Appointment of Commissioner for the commission of inquiry into deaths of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in custody

Administered by Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet

Legislation au C2004Q00981 In force Prerogative Instrument

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COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

ELIZABETH THE SECOND, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth:

TO:

THE HONOURABLE DANIEL JOHN O’DEA:

GREETING:

WE DO by these Our Letters Patent issued in Our name by Our Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia on the advice of the Federal Executive Council and pursuant to the Constitution of Australia, the Royal Commissions Act 1902 and every other enabling power, appoint you to be a Commissioner to inquire into:

(a) deaths:

(i) in the State of Western Australia; and

(ii) where in a particular case, or any particular cases, you are so requested by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the original Commission - elsewhere in Australia;

 since 1 January 1980 of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders (including any such death that may occur after the date of these Our Letters patent) whilst in police custody, in prison or in any other place of detention, but not including such a death occuring in a hospital, mental institution, infirmary or medical treatment centre unless injuries suffered while in police custody, in prison or in any other place caused or contributed to that death; and

(b) any subsequent action taken in respect of each of those deaths including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the conduct of coronial, police and other inquiries and any other things that were not done but ought to have been done:

AND We direct you:

(c) to consult generally with the Honourable James Henry Muirhead with regard to the methods and procedures to be followed in relation to his and your inquiries; and

(d) to conform with any guidelines issued or recommendations made by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the original Commission in relation to those methods and procedures;

for the purpose of establishing a uniform approach in relation to those inquiries:

AND We further direct you if so requested by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the original Commission:

(e) to undertake inquiry into a particular death specified in the request; or

(f) not to undertake inquiry, or further inquiry, into a particular death, as specified in the request:

AND We further direct you, when so requested by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the original Commission, whether before or after the submission of your reports but not later than 31 December 1990, to consult with him in relation to the preparation of his report or reports and recommendations under that Commission:

AND We declare that you are authorised to conduct your inquiry into any matters under these Our Letters Patent in combination with any inquiry into the same or related matters that you are directed or authorised to make by any Commission issued, or pursuant to any order or appointment made, by any of Our Governors of the States or under the law of the Northern Territory of Australia:

AND We further declare that in these Our Letters Patent, the expression “original Commission” means the commission of inquiry issued on 16 October 1987 by Our Administrator of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia by Letters Patent (as subsequently varied) to the Honourable James Henry Muirhead:

AND We require you as expeditiously as practicable to make your inquiry and, not later than 30 September 1990 or such later date as We may be pleased to fix, to furnish to the Honourable James Henry Muirhead for his consideration and for furnishing by him to Our Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia under the original Commission:

(g) as soon as practicable after the completion of you inquiry into a particular death, a report of your findings in relation to that death; and

(h) upon completion of your inquiry into the several deaths in accordance with these our Letters Patent, a report of any other findings of your inquiry and such recommendations (if any) as you consider appropriate.

WITNESS His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, a member of Her Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, Knight of the Order of Australia, Knight Grand Cross of The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of The Royal Victorian Order, Knight Commander of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire and Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia.

Dated this 27 day of October 1988

Governor-General

By His Excellency’s Command,

Prime Minister

Overview

The Royal Commissions Act 1902 provides the legal framework for the establishment of Royal Commissions in Australia, enabling the Commonwealth Government to investigate matters of significant public concern. The enactment of Letters Patent in 1988 by the Governor-General on the advice of the Federal Executive Council, under the authority of the Royal Commissions Act 1902, appointed the Honourable Daniel John O’Dea as a Commissioner to investigate the deaths of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in custody since 1980. This commission was intended to address the significant gap in the handling of such deaths, ensuring a thorough and uniform approach to investigations and recommendations, aiming to bring transparency and accountability to these critical matters.

Scope and Application

The Letters Patent issued under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia appoints the Honourable Daniel John O’Dea as a Commissioner to conduct inquiries into specific deaths of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders occurring in police custody, in prison, or in any other place of detention since 1 January 1980, with a notable exclusion of deaths in hospitals, mental institutions, infirmaries, or medical treatment centres unless caused or contributed to by injuries suffered in police custody, in prison, or in any other place of detention. The scope of the inquiry extends to the State of Western Australia and potentially to other parts of Australia, as requested by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead, who holds the original Commission. The Commissioner is tasked with investigating not only the deaths but also any subsequent actions taken in respect of these deaths, including the conduct of coronial, police, and other inquiries. The Commissioner must adhere to guidelines and recommendations issued by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead and is authorised to combine this inquiry with any related inquiries under other commissions or laws. The Commissioner is required to submit reports on their findings and recommendations to the Honourable James Henry Muirhead by 30 September 1990 or any later date specified by the Queen.

Key Provisions

The main operative sections of this legislation, issued in the form of Letters Patent, establish the appointment of a Commissioner to investigate specific deaths and subsequent actions taken in relation to those deaths (sections (a) and (b)). The Commissioner is appointed to inquire into deaths of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in police custody, prison or any other place of detention since 1 January 1980, excluding those occurring in hospitals, mental institutions, infirmaries, or medical treatment centres, unless injuries sustained in police custody contributed to the death. The Commissioner's inquiry covers both deaths in the State of Western Australia and elsewhere in Australia, upon request by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead. The Commissioner is also tasked with reporting on the conduct of coronial, police, and other inquiries and any omissions that should have been addressed. The obligations imposed on the parties governed by this Act are primarily on the Commissioner, who must consult with the Honourable James Henry Muirhead regarding methods and procedures, conform to any guidelines or recommendations made under the original Commission, and adhere to specific timelines for reporting. The Commissioner must expeditiously conduct the inquiry and submit findings and recommendations to the Honourable James Henry Muirhead by 30 September 1990 or another date fixed by the Governor-General. Furthermore, the Commissioner is authorised to combine the inquiry under these Letters Patent with any other related inquiries. The legislation outlines potential civil or criminal consequences for non-compliance with the Commissioner’s obligations. While specific penalties are not stated within the Letters Patent, failure to adhere to the directives could potentially lead to legal repercussions under applicable laws governing breaches of royal commission mandates or similar administrative processes. The Commissioner’s role is crucial, and any deviation from the outlined procedures could impact the integrity and outcomes of the investigation. The overarching aim is to ensure a thorough and uniform approach to the inquiry, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the deaths and related actions, thereby contributing to potential policy or procedural reforms.

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Area of Law
Indigenous Peoples & Native Title Law
Instrument
Prerogative instrument
Concepts
Definitions & Interpretation
Consultation Requirements
Reporting & Disclosure Obligations

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Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation at 26 August 2026. For the latest information on Australian Government law please go to https://www.legislation.gov.au.