Appointment of Commissioner for the commission of inquiry into deaths of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in custody

Administered by Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet

Legislation au C2004Q00974 In force Prerogative Instrument

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COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA

ELIZABETH THE SECOND, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth:

TO:

THE HONOURABLE JOHN HALDEN WOOTTEN, QC

GREETING:

We DO by these Our Letters Patent issued in Our name by Our Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia on the advice of the Federal Executive Council and pursuant to the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Royal Commissions Act 1902 and every other enabling power, appoint you to be a Commissioner to inquire into:

(a) deaths:

(i) in the States of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania; and

(ii) where in a particular case, or any particular cases, you are so requested by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the existing Commission - elsewhere in Australia;

 since 1 January 1980 of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders (including any such death that may occur after the date of these Our Letters Patent) whilst in police custody, in prison or in any other place of detention, but not including such a death occurring in a hospital, mental institution, infirmary or medical treatment centre unless injuries suffered while in police custody, in prison or in any other place of detention caused or contributed to that death; and

(b) any subsequent action taken in respect of each of those deaths including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the conduct of coronial, police and other inquiries and any other things that were not done but ought to have been done:

AND We direct you:

(c) to consult generally with the Honourable James Henry Muirhead with regard to the methods and procedures to be followed in relation to his and your inquiries; and

(d) to conform with any guidelines issued or recommendations made by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the existing Commission in relation to those methods and procedures;

for the purpose of establishing a uniform approach in relation to those inquiries:

AND We further direct you if so requested by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the existing Commission:

(e) to undertake inquiry into a particular death specified in the request; or

(f) not to undertake inquiry, or further inquiry, into a particular death, as specified in the request:

AND We further direct you, when so requested by the Honourable James Henry Muirhead under the existing Commission, whether before or after the submission of your reports but not later than 31 December 1989, to consult with him in relation to the preparation of his report or reports and recommendations under that Commission:

AND We declare that you are authorised to conduct your inquiry into any matters under these Our Letters Patent in combination with any inquiry into the same or related matters that you are directed or authorised to make by any Commission issued, or pursuant to any order or appointment made, by any of Our Governors of the States or under the law of the Northern Territory of Australia:

AND We further declare that in these Our Letters Patent, the expression “existing Commission” means the commission of inquiry issued on 16 October 1987 by Our Administrator of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia by Letters Patent (as subsequently varied on 21 December 1987) to the Honourable James Henry Muirhead:

AND We require you as expeditiously as practicable to make your inquiry and, not later than 30 June 1989 or such later date as We may be pleased to fix, to furnish to the Honourable James Henry Muirhead for his consideration and for furnishing by him to Our Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia under the existing Commission:

(g) as soon as practicable after the completion of your inquiry into a particular death, a report of your findings in relation to that death; and

(h) upon completion of your inquiry into the several deaths in accordance with these Our Letters Patent, a report of any other findings of your inquiry and such recommendations (if any) as you consider appropriate.

WITNESS His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Ninian Martin Stephen, a member of Her Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, Knight of the Order of Australia, Knight Grand Cross of The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of The Royal Victorian Order, Knight Commander of The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire and Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia.

Dated this 6 day of May 1988

Governor-General

By His Excellency’s Command,

Prime Minister

Overview

The Royal Commissions Act 1902 was enacted to provide a framework for the establishment of Royal Commissions in Australia, allowing for thorough and comprehensive inquiries into matters of public importance. The Act was introduced to address the need for independent investigations into significant issues that require a high level of scrutiny and expertise, ensuring that such inquiries are conducted with the utmost integrity and thoroughness. This legislation was enacted by the Parliament of Australia, with the intent of empowering the executive to appoint Royal Commissioners to undertake detailed investigations into specified matters, thus enabling the government to respond effectively to critical national issues. The policy objective behind the Act is to facilitate the appointment of Royal Commissions that can deliver impartial and authoritative reports, thereby contributing to the public good and the rule of law.

Scope and Application

The Letters Patent issued under the authority of the Commonwealth of Australia appoints a Commissioner to conduct an inquiry into deaths of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people that have occurred while in police custody, in prison or any other place of detention since 1 January 1980, excluding deaths in hospitals, mental institutions, infirmaries or medical treatment centres unless injuries suffered in police custody, prison or other detention caused or contributed to the death. The Commissioner’s inquiry extends to deaths in the states of New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, and to other locations in Australia if specifically requested by another Commissioner appointed under a previous Commission. The Commissioner must consult with the other Commissioner regarding methods and procedures, conform to any guidelines or recommendations made, and may be directed to undertake or refrain from undertaking specific inquiries. The Commissioner is also required to consult regarding report preparation and must submit findings and recommendations to the Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia by 30 June 1989 or another specified date. This inquiry aims to establish a uniform approach to investigating these deaths and related actions.

Key Provisions

The main operative sections of these Letters Patent (section 1) appoint the Honourable John Halden Wootten, QC, as a Commissioner to inquire into deaths of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders in police custody, in prison, or in any other place of detention since 1 January 1980, excluding deaths in hospitals or medical facilities unless caused or contributed to by injuries sustained in police custody, prison, or other detention. The Commissioner is also tasked with examining any subsequent actions taken regarding these deaths (section 1(a)). The Commissioner is directed to consult with the Honourable James Henry Muirhead and to conform with any guidelines or recommendations issued under the existing Commission (section 1(c) and (d)). The Commissioner may be requested to undertake or refrain from further inquiry into specific deaths (section 1(e) and (f)) and must consult with Muirhead regarding the preparation of his report (section 1(h)). The Act imposes several obligations and requirements on the Commissioner. Firstly, the Commissioner must conduct the inquiry expeditiously and submit a report of findings for each death investigated as soon as practicable after completion, followed by a final comprehensive report upon completion of the entire inquiry (section 1(g) and (h)). The Commissioner must also consult with Muirhead regarding methods and procedures for the inquiry and adhere to any guidelines or recommendations provided (section 1(c) and (d)). Additionally, the Commissioner is authorised to combine this inquiry with any other related inquiries conducted under different commissions or authorities (section 1(i)). Breach of the obligations and requirements set out in the Letters Patent may have civil and criminal consequences, although specific offences, penalties, or consequences are not detailed in the text. The overarching directive to conduct the inquiry expeditiously and submit timely reports suggests that failure to meet these deadlines could be viewed as a breach of the Commissioner’s duties. Additionally, non-compliance with consultation and procedural directives may be subject to review and potential sanctions, although the precise nature of these consequences is not explicitly stated.

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Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation at 26 August 2026. For the latest information on Australian Government law please go to https://www.legislation.gov.au.