Health Insurance (Quality Assurance Confidentiality) Amendment Act 1992

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No. 201 of 1992

An Act to amend the Health Insurance Act 1973 in relation to quality assurance activities in connection with the provision of health services

[Assented to 21 December 1992]

The Parliament of Australia enacts:

Short title etc.

1.(1) This Act may be cited as the Health Insurance (Quality Assurance Confidentiality) Amendment Act 1992.

(2) In this Act, “Principal Act” means the Health Insurance Act 19731.

Commencement

2. This Act commences on the day on which it receives the Royal Assent.

3. After Part VB of the Principal Act the following Part is inserted.

“PART VC—QUALITY ASSURANCE CONFIDENTIALITY

Object of this Part

“106J.(1) The object of this Part is to encourage efficient quality assurance activities in connection with the provision of certain health services.

“(2) For the purpose of achieving that object, this Part contains provisions:

(a) prohibiting:

(i) the disclosure of information that became known solely as a result of those activities; or

(ii) the production to a court of a document that was brought into existence solely for the purposes of those activities; and

(b) protecting certain persons engaging in those activities in good faith from civil liability in respect of the activities.

Interpretation

“106K.(1) In this Part, unless the contrary intention appears:

‘authority’, in relation to the disclosure of information, means an authority given by the Minister under section 106N that is in force when the disclosure takes place;

‘court’ includes a tribunal, authority or person having power to require the production of documents or the answering of questions;

‘declared quality assurance activity’ means a quality assurance activity in respect of which a declaration by the Minister under section 106L is in force when the activity is engaged in;

‘disclose’, in relation to information, means give, reveal, or communicate in any way;

‘health service’ includes any administrative or other service related to a health service;

‘person’, except in the reference to another person in section 106Q, includes a committee or other body of persons, whether incorporated or unincorporated, and includes a member of such a committee or other body;

‘produce’ includes permit access to;

‘quality’, in relation to health services provided by a person, includes the practices of the person in providing the services or the competence of the person to provide the services;

‘quality assurance activity’ means:

(a) an assessment or evaluation of the quality, or a study of the incidence or causes of conditions or circumstances that may affect the quality, of health services provided by a person, whether before or after the commencement of this Part, being:

(i) services in respect of which payments were made, or that are or would be eligible for payments, under Part II, III or IV; or

(ii) services relating to the prescribing of pharmaceutical products in respect of which payments were made, or that are or would be eligible for payments, under Division 3 of Part VII of the National Health Act 1953; or

(b) the making of a recommendation about the provision of those services as a result of such an assessment, evaluation or study; or

‘serious offence’ means an offence punishable by imprisonment for a period of more than one year.

“(2) For the purposes of this Part:

(a) information about a matter is not taken to have become known merely because of the existence or dissemination of suspicions, allegations or rumours about that matter; and

(b) information may be taken to have become known solely as a result of a declared quality assurance activity even though it was previously known to a person whose actions have been or are being investigated by the persons engaging in the quality assurance activity.

Minister may declare quality assurance activity to be an activity to which this Part applies

“106L.(1) The Minister may, by signed writing, declare a quality assurance activity described in the declaration to be a quality assurance activity to which this Part applies.

“(2) A declaration may describe a quality assurance activity in any way, including any one or more of the following ways:

(a) by reference to the nature of the activity;

(b) by reference to a person who is engaging or proposes to engage in the activity;

“(3) The Minister must not make a declaration in respect of a quality assurance activity unless the Minister is satisfied that:

(a) any person who is engaging, or proposes to engage, in the activity is authorised to do so:

(i) under a law of the Commonwealth, of a State or of a Territory; or

(ii) by, or by an authority of, the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory; or

(iii) by a body that provides health care; or

(iv) by an educational institution; or

(v) by a body established wholly or partly for the purposes of research; or

(vi) by an association of health professionals; or

(vii) by any other prescribed body; and

(b) it is in the public interest, having regard to such criteria as are prescribed by the regulations, that this Part should apply to the activity.

“(4) A declaration, unless sooner revoked, ceases to be in force at the end of 5 years after the instrument of declaration was signed, but this subsection does not prevent the Minister from making a further declaration in respect of the same activity.

Information about declared quality assurance activity not to be disclosed

“106M.(1) Subject to this section, a person who acquires any information that became known solely as a result of a declared quality assurance activity, whether the person acquired the information in the course of engaging in that activity, as a result of a disclosure under section 106N or in any other way, must not, except for the purposes of that activity or in accordance with an authority given by the Minister, directly or indirectly make a record of that information or disclose that information to another person or to a court.

Penalty: Imprisonment for 2 years.

“(2) Subject to this section, a person cannot be required:

(a) to produce to a court a document that was brought into existence solely for the purposes of a declared quality assurance activity; or

(b) to disclose to a court any information that became known solely as a result of such an activity;

except when it is necessary to produce the document or disclose the information for the purposes of this Part.

“(3) Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to information that does not identify, either expressly or by implication, a particular individual or particular individuals.

“(4) Subsection (2) does not apply to a document that does not identify, either expressly or by implication, a particular individual or particular individuals.

“(5) This section does not prohibit a disclosure of information if the person, or each of the persons, who would be directly or indirectly

identified by the disclosure consents to that disclosure of the information.

“(6) This section does not prohibit the disclosure of information to the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Minister to decide whether to authorise the disclosure of the information under section 106N.

“(7) If a quality assurance activity ceases to be a declared quality assurance activity, this section nevertheless continues to apply in respect of information that became known, or a document that was brought into existence, at a time when the activity was a declared quality assurance activity.

Minister may authorise disclosure of information about a serious offence

“106N.(1) If it appears to the Minister that information that became known after the commencement of this Part solely as a result of a declared quality assurance activity relates to conduct, whether the conduct took place before or after that commencement, that may have been a serious offence against a law (whether written or unwritten) in force in any State or Territory, the Minister may, by signed writing, authorise the information to be disclosed in a way stated in the instrument of authority for the purposes of law enforcement, a Royal Commission or any other prescribed purpose.

“(2) Subsection (1) does not permit the Minister to authorise the disclosure of information of a non-factual nature (such as statements of opinion) unless the information consists only of matter contained in a report prepared by a person who engaged in the quality assurance activity.

Declarations to be disallowable instruments

“106P. An instrument of declaration made under section 106L is a disallowable instrument for the purposes of section 46A of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.

Immunity from suit of members of assessment or evaluation committees

“106Q.(1) If:

(a) a person (‘the relevant person’) engages in any conduct in good faith in connection with a declared quality assurance activity; and

(b) the conduct adversely affects any right or interest of another person, being a person who provides health services; and

(c) the relevant person engages in the conduct as a member of a committee for the purposes of the making of an assessment or evaluation of services provided by that other person; and

(d) all or a majority of the members of the committee are health

professionals belonging to the same health profession as that other person;

no action, suit or other civil proceeding, other than a proceeding in respect of a breach of the rules of law relating to procedural fairness that is alleged to have occurred in the course of that conduct, may be brought by the other person against the relevant person in respect of that conduct.

“(2) If, after the conduct ceased to be engaged in, the relevant quality assurance activity ceases to be a declared quality assurance activity, this section nevertheless continues to apply in respect of the conduct.

This Part is to complement corresponding State and Territory laws

“106R. If:

(a) a committee of persons is authorised by a law of a State or Territory to engage in a quality assurance activity; and

(b) a law of that State or Territory (‘the relevant State or Territory law’) that has the same general purpose as this Part would, if this Part had not been enacted, apply to the persons who are members of that committee in respect of that activity;

it is the intention of the Parliament that this Part is not to exclude or affect the operation of the relevant State or Territory law and this Part applies to those persons in respect of that activity only to the extent to which the relevant State or Territory law would not otherwise apply.”.

NOTE

1. No. 42, 1974, as amended. For previous amendments, see No. 58, 1975; Nos. 59, 91, 101, 109 and 157, 1976; No. 75, 1977; Nos. 36, 89 and 133, 1978; Nos. 53 and 123, 1979; No. 132, 1980; Nos. 118 and 176, 1981; Nos. 49, 80 and 112, 1982; Nos. 54 and 139, 1983; Nos. 15, 46, 63, 120, 135 and 165, 1984; Nos. 24, 65, 70, 95 and 167, 1985; Nos. 28, 75 and 94, 1986; Nos. 44, 131, 132 and 141, 1987; Nos. 85, 87, 99 and 155, 1988; Nos. 59, 84, 95 and 164, 1989; Nos. 3, 106 and 141, 1990; Nos. 6, 57, 68, 70, 73, 84, 116, 141, 171, 172, 175, 190, 193 and 211, 1991; and Nos. 88 and 94, 1992.

[Minister’s second reading speech made in—

House of Representatives on 4 November 1992

Senate on 11 November 1992]

Overview

The Health Insurance (Quality Assurance Confidentiality) Amendment Act 1992 was enacted to address the need for confidentiality in quality assurance activities related to health services in Australia. This Act, assented to on 21 December 1992, amends the Health Insurance Act 1973 and was introduced by the Parliament of Australia. Its policy objective is to foster efficient quality assurance activities by prohibiting the disclosure of information obtained solely through such activities and by protecting individuals engaged in these activities from civil liability when acting in good faith. The Act seeks to balance the need for transparency and accountability in health services with the necessity to maintain confidentiality to encourage open and honest assessments and evaluations without fear of repercussions.

Scope and Application

The Health Insurance (Quality Assurance Confidentiality) Amendment Act 1992 amends the Health Insurance Act 1973 to introduce provisions that encourage efficient quality assurance activities in connection with the provision of health services. This Act applies to activities such as the assessment, evaluation, and study of the quality of health services, including services in respect of which payments are made under the Principal Act, or those related to the prescribing of pharmaceutical products. These activities are deemed "quality assurance activities," and the Act extends to individuals and entities authorised to engage in such activities under Commonwealth, state, or territory laws, or by other prescribed bodies. The Act's geographic reach is nationwide, applying to the entire Commonwealth of Australia. However, the Act explicitly excludes information that does not identify particular individuals, and it does not prohibit disclosures if the affected individuals consent. The Minister has the authority to declare certain quality assurance activities as those to which this Part applies and to authorise the disclosure of information related to serious offences for purposes such as law enforcement or Royal Commissions. The Act also provides immunity from civil liability for members of assessment or evaluation committees engaging in their roles in good faith. Subordinate instruments may extend or restrict the application of this Act.

Key Provisions

The Health Insurance (Quality Assurance Confidentiality) Amendment Act 1992, which is an amendment to the Health Insurance Act 1973, introduces specific provisions to protect the confidentiality of quality assurance activities related to health services. The key provisions include the introduction of Part VC, which outlines the object of the Act (section 106J), defines key terms (section 106K), and details the process for declaring quality assurance activities (section 106L). It also sets out strict rules against the disclosure of information obtained from these activities (section 106M), provides for the potential authorisation of such disclosures in certain circumstances (section 106N), and protects members of assessment or evaluation committees from civil liability for their good faith actions (section 106Q). Under this Act, the Minister has the authority to declare a quality assurance activity to which the provisions of this Part will apply (section 106L). This declaration is subject to certain conditions, including that the activity is authorised by appropriate bodies and that it is in the public interest. The Act also stipulates that any information acquired as a result of these declared activities must not be disclosed or recorded unless for the purposes of the activity itself or as authorised by the Minister (section 106M). Additionally, the Minister may authorise the disclosure of such information if it pertains to a serious offence, for purposes such as law enforcement or a Royal Commission (section 106N). The Act imposes several obligations on the parties involved. Firstly, individuals or entities engaged in declared quality assurance activities must ensure that any information obtained during these activities remains confidential and is not disclosed without proper authority. Secondly, the Minister is tasked with overseeing the declaration of quality assurance activities and deciding whether to authorise the disclosure of information related to serious offences. Thirdly, members of assessment or evaluation committees are granted immunity from civil suits arising from their good faith activities, provided certain conditions are met (section 106Q). There are significant consequences for breaches of the Act. The unauthorised disclosure of information obtained from declared quality assurance activities is punishable by imprisonment for up to two years (section 106M). Furthermore, the Minister’s declarations and authorities are subject to disallowance, meaning they can be challenged in Parliament (section 106P). The Act also intends to complement corresponding State and Territory laws, ensuring that its provisions do not exclude or affect the operation of state laws with similar objectives (section 106R).

Area of Law: Health Law
Instrument: Act
Concepts: Definitions & Interpretation; Prohibited Conduct; Protection from Liability; Ministerial Powers

Interactions

Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation at 26 August 2026. For the latest information on Australian Government law please go to https://www.legislation.gov.au.

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