EXPLANATORY STATEMENT
Comptroller‑General of Customs (Places of Detention – Norfolk Island) Directions 2016
Customs Act 1901 (NI)
Subsection 219ZJE(1) of the Customs Act 1901 (NI) provides that the Comptroller‑General of Customs must, by legislative instrument, give directions in writing under that subsection:
(a) identifying places at which an officer is permitted to detain a person under this Division (whether by their character under this Act, the amenities available at the places or any other matters); and
(b) specifying such other matters relating to the detention of persons under this Division as the Comptroller‑General of Customs considers appropriate.
Background
From 1 July 2016, the Australian Government will integrate Norfolk Island with mainland tax and social security systems, and will commence delivering essential national functions such as immigration, biosecurity and customs.
The Norfolk Island Customs Ordinance 2016, made under section 19A of the Norfolk Island Act 1979, applies a modified version of the Customs Act 1901 to Norfolk Island except to the extent that they purport to deal with duties of customs. This is consistent with the operation of customs laws in the Indian Ocean Territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Application of the Customs Act 1901 and associated regulations maintains a customs border that is required to give effect to the Australian Government reforms outlined above. The modified version of the Customs Act 1901 is cited as the Customs Act 1901 (NI) (the NI Customs Act).
Division 1BA of the NI Customs Act allows an officer of Customs to detain a person if:
1) the person is in a designated place; and the officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that the person has committed, or is committing, or intends to commit a serious Commonwealth offence or a prescribed State or Territory offence; or
2) the person is in a designated place; the officer has reasonable grounds to suspect that the person intends to leave the designated place; and either:
a) there is a warrant for the arrest of the person in relation to a Commonwealth offence or a prescribed State or Territory offence; or
b) the person is on bail subject to a condition that the person not leave Australia and the bail relates to a Commonwealth offence or a prescribed State or Territory offence (new subsection 219ZJC(1) of the NI Customs Act refers);
3) the person is in a designated place and the officer is satisfied on reasonable grounds that the person is, or is likely to be, involved in an activity that is a threat to national security or the security of a foreign country.
“Designated place” is defined in subsection 4(1) of the NI Customs Act to mean:
a) appointed ports, airports, wharves or boarding stations; or
b) places that are subject to certain permissions given under the NI Customs Act; or
c) a section 234AA place that is not a place, or a part of a place, covered by paragraph (a) or (b).
Section 219ZJD provides that an officer may, in relation to a person detained under Division 1BA:
a) conduct a frisk search or an ordinary search of the person; and
b) search the clothing that the person is wearing and any property under the person's immediate control, if the officer believes on reasonable grounds that it is necessary to do so;
for the purposes of:
a) determining whether there is concealed on the person, or in the person's clothing or property, a weapon or other thing capable of being used to inflict bodily injury or to assist the person to escape from detention; or
b) in the case of a person detained under section 219ZJB—preventing the concealment, loss or destruction of evidence of, or relating to, the offence concerned; or
c) in the case of a person detained under section 219ZJCA—preventing the concealment, loss or destruction of material of interest for national security or the security of a foreign country.
Item 1 of the Comptroller‑General of Customs (Places of Detention – Norfolk Island) Directions 2016 (the Directions) provide that a person must be detained in a room that meets certain standards or if no such room is convenient and suitable, an Australian Border Force vehicle.
Since there may be some distance between the initial place of detention and the room or vehicle, it may be necessary to search the person under section 219ZJD of the NI Customs Act before they are taken to the room or vehicle. Item 2 of the Direction provides that for the purposes of paragraph 219ZJE(1)(b) of the NI Customs Act, if an officer of Customs conducts a search under section 219ZJD before taking a person to place mentioned in item 1 of the Direction, the officer conducting the search must afford the detainee as much personal privacy as the circumstances of the search allow.
These Directions are the same as the Directions that apply on the mainland in relation to the same subject matter.
Consultation
No consultation was undertaken under section 17 of the Legislation Act 2003 before the Directions were made as they are of a minor or machinery nature and do not substantially alter existing arrangements.
Commencement
The Directions commence on 1 July 2016.
Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights
(Prepared in accordance with Part 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011)
Comptroller‑General of Customs (Places of Detention) Directions 2016 made pursuant to section 183UC of the Customs Act 1901 (NI)
This legislative instrument is compatible with the human rights and freedoms recognised or declared in the international instruments listed in the definition of human rights in section 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011.
Overview of the legislative instrument
The Comptroller‑General of Customs (Places of Detention – Norfolk Island) Directions 2016 (the Directions) are made for the purpose of subsection 219ZJE(1) of the Customs Act 1901 (NI) (NI Customs Act). This subsection provides that the Comptroller‑General of Customs must, by legislative instrument, give directions in writing under that subsection:
a) identifying places at which an officer is permitted to detain a person under this Division 1BA (whether by their character under this Act, the amenities available at the places or any other matters); and
b) specifying such other matters relating to the detention of persons under this Division as the Comptroller-General of Customs considers appropriate.
Item 1 of the Directions provides that, for the purposes of paragraph 219ZJE(1)(a) of the NI Customs Act, a person must be detained in a room that meets certain standards or if no such room is convenient and suitable, an Australian Border Force vehicle.
Since there may be some distance between the initial place of detention and the room or vehicle, it may be necessary to search the person under section 219ZJD of the NI Customs Act before they are taken to the room or vehicle. Item 2 of the Direction provides that for the purposes of paragraph 219ZJE(1)(b) of the NI Customs Act, if an officer of Customs conducts a search under section 219ZJD before taking a person to place mentioned in item 1 of the Direction, the officer conducting the search must afford the detainee as much personal privacy as the circumstances of the search allow.
The Directions commence on 1 July 2016.
Human Rights implications
The Regulation engages the human rights which are identified below:
Right to Humane Treatment in Detention
Article 10(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) provides that all persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person.
Right to Privacy
Article 17 of the ICCPR prohibits unlawful or arbitrary interferences with a person’s privacy. It also prohibits unlawful attacks on a person’s honour and reputation. It provides that persons have the right to protection of the law against such interference or attacks. An interference with privacy will not be arbitrary if it is authorised by law or consistent with the provisions, aims and objectives of the ICCPR and reasonable in the circumstances. Reasonableness in this context incorporates notions of proportionality, appropriateness and necessity.
The Directions engage both Article 10 and 17 of the ICCPR and promote both rights.
Item 1 of the Directions prescribes standards with respect to detention places. These places and standards promote the right to humane treatment in detention as they ensure that a detention place is a separate room and that persons inside a detention place are concealed from the view of persons outside, the place is secured against unauthorised access and the place has reasonably comfortable ventilation and illumination.
Item 1 of the Directions also promotes the detainee’s right to privacy as they ensure that the detainee is concealed from the view of other persons. Item 2 also promotes the detainee’s right to privacy as it requires the officer conducting the search to afford the detainee as much personal privacy as the circumstances of the search allow.
Conclusion
The Directions are compatible with human rights because it is consistent with Australia’s human rights obligations and promotes human rights.
Comptroller‑General of Customs