EXPLANATORY STATEMENT
National Health Act 1953
National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Amendment (No. 1) Determination 2023
PB 20 of 2023
Purpose
The purpose of the National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Amendment (No. 1) Determination 2023 (Amendment Determination) is to amend the National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Determination 2021 (Principal Determination) to specify new pharmaceutical benefits that may be supplied under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) without a prescription, subject to the conditions specified in the Principal Determination.
The Principal Determination permits an approved pharmacist to supply a substitute pharmaceutical benefit when the pharmaceutical benefit prescribed for the patient is the subject of a Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Serious Scarcity Substitution Instrument (SSSI).
The pharmaceutical benefits containing warfarin in the manner of administration oral have been subject to ongoing shortages since December 2022. In response, the TGA is working on issuing the Therapeutic Goods (Serious Scarcity and Substitutable Medicine) (Warfarin) Instrument 2023, which allows pharmacists to supply alternative strengths but not between different brands of oral warfarin at equivalent doses for the duration of the shortage provided specified conditions are met.
The purpose of the Amendment Determination is to allow PBS subsidisation of the arrangements that will be specified in the Therapeutic Goods (Serious Scarcity and Substitutable Medicine) (Warfarin) Instrument 2023. The Amendment Determination will specify alternative strengths and not brands of warfarin that can be supplied without a new prescription in accordance with the specifications and conditions outlined in the SSSI issued by the TGA. This minimises the burden on health care professionals and assists Australians with timely access to anticoagulant therapy.
The Amendment Determination permits the supply by an approved pharmacist of any one of the specified substitute pharmaceutical benefits containing the drug warfarin in the manner of administration oral in situations where the substitute benefit may be dispensed in accordance with section 30EL of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 and it is supplied:
- to a person with a PBS prescription for the specified form of warfarin subject to serious shortages;
- where it is not practicable to obtain a prescription from a PBS prescriber for the specified substitute pharmaceutical benefits before the person needs the supply of warfarin;
- by the pharmacist having disclosed information about additional costs to the patient or their agent to that they are able to make an informed decision before proceeding with the substitute supply; This includes the cost to the patient if the substitution is subsidised through the PBS and the cost to the patient if the substitution is a private prescription; and
- the substitute pharmaceutical benefit containing warfarin in the manner of administration oral is eligible for dispensing as a pharmaceutical benefit as outlined in this instrument.
In order for the specified substitute pharmaceutical benefits to be dispensed in accordance with section 30EL of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989, among other things the pharmacist must:
- advise the patient, or the person acting on behalf of the patient, of the number of dose units, in millilitres or milligrams as applicable, of the substitute medicine containing warfarin that must be taken to replace the prescribed pharmaceutical benefit and this must be calculated based on the TGA specified dose unit equivalence;
- where cutting of the tablet is required to obtain the correct dose of substitutable medicine—provided instructions to the patient, or person acting on behalf of the patient, for cutting the tablet;
- ensure that the patient, or person acting on behalf of the patient, has access to information to support them in administering the substitutable medicine(s); and
- counsel the patient regarding change of tablet colour when substituting between alternative strengths.
Authority
Subsection 89A(3) of the National Health Act 1953 (the Act) provides that the Minister may, by legislative instrument, determine the pharmaceutical benefits that may be supplied by an approved pharmacist without a prescription, and the conditions that must be satisfied when making a supply of those pharmaceutical benefits.
Commencement
The Amendment Determination commences on 17 March 2023.
Consultation
The Amendment Determination reflects the intention of previous consultation.
In relation to the Amendment Determination, consultation was undertaken with the Chair and relevant expert members of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC), an independent, expert advisory body that recommends medicines for listing on the PBS. Consultation with PBAC experts focused on specific advice about the appropriateness of PBS subsidisation for the Amendment Determination. The PBAC experts endorsed the proposed approach as it was considered that the substitution arrangement is necessary, with limited other options available for patients during the current shortage needing replacement as quickly as possible.
It is noted the Therapeutic Goods Administration conducted consultation on the appropriateness of the substitutions and consultation on this Amendment Determination was limited to the appropriateness of a PBS subsidy for the substitute medicines. No further consultation was deemed necessary, as consultation with the PBAC Chair drew on the knowledge of relevant experts.
The Amendment Determination is a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislation Act 2003.
A provision-by-provision description of the Amendment Determination is contained in the Attachment.
ATTACHMENT
Details of the National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Amendment (No. 1) Determination 2023
Section 1 Name
This section provides that the name of the Amendment Determination is the National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Amendment (No. 1) Determination 2023.
This section also provides that the Amendment Determination may be cited as PB 20 of 2023.
Section 2 Commencement
This section provides that the Amendment Determination commences on 17 March 2023.
Section 3 Authority
This section provides that the Amendment Determination is made under subsection 89A(3) of the National Health Act 1953.
Section 4 Schedules
This section provides that each instrument that is specified in a Schedule to this instrument is amended or repealed as set out in the applicable items in the Schedule concerned, and any other item in a Schedule to this instrument has effect according to its terms.
Schedule 1 - Amendments
National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Determination 2021
Item 1 – Subsection 5(8) (at the end of the table)
This item adds the following substitutions to the Schedule:
Prescribed pharmaceutical benefit (medicine subject to short supply) | Substitute pharmaceutical benefit (for the purposes of subsection 89A(3) of the National Health Act 1953, the pharmaceutical benefits that may be supplied without a prescription where the conditions in the Determination are met) |
Tablet containing warfarin sodium 5 mg (Coumadin) | Tablet containing warfarin sodium 1 mg (Coumadin) OR Tablet containing warfarin sodium 2 mg (Coumadin) |
Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights
Prepared in accordance with Part 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011
National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Amendment (No. 1) Determination 2023
This Disallowable legislative instrument is compatible with the human rights and freedoms recognised or declared in the international instruments listed in section 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011.
Overview of the Disallowable Legislative Instrument
The purpose of the National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Amendment (No. 1) Determination 2023 (Amendment Determination) is to amend the National Health (Pharmaceutical Benefits) (Pharmacist Substitution of Medicines without Prescription during Shortages) Determination 2021 (Principal Determination) to specify new pharmaceutical benefits that may be supplied under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme without a prescription, subject to the conditions specified in the Principal Determination.
The Determination permits an approved pharmacist to supply a substitute pharmaceutical benefit when the pharmaceutical benefit prescribed for the patient is the subject of a Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Serious Scarcity Substitution Instrument (SSSI).
The pharmaceutical benefits containing the drug warfarin in the manner of administration oral are currently subject to an SSSI (see the Therapeutic Goods (Serious Scarcity and Substitutable Medicine) (Warfarin) Instrument 2023).
The Amendment Determination specifies that different forms of oral warfarin at equivalent doses can be effectively substitutable at the pharmacy level without the need to obtain a new prescription from the prescriber at PBS subsidised prices for the duration of the TGA approval, where conditions in the Principal Determination are met and the supply is in accordance with section 30EL of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989.
This means that eligible patients accessing a substitute pharmaceutical benefit containing warfarin under these arrangements will be paying PBS co-payment rates for the supply and will not be out of pocket. This minimises the burden of this shortage on health care professionals by reducing the need for interdisciplinary consultations and assists Australians with timely and equitable access to anticoagulant therapy that is considerate of changing availabilities of warfarin products. It further bolsters the intended public health outcome of the serious shortage intervention by ensuring the substitution remains an affordable and practical alternative for patients.
Human rights implications
The Amendment Determination engages Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The Amendment Determination assists in the progressive realisation by all appropriate means of the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a benefit scheme which assists with providing subsidised access for people to medicines. This is a positive and supportive step towards attaining the highest standard of health for all Australians. Efficient operational arrangements for the PBS support effective administration of the scheme. The Amendment Determination assists in the progressive realisation by all appropriate means of the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health by ensuring that patients have continued access to their medicines while their supply is disrupted.
Conclusion
The Amendment Determination is compatible with human rights, as it promotes the protection of human rights.
Nikolai Tsyganov
Assistant Secretary
Pricing and PBS Policy Branch
Technology Assessment and Access Division
Department of Health and Aged Care