessel being towed, shall carry the same lights as are prescribed by Article 2 for a steam vessel under way, with the exception of the white lights mentioned therein, which they shall never carry.

Art. 6.—Whenever, as in the case of small vessels under way during bad weather, the green and red side lights cannot be fixed, these lights shall be kept at hand lighted and ready for use; and shall, on the approach of or to other vessels, be exhibited on their respective sides in sufficient time to prevent collision, in such manner as to make them most visible, and so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side, nor, if practicable, more than 2 points abaft the beam on their respective sides.

To make the use of these portable lights more certain and easy, the lanterns containing them shall each be painted outside with the colour of the light they respectively contain, and shall be provided with proper screens.

Art. 7.—Steam vessels of less than 40, and vessels under oars or sails of less than 20, tons gross tonnage, respectively, and rowing boats, when under way, shall not be obliged to carry the lights mentioned in Article 2 (a), (b), and (c), but if they do not carry them they shall be provided with the following lights:—

1. Steam vessels of less than 40 tons shall carry:—

(a) In the fore part of the vessel, or on or in front of the funnel, where it can best be seen, and at a height above the gunwale of not less than 9 feet, a bright white light constructed and fixed as prescribed in Article 2 (a), and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(b) Green and red side-lights constructed and fixed as prescribed in Article 2 (b) and (c), and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 1 mile, or a combined lantern showing a green light and a red light from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on their respective sides. Such lantern shall be carried not less than 3 feet below the white light.

2. Small steam-boats, such as are carried by sea-going vessels, may carry the white light at a less height than 9 feet above the gunwale, but it shall be carried above the combined lantern mentioned in subdivision 1 (b).

3. Vessels under oars or sails, of less than 20 tons, shall have ready at hand a lantern with a green glass on one side and a red glass on the other, which, on the approach of or to other vessels, shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision, so that the green light shall not be seen on the port side nor the red light on the starboard side.

4. Rowing boats, whether under oars or sail, shall have ready at hand a lantern showing a white light, which shall be temporarily exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

The vessels referred to in this Article shall not be obliged to carry the lights prescribed by Article 4 (a), and Article 11, last paragraph.

Appendix G—continued.

Art. 8.—Pilot vessels, when engaged on their station on pilotage duty, shall not show the lights required for other vessels, but shall carry a white light at the masthead, visible all round the horizon, and shall also exhibit a flare-up light or flare-up lights at short intervals, which shall never exceed fifteen minutes.

On the near approach of or to other vessels they shall have their side-lights lighted, ready for use, and shall flash or show them at short intervals, to indicate the direction in which they are heading, but the green light shall not be shown on the port side, nor the red light on the starboard side.

A pilot-vessel of such a class as to be obliged to go alongside of a vessel to put a pilot on board, may show the white light instead of carrying it at the masthead, and may, instead of the coloured lights above mentioned, have at hand ready for use a lantern with a green glass on the one side and a red glass on the other, to be used as prescribed above.

A steam pilot vessel exclusively employed for the service of Pilots licensed or certified by any Pilotage Authority or the Committee of any Pilotage District, when engaged on her station on pilotage duty and not at anchor, shall, in addition to the hights required for all pilot boats, carry at a distance of 8 feet below her white masthead light a red light visible all round the horizon and of such a character as to be visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere at a distance of at least 2 miles, and also the coloured side lights required to be carried by vessels when under way.

When engaged on her station on pilotage duty and at anchor she shall carry, in addition to the lights required for all pilot boats, the red light above mentioned, but not the coloured side lights.

Pilot-vessels, when not engaged on their station on pilotage duty, shall carry lights similar to those of other vessels of their tonnage.

Art. 9.*†—Fishing-vessels and fishing-boats, when under way and when not required by this Article to carry or show the lights hereinafter specified, shall carry or show the lights prescribed for vessels of their tonnage under way.

(a) Open boats, by which is to be understood boats not protected from the entry of sea water by means of a continuous deck, when engaged in any fishing at night with outlying tackle extending not more than 150 feet horizontally from the boat into the seaway, shall carry one all-round white light.

Open boats, when fishing at night, with outlying tackle extending more than 150 feet horizontally from the boat into the seaway, shall carry one all-round white light, and in addition, on approaching or being approached by other vessels, shall show a second white light at least 3 feet below the first light and at a horizontal distance of at least 5 feet away from it in the direction in which the outlying tackle is attached.

(b)‡ Vessels and boats, except open boats as defined in subdivision (a), when fishing with drift nets, shall, so long as the nets are wholly or partly in the water, carry two white lights where they can best be seen. Such lights shall be placed so that the vertical distance between them shall be not less than 6 feet and not more than 15 feet, and so that the horizontal distance between them, measured in a line with the keel, shall be not less than 5 feet and not more than 10 feet. The lower of these two lights shall be in the direction of the nets, and both of them shall be of such a character as to show all round the horizon, and to be visible at a distance of not less than 3 miles.

Within the Mediterranean Sea and in the seas bordering the coasts of Japan and Korea§ sailing fishing-vessels of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to carry the lower of these two lights; should they, however, not carry it, they shall show in the same position (in the direction of the net or gear) a white light, visible at a distance of not less than 1 sea mile, on the approach of or to other vessels.

(c) Vessels and boats, except open boats as defined in subdivision (a), when line-fishing with their lines out and attached to or hauling their lines, and when not at anchor or stationary within the meaning of subdivision (h), shall carry the same lights as vessels fishing with drift-nets. When shooting lines, or fishing with towing lines, they shall carry the lights prescribed for a steam or sailing-vessel under way respectively.

* This Article does not apply to Chinese or Siamese vessels.

† The expression “Mediterranean Sea” contained in sub-sections (b) and (c) of this Article includes the Black Sea and the other adjacent inland seas in communication with it.

‡ Dutch vessels and boats when engaged in the “kol,” or hand-line, fishing will carry the lights prescribed for vessels fishing with drift nets.

§ Also as regards Russian vessels in the seas (excluding the Baltic) bordering the coasts of Russia.

Appendix G—continued.

Within the Mediterranean Sea and in the seas bordering the coasts of Japan and Korea,* sailing fishing-vessels of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to carry the lower of these two lights; should they, however, not carry it, they shall show in the same position (in the direction of the lines) a white light, visible at a distance of not less than 1 sea mile on the approach of or to other vessels.

(d) Vessels, when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging of an apparatus along the bottom of the sea—

1. If steam-vessels, shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in Article 2 (a), a tri-coloured lantern so constructed and fixed as to show a white light from right ahead to two points on each bow, and a green light and a red light over an arc of the horizon from two points on each bow to two points abaft the beam on the starboard and port sides respectively; and not less than 6 nor more than 12 feet below the tri-coloured lantern a white light in a lantern, so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light all round the horizon.

2. If sailing-vessels, shall carry a white light in a lantern, so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light all round the horizon, and shall also, on the approach of or to other vessels, show where it can best be seen a white flare-up light or torch in sufficient time to prevent collision.

All lights mentioned in subdivision (d) 1 and 2 shall be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(e) Oyster dredgers and other vessels fishing with dredge nets shall carry and show the same lights as trawlers.

(f) Fishing-vessels and fishing-boats may at any time use a flare-up light in addition to the lights which they are by this Article required to carry and show, and they may also use working lights.

(g) Every fishing-vessel and every fishing-boat under 150 feet in length, when at anchor, shall exhibit a white light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile.

Every fishing-vessel of 150 feet in length or upwards, when at anchor, shall exhibit a white light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile, and shall exhibit a second light as provided for vessels of such length by Article 11.

Should any such vessel, whether under 150 feet in length, or of 150 feet in length or upwards, be attached to a net or other fishing gear, she shall on the approach of other vessels show an additional white light at least 3 feet below the anchor light, and at a horizontal distance of at least 5 feet away from it in the direction of the net or gear.

(h) If a vessel or boat when fishing becomes stationary in consequence of her gear getting fast to a rock or other obstruction, she shall in day-time haul down the day-signal required by subdivision (k); at night show the light or lights prescribed for a vessel at anchor; and during fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms make the signal prescribed for a vessel at anchor. (See subdivision (d) and the last paragraph of Article 15.)

(i) In fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms, drift-net vessels attached to their nets, and vessels when trawling, dredging, or fishing with any kind of drag-net, and vessels line fishing with their lines out, shall, if of 20 tons gross tonnage or upwards, respectively, at intervals of not more than one minute make a blast; if steam-vessels, with the whistle or siren, and if sailing-vessels, with the fog-horn; each blast to be followed by ringing the bell. Fishing vessels and boats of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals; but if they do not, they shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than one minute.

(k) All vessels or boats fishing with nets or lines or trawls, when under way, shall in day-time indicate their occupation to an approaching vessel by displaying a basket or other efficient signal whore it can best be seen. If vessels or boats at anchor have their gear out, they shall, on the approach of other vessels, show the same signal on the side on which those vessels can pass.

* Also, as regards Russian vessels, in the seas (excluding the Baltic) bordering the coasts of Russia.

Appendix G—continued.

The vessels required by this Article to carry or show the lights hereinbefore specified shall not be obliged to carry the lights prescribed by Article 4 (a), and the last paragraph of Article 11.

Art. 10.—A vessel which is being overtaken by another shall show from her stern to such last-mentioned vessel a white light or a flare-up light.

The white light required to be shown by this Article may be fixed and carried in a lantern, but in such case the lantern shall be so constructed, fitted, and screened that it shall throw an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 12 points of the compass, viz., for 6 points from right aft on each side of the vessel, so as to be visible at a distance of at least 1 mile. Such light shall be carried as nearly as practicable on the same level as the side-lights.

Art. 11.—A vessel under 150 feet in length, when at anchor, shall carry forward, where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull, a white light in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile.

A vessel of 150 feet or upwards in length, when at anchor, shall carry in the forward part of the vessel, at a height of not less than 20, and not exceeding 40, feet above the hull, one such light, and at or near the stem of the vessel, and at such a height that it shall be not less than 15 feet lower than the forward light, another such light.

The length of a vessel shall be deemed to be the length appearing in her certificate of registry.

A vessel aground in or near a fairway shall carry the above light or lights and the two red lights prescribed by Article 4 (a).

art. 12.—Every vessel may, if necessary in order to attract attention, in addition, to the lights which she is by these Rules required to carry, show a flare-up light or use any detonating signal that cannot be mistaken for a distress signal.

ART. 13.—Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any nation with respect to additional station and signal lights for two or more ships of war or for vessels sailing under convey, or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by ship-owners, which have been authorized by their respective Governments and duly registered and published.

Art. 14.—A steam-vessel proceeding under sail only, but having her funnel up, shall carry in day-time, forward, where it can best be seen, one black ball or shape 2 feet in diameter.

Sound Signals for Fog, &c.

Art. 15.—All signals prescribed by this Article for vessels under way shall be given:—

1. By “steam-vessels” on the whistle or siren.

2. By “sailing vessels and vessels towed” on the fog-horn.

The words “prolonged blast” used in this Article, shall mean a blast of from 4 to 6 seconds duration.

A steam vessel shall be provided with an efficient whistle or siren, sounded by steam or some substitute for steam, so placed that the sound may not be intercepted by any obstruction, and with an efficient fog-horn, to be sounded by mechanical means, and also with an efficient bell.* A sailing vessel of 20 tons gross tonnage or upwards shall be provided with a similar fog-horn and bell.

In fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms, whether by day or night, the signals described in this Article shall be used as follows viz:—

(a) A steam-vessel having way upon her, shall sound, at intervals of not more than two minutes, a prolonged blast.

(b) A steam-vessel under way, but stopped and having no way upon her, shall sound, at intervals of not more than two minutes, two prolonged blasts, with an interval of about one second between them.

(c) A sailing-vessel under way shall sound, at intervals of not more than one minute, when on the starboard tack one blast, when on the port tack two blasts in succession, and when with the wind abaft the beam three blasts in succession.

(d) A vessel, when at anchor, shall, at intervals of not more than one minute, ring the bell rapidly for about five seconds.

(e) A vessel, when towing, a vessel employed in laying or in picking up a telegraph cable, and a vessel under way, which is unable to get out of the way of an approaching vessel through being not under command, or unable to maneuver as required by these Rules, shall, instead of the signals prescribed

* In all cases where the Rules require a bell to be used, a drum may be substituted on board Turkish vessels or a gong where such articles are used on board small sea-going vessels.

Appendix G—continued.

in subdivisions (a) and (c) of this Article, at intervals of not more than two minutes, sound three blasts in succession, viz.: one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts. A vessel towed may give this signal and she shall not give any other.

Sailing-vessels and boats of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals, but if they do not, they shall make some other efficient sound-signal at intervals of not more than one minute.*

Speed of Ships to be Moderate in Fog, &c.

Art. 16.—Every vessel shall, in a fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms go at a moderate speed, having careful regard to the existing circumstances and conditions.

A steam-vessel hearing, apparently forward of her beam, the fog-signal of a vessel the position of which is not ascertained, shall, so far as the circumstances of the case admit, stop her engines, and then navigate with caution until danger of collision is over.

Steering and Sailing Rules.

Preliminary—Risk of Collision.

Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel. If the bearing does not appreciably change, such risk should be deemed to exist.

Art. 17.—When two sailing-vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other, as follows, viz. —

(a) A vessel which is running free shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled.

(b) A vessel which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled on the starboard tack.

(c) When both are running free, with the wind on different sides, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.

(d) When both are running free, with the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.

(e) A vessel which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other vessel.

Art. 18.—When two steam-vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

This article only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to two vessels which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other.

The only cases to which it does apply are when each of the two vessels is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and, by night, to cases in which each vessel is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other.

It does not apply, by day, to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead crossing her own course; or by night, to cases where the red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.

Art. 19.—When two steam-vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.

Art. 20.—When a steam-vessel and a sailing-vessel are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam-vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing-vessel.

Art. 21.—Where by any of these rules one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed.

Note.—When, in consequence of thick weather or other causes, such vessel finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the giving-way vessel alone, she also shall take action as will best aid to avert collision. (See Articles 27 and 29.)

* Dutch steam pilot-vessels, when engaged on their station on pilotage duty in fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms are required to make at intervals of two minutes at most one long blast with the siren, followed after one second by a long blast with the steam whistle and again after one second by a long blast on the siren. When not engaged on their station on pilotage duty, they make the same signals as other steam-ships.

Appendix G—continued.

Art. 22.—Every vessel which is directed by these Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.

Art. 23.—Every steam-vessel which is directed by these Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, on approaching her, if necessary, slacken her speed or stop or reverse.

Art. 24.—Notwithstanding anything contained in these Rules, every vessel, overtaking any other, shall keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel.

Every vessel coming up with another vessel from any direction more than two points abaft her beam, i.e., in such a position, with reference to the vessel which she is overtaking, that at night she would be unable to see either of that vessel’s side lights, shall be deemed to be an overtaking vessel; and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules, or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear.

As by day the overtaking vessel cannot always know with certainty whether she is forward of or abaft this direction from the other vessel, she should, if in doubt, assume that she is an overtaking vessel and keep out of the way.

Art. 25.—In narrow channels every steam-vessel shall, when it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or mid-channel which lies on the starboard side of such vessel.

Art. 26.—Sailing-vessels under way shall keep out of the way of sailing-vessels or boats fishing with nets, or lines, or trawls. This rule shall not give to any vessel or boat engaged in fishing the right of obstructing a fairway used by vessels other than fishing vessels or boats.

Art. 27.—In obeying and construing these Rules, due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision, and to any special circumstances which may render a departure from the above Rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

Sound Signals for Vessels in Sight of one another.

Art. 28.—The words “short blast” used in this Article shall mean a blast of about one second’s duration.

When vessels are in sight of one another, a steam-vessel under way, in taking any course authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that course by the following signals on her whistle or siren, viz.:—

One short blast to mean, “I am directing my course to starboard.”

Two short blasts to mean, “I am directing my course to port.”

Three short blasts to mean, “My engines are going full speed astern.”

No Vessel under any circumstances to neglect proper Precautions.

Art. 29.—Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.

Reservation of Rules for Harbors and Inland Navigation.

Art. 30.—Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule, duly made by local authority, relative to the navigation of any harbor, river, or inland waters.

Distress Signals.*

Art. 31.—When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance from other vessels or from the shore, the following shall be the signals to be used or displayed by her, either together or separately, viz.:—

In the daytime—

1. A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;

2. The International Code signal of distress indicated by N.C.;

3. The distant signal, consisting of a square flag, having either above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball;†

4. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus.

* Persons who, without reasonable excuse, use or exhibit any signal of distress, render themselves liable to a penalty of Fifty pounds, and, in addition, and without prejudice to any other liability, to pay compensation for any labour undertaken or risk or expense incurred in consequence of the signal having been improperly exhibited. (See Navigation Act 1920, secs. 229, 230.)

† A further distress signal is provided in the International Code of Signals. It is a distant signal, consisting of a cone point upwards, having either above it or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball. This signal has not been sanctioned by Order in Council under the provisions of section 434 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894.

Appendix G—continued.

At night—

1. A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;

2. Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, &c.);

3. Rockets or shells, throwing stars of any colour or description, fired one at a time, at short intervals;

4. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus.

————

APPENDIX H.

——

SIGNALS TO BE MADE BY SHIPS WANTING A PILOT.

In the Day-time.—The following signals, numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, when used or displayed together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot in the daytime, viz.:—

1. To be hoisted at the fore, the Union Jack, having round it a white border one-fifth of the breadth of the flag; or

2. The International Code pilotage signal indicated by PT.

3. The International Code Flag S, with or without the Code Pennant over it.

4. The distant signal, consisting of a cone point upwards, having above it two balls or shapes resembling balls.

At Night.—The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when used or displayed together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot at night, viz.:—

1. The pyrotechnic light commonly known as a blue light every fifteen minutes; or

2. A bright white light, flashed or shown at short or frequent intervals just above the bulwarks, for about a minute at a time.

If any person uses or displays any of the pilot signals for any other purpose than that of summoning a pilot he renders himself liable, for such offence, to a penalty of £20. (See Navigation Act 1912-1920, Section 347.)

————

APPENDIX I.

——

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GUIDANCE OF MASTERS AND SEAMEN WHEN USING THE ROCKET APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE.

In the event of your vessel stranding on any coast, and the lives of the crew being placed in danger, assistance will, if possible, be rendered from the shore in the following manner, namely:—

1. A rocket with a thin line attached will be fired across your vessel. Get hold of this line as soon as you can; and when you have secured it, let one of the crew be separated from the rest, and, if in daytime, wave his hat or his hand, or a flag or handkerchief; or, if at night, let a rocket, a blue light, or a gun be fired, or let a light be waved as a signal to those on shore.

2. When you see one of the men on shore separated from the rest, wave a red flag, or (if at night) wave a red light, you are to haul upon the rocket line until you get a tailed block with an endless fall rove through it.

3. Make the tail of the block fast to the mast well above the deck, or, if your masts are gone, to the highest secure part of the vessel. When the tail block is made fast and the rocket line unbent from the whip, let one of the crew, separated from the rest, make the signal required by Article I above.

4. As soon as the signal is seen on shore a hawser will be bent to the whip line, and will be hauled off to the ship by those on shore.

5. When the hawser is got on board, the crew should at once make it fast to the same part of the ship as the tail block is made fast to, only about 2 feet higher, taking care that there are no turns of the whip line round the hawser.

6. When the hawser has been made fast on board, the signal directed to be made in Article 1 above is to be repeated.

7. The men on shore will then pull the hawser taut, and by means of the whip line will haul off to the ship a sling life-buoy, into which the person to be hauled ashore s to get and be made fast. When he is in and secure, one of the crew must be separiated from the rest, and again signal to the shore as directed in Article 1 above. The

Appendix I—continued.

people on shore will then haul the person in the buoy to the shore, and when he has landed will haul back the empty buoy to the ship for others. This operation will be repeated until all the persons are hauled ashore from the wrecked vessel.

8. It may sometimes happen that the state of the weather and the condition of the ship will not admit of a hawser being set up; in such cases the life-buoy will be hauled off at once, and the shipwrecked persons will be hauled on shore without the aid of the hawser.

9. Masters and crews of stranded vessels should bear in mind that success in landing them in a great measure depends upon their coolness and attention to the rules here laid down; and that by attending to these many lives are annually saved by the rocket apparatus.

10. The system of signalling must be strictly adhered to; and all women, children, passengers, and helpless persons should be landed before the crew of the ship.

————

APPENDIX J.

——

Text-Books to be used in the examinations —

For Naval Architecture.—The Modern Practice of Shipbuilding in Iron and Steel, by Samuel J. P. Thearle. Published by William Collins, Sons and Co. 2 vols.:—Vol. 1, 7s. 6d.; vol. 2, 12s. 6d. net.*

Ship Construction and Calculations, by George Nicol. Published by James Brown and Sons, 52-56 Darnley-street, Pollokshields, E. Price, 23s. net.

For Stability.—Ship Stability and Trim, by Percy Hillhouse. Published by Gieve’s Publishing Co. (John Hogg), 13 Paternoster-row, London, E.C. Price, 12s. 6d., net.

For Deviation of the Compass.—The Admiralty Manual for the Deviations of the Compass, to be obtained through any bookseller, or directly from His Majesty’s Stationery Office; or Edward Ponsonby, 116 Grafton-street, Dublin. Price, 6s. The Elementary Manual for the Deviations of the Compass in Iron Ships, by E. W. Creak, published by J. D. Potter, 145 Minories, London, E.I. Price, 10s.

For Meteorology, including Barometer, Thermometer and Hydrometer.—A Barometer Manual for the use of Seamen; with an Appendix on the Thermometer, Hygrometer and Hydrometer (issued by the authority of the Meteorological Council). Price, 1s. 6d. And The Seamen’s Handbook on Meteorology. Price, 3s. 6d. To be purchased through any bookseller, or directly from His Majesty’s Stationery Office; or Edward Ponsonby, 116 Grafton-street, Dublin.

For Prevailing Winds and Currents of the Globe.—The principal Winds and Currents of the Globe, &c., compiled from the various Admiralty Sailing Directions, Weather Charts, &c., by Captain Robert Jackson, R.N., and to be purchased either directly or through any bookseller, from Simpkin, Marshall and Company, Paternoster-row, London; or Henry Lewis, 114 High-street, Portsmouth. Price, 1s., net.

For Trade Routes.—Ocean Passages, compiled from the various Admiralty Sailing Directions by Captain Robert Jackson, R.N., and to be purchased, either directly or through any bookseller, from Simpkin, Marshall and Company, Paternoster-row, London; or Henry Lewis, 114 High-street, Portsmouth. Price, 1s., net.

For Tides.—Tide Tables for the British and Irish Ports, published annually by the Admiralty, and to be purchased, either directly or through any bookseller, from J. D. Potter, 145 Minories, E., and 11 King-street, Tower Hill, E. Two parts, 3s. 6d. each.

For Signalling.—The Allied Signal Manual may be obtained through any bookseller, or directly from H.M. Stationery Office; or Edward Ponsonby, 116 Grafton-street, Dublin. Price, 1s.

*Note.—The prices quoted are in all cases London prices. The prices in Australia are naturally somewhat higher.

Reg. 3 (1). APPENDIX K.

——

LIST OF COLONIAL CERTIFICATES ISSUED UNDER ORDER IN COUNCIL WHICH ARE OF THE SAME FORCE AS THOSE GRANTED BY THE BOARD OF TRADE.

Colony.	Certificates.		Date of Original Order in Council.	Date from which Order in Council takes effect.
Colony.	By whom granted in Colony.	Description.	Date of Original Order in Council.	Date from which Order in Council takes effect.
Victoria....	*Marine Board......	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	30 Mar., 1871	14 Jan., 1870
Canada	The Minister of Marine and Fisheries	Master; 1st Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	19 Aug., 1871 10 Nov., 1886	19 Aug., 1871 1 Jan., 1887
New Zealand	................	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	9 Aug., 1872	1 May, 1872
New South Wales	†Department of Navigation	Master; 1st Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	30 Aug., 1873	18 June, 1872
South Australia	Marine Board......	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	12 May, 1874	12 May, 1874
Tasmania...	Governor.........	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	12 Feb.,1876	1 April, 1876
Bengal.....	Lieutenant-Governor..	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	7 June, 1876	27 June, 1876
Newfoundland	Governor.........	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	14 May, 1877 19 July, 1910	14 May, 1877
Bombay....	Governor.........	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	11 July, 1877	11 July, 1877
Queensland..	Marine Board......	Master; 1st Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	6 Mar., 1878	1 Oct., 1877
Hong Kong..	Governor.........	Master; 1st Mate; Only Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	31 Dec, 1886	1 Jan., 1884
Straits Settlements	Governor.........	Master; 1st Mate; 2nd Mate; 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer	1 May, 1890	1 June, 1890 1 Aug 1888

* The Steam Navigation Board was superseded by the Marine Board on the 21st December, 1888, See Order in Council of 23rd November, 1893.

† The Marine Board was superseded by the Department of Navigation on the 17th March, 1900, See Navigation Amendment Act 1899.

Note.—The Orders in Council giving Imperial validity to certificates of competency issued in Malta and Mauritius was revoked by an Order in Council dated 18th August, 1916.

INDEX.

——

Subject and Number of Regulation or Letter of Appendix.

A.
	Regulation.
Additional or Auxiliary Mates.............................	153
Admiralty, service under.................................	155
Allied Signal Manual...................................	Appendix D.
Ambulance Certificates.................................	32
Application, Certificates of Competency......................	6, 10
„ „ Efficiency.......................	129
„ Provisional Certificates.......................	130
„ Voluntary Examination, Compass Deviation and Signalling	133, 134
„ „ „ Steam.....................	137
„ Certificate of Service.........................	140
„ of Board of Trade Regulations...................	31
Apprentices, service of..................................	148
Auxiliary screw ships, service in...........................	157
„ First and Second Mate........................	153
„ „ Mate, service under.................	44
B.
Birth Certificate to be produced............................	8
Board of Trade Regulations...............................	31
Breach of rules, penalty for...............................	179
Bribe, attempting to, and penalty...........................	7
C.
Cadets, service of.....................................	149
Carpenter, service as...................................	150
Certificate, meaning of term..............................	3
„ issue of..................................	16
„ of service................................	140
Change of certificate 29 and..............................	29 and Schedule 2
Character, testimonial required............................	9
Charge of a watch.....................................	154
Chart, examination in,..................................	39, 63, 66, 83, 100
„ „ time allowed.........................	168
Collision regulations...................................	Appendix G.
Colonial certificates....................................	Appendix K.
Colour vision test.....................................	33 and Schedule 4
Compass Deviation....................................	45, 69, 115
„ „ Limited Coast Trade....................	Appendix F.
„ „ Voluntary examination..................	133
Conditions of passing...................................	13, 14, 15
Conversion of service..................................	146
Cook, service as......................................	150
D.
Days of examination...................................	Appendix A.
Degree of precision required..............................	186
Desertion, penalty for...................................	11
Deviation, see Compass.
Doubtful cases, how to deal with...........................	10
Dredgers, service in....................................	162
Duplicate of lost certificate...............................	30

E.	Regulation
Efficiency certificates........................................		129
Engine-room, service in.......................................		165
English language, failure in.....................................		19
Essay ...................................................		39, 45
Examinations, time table......................................		168
Examination days............................................		Appendix A.
„ fees..........................................		Schedule I.
„ papers, order of...................................		168
„ „ how dealt with...............................		180
„ conduct of......................................		168-191
Excursion steamers, service in...................................		158
Extra certificates, foreign-going ships..............................		113-116, 188
„ „ steam-ships.................................		117—119
„ „ for yachts..................................		124
„ examinations, marks required.........................		15
„ „ failure in...................................		23, 28
Eyesight test ..............................................		33 and Schedule 4
F.
Failure in examination........................................		18-28
„ no part of fee returned..............................		7
„ to join ship......................................		11
Fees, table of...............................................		Schedule I.
„ where paid......................................		7
First Aid.................................................		32
First Mate, Ordinary, qualifications...............................		41
„ „ Steam-ships qualifications.......................		54
„ „ Provisional qualifications........................		131
Fishing vessels, service in......................................		159
Fore-and-aft certificates, Foreign-going.............................		47-49
„ „ Limited Coast-Trade...........................		78-91
„ „ River and Bay...............................		99-103
Foreign-going certificates, examination for..........................		35-59, 115-119
„ „ sea service, definition of 3.......................		3
Foreign vessels, service in.....................................		143
Form vision test............................................		33 and Schedule 4
H.
Harbour ships, naval, service in..................................		156
Home or coasting trade ship, definition of...........................		3
Honorary certificates, see Extra certificates
I.
Indian Marine..............................................		155
Instruments used at examination.................................		174
Insufficient service..........................................		17
International Code of Signals...................................		Appendix D.
Issue of certificates..........................................		16
L.
Lighthouse tenders, service in...................................		163
Lightship, service in.........................................		165
Limited Coast Trade certificates, qualifications, Sub-Grade A		62, 85, 68, 79, 93
„ „ „ „ „ „ B		72, 75, 79, 93
„ „ „ „ „ „ C.............		82, 85, 93
„ „ „ „ „ „ D.............		89, 93
„ „ „ Examinations.......................		63-111
„ „ „ Officer’s service.....................		146
„ „ „ Sea service in.......................		146
„ „ „ sea service, definition of................		3
„ „ „ total sea service......................		60
„ „ „ table of sea service necessary.............		62-110, Appendix C.

M.	Regulation.
Marks in examination.....................................	13, 15, 181
Master, Ordinary, qualifications..............................	44
„ Steam-ships, qualifications.......................	57
„ Limited Coast Trade, qualifications.................	68, 75, 85, 89, 93
„ River and Bay, qualifications.....................	99, 102, 105, 110
„ Provisional certificate..........................	132
Mates, Second, First, Foreign-going, Ordinary.....................	38-43
„ „ „ „ Steam-ships....................	51-56
„ „ „ Limited Coast Trade, Ordinary............	62-67, 72-74
„ „ „ „ „ „ Fore-and-aft............	78-84
„ „ „ „ „ „ Steam-ships............	92-94
„ Fore-and-aft, River and Bay......................	96-98
„ Steam ships, River and Bay......................	104-109
Mate, Provisional certificate.................................	131
Mental disability........................................	12
Meteorology...........................................	42, 45, 115, 168
Midshipman, service as....................................	149
Misconduct on board, penalty for.............................	11
Morse signalling........................................	39, 63, 68, 115, 127and Appendix D.
N.
Nationality, proof of......................................	8
Naval architecture.......................................	39, 115
Naval officers entitled to certificates of service....................	140
Naval officers, service of...................................	155
Navigation, 2nd Mate, 1st Mate, Master, Ordinary..................	39, 42, 45
„ „ „ „ Steam-ships……………………………….	52, 55, 58
” Limited Coast Trade, Sub-grade A..................	63, 66, 69, 80, 94
„ „ „ Sub-grade B.................	73, 76, 80, 94
„ „ „ Sub-grade C.................	83, 86, 94
„ „ „ Sub-grade D.................	90, 94
„ River and Bay, Sub-grades A, B and C...............	98, 100, 103, 109, 111
„ Extra Master................................	115
„ „ „ Steam-ships.................	118
„ Yacht Master................................	122-127
„ Extra Master of Yacht..........................	124
„ Failure in……………………………………………………...	20
O.
Officer’s service with requisite certificate........................	151
„ „ Limited Coast Trade.....................	146
Ordinary certificate, Foreign-going, qualifications..................	38-46
„ „ Limited Coast Trade, qualifications...........	62-77
„ „ Foreign-going, value of...................	37
„ „ Limited Coast Trade, value of...............	61, 71
P.
Partially smooth water service...............................	146
Physical infirmity.......................................	12
Pilot, definition of.......................................	3
„ service as……………………………………………………	41
„ vessels, service in.............................	159
„ signals...................................	Appendix H.
Ports where examinations are held.............................	Appendix A.
Promotion during voyage..................................	151
Provisional certificates....................................	130-132
Purser, service as........................................	150
Q.
Qualifications, Ordinary certificate, Foreign-going..................	38, 41, 44
„ Fore-and-aft certificate, Foreign-going..............	48
„ Steam-ship, certificate, Foreign-going..............	51, 54, 57
„ Ordinary certificate, Limited Coast Trade............	62, 65, 68, 72, 75

	Regulation.
Qualifications, Fore-and-aft certificate, Sub-grades A and B, Limited Coast
Trade.............	79
„ „ „ „ C, Limited Coast Trade.....................	82
„ „ „ „ D, Limited Coast Trade.....................	89
„ Steam-ship certificate, Limited Coast Trade..........................	93
„ Fore-and-aft certificate, River and Bay.............................	97, 99, 102
„ Steam-ship certificate, River and Bay..............................	105, 108, 110
R
Re-examination..........................................................	18, 191
Regulations for preventing collisions at sea........................................	Appendix G.
Relative value of certificates.................................................	3 and Schedule 3
Rivers, service on........................................................	146
Rocket apparatus.........................................................	Appendix I.
Royal Indian Marine.......................................................	155
„ Naval Reserve, Provisional certificate..............................	130-132
„ „ „ service in...................................	156
„ „ Volunteer Service, Efficiency certificate......................	129
„ Navy, service in............................................	155
Rule of the Road.........................................................	Appendix G.
S.
Sailmaker, service as......................................................	150
St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association...........................................	32
St. John’s Ambulance Association..............................................	32
St. Patrick’s Ambulance Association............................................	32
Schools for Nautical Training.................................................	166
Sea-going training ship, special regulations........................................	167
Sea service, rules for estimating...............................................	141-167
„ required on failure...........................................	21
„ „ for the various grades..................................	Appendices B. and C.
Seamanship, Foreign-going, 2nd Mate, Ordinary....................................	40
„ Foreign-going, 1st Mate, Ordinary................................	43
„ Foreign-going, Master, Ordinary.................................	46
„ Foreign-going, 2nd Mate, Steam-ships..............................	53
„ Foreign-going, 1st Mate, Steam-ships..............................	56
„ Foreign-going, Master, Steam-ships...............................	59
„ Limited Coast Trade, 2nd Mate, Sub-grade A, Ordinary	64
„ „ „ 1st Mate, Sub-grade A, Ordinary...................	67
„ „ „ Master, Sub-grade A, Ordinary....................	70
„ „ „ 1st Mate, Sub-grade B, Ordinary...................	74
„ „ „ Master, Sub-grade B, Ordinary....................	77
„ ” ” Fore-and-aft certificates.........................	80
„ „ „ Mate, Sub-grade C, Fore-and-aft....................	84
„ „ „ Master, Sub-grade C, Fore-and-aft..................	87
„ „ „ Master, Sub-grade D, Fore-and-aft..................	91
„ „ „ Steam-ship certificates..........................	94
„ River and Bay, Mate, Sub-grade A, Fore-and-Aft.......................	98
„ „ Master, Sub-grade A, Fore-and-aft........................	100
„ „ Master, Sub-grade B, Fore-and-aft........................	103
„ „ Steam-ship certificates, Sub-grades A and B.................	106
„ „ Mate, Sub-grade C, Steam-ships.........................	109
„ „ Master, Sub-grade C, Steam-ships........................	111
„ „ Extra Master......................................	116
„ „ Extra Master, Steam-ship..............................	119
„ British Yacht Master.........................................	123
„ Australian Yacht Master.......................................	128
Semaphore signalling......................................................	Appendix D.
Service insufficient.......................................................	17
„ certificates of..............................................	140
„ non-trading...............................................	145
Ship construction.........................................................	39, 42, 45, 115
Sight test..............................................................	33 and Schedule 4
Signalling, voluntary examination..............................................	134 and Appendix D
Sobriety, testimonial required.................................................	9
Square rigged service required, Foreign-going certificate...............................	36
„ „ „ Limited Coast Trade certificate.....................	62, 65, 68, 75

	Regulation
Square rigged vessel, definition of..................................	3
Steam-ship certificate, Foreign-going................................	50-59, 117-119
„ Limited Coast Trade...............................	92-94
„ River and Bay....................................	104-111
Steam, Voluntary examination....................................	135-139 and Appendix E.
Steward, service as............................................	150
Subjects of examination ........................................	4
Supplementary viva voce........................................	190

T.
Table of fees................................................	Schedule 1
„ exchange of certificates..............................	Schedule 2
„ places of examination...............................	Appendix A.
„ sea service......................................	Appendices B. and C.
„ colonial certificates.................................	Appendix K.
„ relative value of certificates...........................	Schedule 3
Testimonials................................................	6, 9, 148, 156, 166, 167
Text books.................................................	Appendix J.
Time and place of examinations...................................	5, 168, Appendix A.
Total service, Foreign-going certificate..............................	34
„ „ Limited Coast Trade certificate...................	60
„ „ River and Bay certificate.......................	95
Training ship, service in........................................	167
Tugs, service in..............................................	161
V.
Value of Ordinary certificate, Foreign-going...........................	37
„ Fore-and-aft certificate, Foreign-going....................	47
„ Steam certificate, Foreign-going........................	50
„ Ordinary certificate, Sub-grade A, Limited Coast Trade.........	61
„ Ordinary certificate, Sub-grade B, Limited Coast Trade.........	71
„ Fore-and-aft certificate, Sub-grade A and B, Limited Coast Trade...	78
„ „ „ „ „ C, Limited Coast Trade................	81
„ „ „ „ „ D, Limited Coast Trade................	88
„ Steam-ship certificate, Limited Coast Trade................	92
„ Fore-and-aft certificate, Sub-grade A, River and Bay..........	96
„ „ „ „ B, River and Bay..................	101
„ Steam-ship certificate, Sub-grade A and B, River and Bay.......	104
„ „ „ „ C, River and Bay..................	107
„ Extra Master’s certificate.............................	113
„ „ Steam-ship certificate.........................	117
„ Master’s certificate for British Yachts....................	120
„ „ „ Australian Yachts.........................	125
„ certificate of service................................	140
Verification of services.........................................	142, 143, 147, 151
W.
War Department vessels, service in.................................	161
Watch, charge of.............................................	154
Wireless operator, service as.....................................	150
Y.
Yachts, certificate for..........................................	120-128
„ service in.......................................	160

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