EXPLANATORY STATEMENT
Issued by the authority of the Minister for the Environment and Water
Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
List of Threatened Species Amendment (427) Instrument 2025
Legislative authority
The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) provides for the protection of the environment and conservation of biodiversity, including the protection and conservation of threatened species.
Subsection 178(1) of the EPBC Act provides that the Minister must, by legislative instrument, establish a list of threatened species separated into the following categories: Extinct, Extinct in the wild, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable and Conservation Dependent. This list referred to in subsection 178(1) of the EPBC Act is contained in the Declaration under s178, s181, and s183 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - List of threatened species, List of threatened ecological communities and List of threatening processes (the List).
Paragraph 184(a) of the EPBC Act relevantly provides that the Minister may, by legislative instrument, amend the List referred to in section 178 by including items within the List in accordance with Subdivision AA.
Paragraph 184(c) of the EPBC Act relevantly provides that the Minister may, by legislative instrument, amend the List referred to in section 178 by transferring items from one category in the list to another category in the list in accordance with Subdivision AA.
The species being included and transferred in the List met the criteria for listing in the Endangered and Critically Endangered category under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 (the Regulations).
Purpose of Instrument
The purpose of this Instrument is to amend the List by:
- Including the following species:
- Androcalva beeronensis in the Critically Endangered category.
- Androcalva inglewoodensis in the Critically Endangered category.
- Boronia grimshawii in the Critically Endangered category.
- Coleus insularis in the Critically Endangered category.
- Euastacus angustus in the Critically Endangered category.
- Euastacus guruhgi in the Critically Endangered category.
- Euastacus yigara in the Critically Endangered category.
- Aprasia aurita in the Endangered category.
- Cyphanthera scabrella in the Endangered category.
- Deyeuxia talariata in the Endangered category.
- Euastacus balanensis in the Endangered category.
- Euastacus fleckeri in the Endangered category.
- Euastacus maccai in the Endangered category.
- Euastacus mirangudjin in the Endangered category.
- Euastacus urospinosus in the Endangered category.
- Kunzea juniperoides subsp. pernervosa in the Endangered category.
- Thismia clavarioides in the Endangered category.
- Transferring the following species by deleting the species from the Endangered category in the List and including it in the Critically Endangered category in the List:
- Pezoporus occidentalis
Androcalva beeronensis is considered threatened due to inappropriate fire regimes, and climate change.
Androcalva inglewoodensis is considered threatened due to habitat loss and disturbance, climate change, and exotic and invasive species.
Aprasia aurita is considered threatened due to fire regimes that cause declines in biodiversity, human disturbance, and invasive species.
Boronia grimshawii is considered threatened due to habitat loss, disturbance and fragmentation, climate change, and exotic and invasive species.
Coleus insularis is considered threatened due to habitat loss, disturbance and fragmentation, climate change, and exotic and invasive species.
Cyphanthera scabrella is considered threatened due to climate change, fire regimes that cause decline in biodiversity, habitat loss, disturbance and infrastructure, invasive species, and disease.
Deyeuxia talariata is considered threatened due to habitat disturbance, fire regimes that cause declines in biodiversity, climate change, and invasive species.
Euastacus angustus is considered threatened due to climate change, illegal collection, invasive species, and disease.
Euastacus balanensis is considered threatened due to climate change, exploitation and exotic and invasive species.
Euastacus fleckeri is considered threatened due to climate change, exploitation and exotic and invasive species.
Euastacus guruhgi is considered threatened due to climate change and extreme weather, invasive species, illegal collection, and disease.
Euastacus maccai is considered threatened due to climate change, invasive species, exploitation, disease, and agriculture and aquaculture.
Euastacus mirangudjin is considered threatened due to climate change, illegal collection, invasive species, and disease.
Euastacus urospinosus is considered threatened due to climate change, agricultural land use, historical timber harvesting, problematic native species, exploitation, and exotic and invasive species.
Euastacus yigara is considered threatened due to climate change, changes to hydrology, exploitation, and exotic and invasive species.
Kunzea juniperoides subsp. pernervosa is considered threatened due to fire regimes that cause declines in biodiversity, human disturbance, genetic effects, climate change, and invasive species.
Pezoporus occidentalis is considered threatened due to invasive species, genetic and small population size effects, human disturbance, fire, climate change, mortality due to collision, and habitat loss, disturbance and modification.
Thismia clavarioides is considered threatened due to climate change, fire regimes that cause declines in biodiversity, and habitat loss, disturbance and modification.
Subsection 186(1) of the EPBC Act provides that the Minister must not include (whether as a result of a transfer or otherwise) a native species on the List in a particular category unless satisfied that the native species is eligible to be included in that category.
Subsection 186(2B) of the EPBC Act provides that in deciding whether to delete a native species from a particular category (whether as a result of a transfer or otherwise), the only matters the Minister may consider are matters relating to whether the native species is eligible to be included in that category or the effect that the inclusion of the native species in that category is having, or could have, on the survival of the species.
Subsection 179(3) of the EPBC Act provides that a native species is eligible to be included in the Critically Endangered category at a particular time if, at that time, it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future, as determined in accordance with the prescribed criteria.
Subsection 179(4) of the EPBC Act provides that a native species is eligible to be included in the Endangered category at a particular time if, at that time, it is not critically endangered and it is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future, as determined in accordance with the prescribed criteria.
Regulation 7.01 of the Regulations provides that for section 179 of the EPBC Act, a native species is in the Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable category if it meets any of the five criteria for the category mentioned in the table to that provision.
The Minister was satisfied that the requisite criteria was met for including Androcalva beeronensis, Androcalva inglewoodensis, Boronia grimshawii, Coleus insularis, Euastacus angustus, Euastacus guruhgi and Euastacus yigara in the Critically Endangered category in the List and including Aprasia aurita, Cyphanthera scabrella, Deyeuxia talariata, Euastacus balanensis, Euastacus fleckeri, Euastacus maccai , Euastacus mirangudjin , Euastacus urospinosus, Kunzea juniperoides subsp. pernervosa and Thismia clavarioides in the Endangered category in the List. The Minister was satisfied that the requisite criteria was met for transferring Pezoporus occidentalis from the Endangered to the Critically Endangered category within the List.
Consultation
The process for making amendments to the List to include or transfer an item is set out in Part 13, Division 1, Subdivision AA of the EPBC Act. Consultation was undertaken before the Instrument was made, in accordance with the processes outlined in Part 13, Division 1, Subdivision AA of the EPBC Act.
Notice of the proposed amendment and a consultation document was made available for public comment for a minimum of 30 business days as required by subsection 194M(3) of the EPBC Act. Any public comments received that were relevant to the survival of the species were considered by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (Committee) as part of the assessment process.
The Committee prepared a written assessment of whether the nominated species was eligible for inclusion in the List. The Committee assessed Androcalva beeronensis, Androcalva inglewoodensis, Boronia grimshawii, Coleus insularis, Euastacus angustus, Euastacus guruhgi and Euastacus yigara as eligible for inclusion in the Critically Endangered category in the List. The Committee assessed Aprasia aurita, Cyphanthera scabrella, Deyeuxia talariata, Euastacus balanensis, Euastacus fleckeri, Euastacus maccai, Euastacus mirangudjin, Euastacus urospinosus, Kunzea juniperoides subsp. pernervosa and Thismia clavarioides as eligible for inclusion in the Endangered category in the List. The Committee assessed Pezoporus occidentalis as eligible for transfer from the Endangered to the Critically Endangered category within the List.
In making this Instrument, the Minister considered the Committee’s written assessment and any comments received during the consultation period in accordance with Part 13, Division 1, Subdivision AA of the EPBC Act.
Given the extensive consultation undertaken on the proposed listing contained in the Instrument, it was not necessary to consult on the text of the Instrument itself.
Details/ Operation
Details of the Instrument are set out in Attachment A.
Other
The Instrument is compatible with the human rights and freedoms recognised or declared under section 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011. A full statement of compatibility is set out in Attachment B.
The Instrument is an amendment instrument made under section 184 of the Act. It is a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislation Act 2003 (Legislation Act).
The Instrument commences the day after registration.
Sunsetting and disallowance requirements
The Instrument is subject to the disallowance process under section 42 of the Legislation Act and the sunsetting regime set out in Part 4 of Chapter 3 of the Legislation Act. However, section 48A of the Legislation Act has the effect that, because the Instrument only amends another instrument, if it is not disallowed it will be automatically repealed at the end of the disallowance period. Once repealed, the sunsetting regime has no practical effect on the Instrument.
The List amended by the Instrument is exempt from sunsetting in accordance with table item 24 in section 12 of the Legislation (Exemptions and Other Matters) Regulation 2015, which specifies that sunsetting requirements do not apply to instruments made under section 178, 181 or 183 of the EPBC Act. This sunsetting exemption has applied to the List since the sunsetting regime was established by the Legislation Act on 1 January 2005. This means that the amendments given effect by the Instrument will be enduring.
The List is not appropriate for sunsetting, to ensure threatened species have ongoing regulatory protection under the EPBC Act. Species on the list may be threatened beyond 10 years and require continued protection through conservation advice, recovery plans and the assessment and approval processes under the EPBC Act. Amendments are made to the list following a stringent statutory review process set out in the EPBC Act, which provides an appropriate review mechanism to ensure the currency and accuracy of the List.
ATTACHMENT A
Details of the List of Threatened Species Amendment (427) Instrument 2025
Section 1 – Name
This section provides that the title of the instrument is the List of Threatened Species Amendment (427) Instrument 2025 (the Instrument).
Section 2 – Commencement
This section provides that the Instrument commences on the day after it is registered.
Section 3 – Authority
This section provides that the Instrument is made under section 184 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
Section 4 – Schedules
This section is a machinery clause which provides that the Declaration under s178, s181, and s183 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - List of threatened species, List of threatened ecological communities and List of threatening processes (Principal Instrument) is amended as set out in the applicable items in Schedule 1, and any other item in Schedule 1 to the Instrument has effect according to its terms.
Schedule 1- Amendments
Item 1 – In the appropriate position under the heading “SPECIES THAT ARE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED”
Item 1 amends the list under the heading “SPECIES THAT ARE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED” to include in the appropriate position each of the following species:
- Androcalva beeronensis
- Androcalva inglewoodensis
- Boronia grimshawii
- Coleus insularis
- Euastacus angustus
- Euastacus guruhgi
- Euastacus yigara
- Pezoporus occidentalis
Item 2 – In the appropriate position under the heading “SPECIES THAT ARE ENDANGERED”
Item 2 amends the list under the heading “SPECIES THAT ARE ENDANGERED” to omit in the appropriate position the following species:
- Pezoporus occidentalis
Item 3 – In the appropriate position under the heading “SPECIES THAT ARE ENDANGERED”
Item 3 amends the list under the heading “SPECIES THAT ARE ENDANGERED” to include in the appropriate position each of the following species:
- Aprasia aurita
- Cyphanthera scabrella
- Deyeuxia talariata
- Euastacus balanensis
- Euastacus fleckeri
- Euastacus maccai
- Euastacus mirangudjin
- Euastacus urospinosus
- Kunzea juniperoides subsp. pernervosa
- Thismia clavarioides
ATTACHMENT B
Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights
Prepared in accordance with Part 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011
List of Threatened Species Amendment (427) Instrument 2025
This Legislative Instrument is compatible with the human rights and freedoms recognised or declared in the international instruments listed in section 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011.
Overview of the Legislative Instrument
The purpose of this Legislative Instrument is to amend the Declaration under s178, s181, and s183 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 - List of threatened species, List of threatened ecological communities and List of threatening processes (the List) to:
- include Androcalva beeronensis in the Critically Endangered category; and
- include Androcalva inglewoodensis in the Critically Endangered category; and
- include Boronia grimshawii in the Critically Endangered category; and
- include Coleus insularis in the Critically Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus angustus in the Critically Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus guruhgi in the Critically Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus yigara in the Critically Endangered category; and
- include Aprasia aurita in the Endangered category; and
- include Cyphanthera scabrella in the Endangered category; and
- include Deyeuxia talariata in the Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus balanensis in the Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus fleckeri in the Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus maccai in the Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus mirangudjin in the Endangered category; and
- include Euastacus urospinosus in the Endangered category; and
- include Kunzea juniperoides subsp. pernervosa in the Endangered category; and
- include Thismia clavarioides in the Endangered category; and
- transfer Pezoporus occidentalis from the Endangered to the Critically Endangered category.
The species being included and transferred in the List met the criteria for listing in the relevant category under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000.
Human rights implications
This Legislative Instrument does not engage any of the applicable rights or freedoms.
Conclusion
This Legislative Instrument is compatible with human rights as it does not raise any human rights issues.
Senator the Hon Murray Watt
Minister for the Environment and Water